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WESTAGEM SRL

Amendments to the Report to the Environmental Impact Assessment Study –Environmental factor – AIR for “Gold-silver

ore mining of Certej perimeter”

SC DEVA GOLD S.A., Deva

Beneficiary:S.C. DEVA GOLD S.A.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ Amendments to the Report to the environmental impact assessment study – „air” environmental element–

for “Gold-silver ore mining of Certej perimeter”, S.C. DEVA GOLD S.A., Deva

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S.C. WESTAGEM S.R.L. Developers

Dr. Physicist. George Mocioacă

General Manager

Dr. Physicist. George Mocioacă

Chem. Alin Deneanu

Eng. Mihai Şuta

January 2011

Amendments to the Report to the Environmental Impact

Assessment Study – „AIR” environmental factor– for

“Gold-silver ore mining of Certej perimeter”, S.C. DEVA

GOLD S.A., Deva

Beneficiary: S.C. DEVA GOLD S.A.

Contract: 3 / 11.01.2010



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1 INTRODUCTION 4

2 EVALUATION OF THE EXISTING STATUS OF THE EMISSION SOURCES AND AIR QUALITY WITHIN THE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AREA 5

2.1 INTRODUCTION 5

2.2 INVENTORIES OF EMISSIONS WITHIN PROJECT AREA 6 2.2.1 Identification of fixed and mobile pollution sources within the project area 2.2.2 Inventory of the emission sources within the Project Area 10

2.3 INVENTORIES OF THE EMISSIONS AT REGIONAL SCALE 11

2.4 QUALITY OF AMBINETAL AIR – EVALUATION OF THE INITIAL BASELINE POLLUTANT LEVELS IN THE AIR WITHIN THE PROJECT AREA 12

2.4.1 EMEP baseline concentrations 13 2.4.2 Pollutant transportation at regional scale 13 2.4.3 Contribution of the local emission sources 16

3 EVALUATION OF THE CUMULATED IMPACT ON THE AIR QUALITY OF EMISSION SOURCES OF CERTEJ PROJECT AND EXISTING SOURCES OF HUNEDOARA COUNTY AND THEIR BOUNDARY COUNTIES 26

3.1 APPROACHING METHODOLOGY 26

3.2 MODELLING RESULTS 29

4 EVALUATION OF THE CUMULATED IMPACT AGAINST AIR QUALITY OF THE EMSSION SOURCES RELATED TO CERTEJ PROJECT, SOURCES RELATED TO ROSIA MONTANA PROJECT AND TO THE EXISTING SOURCES OF HUNEDOARA COUNTY AND ITS NEIGHBOURING COUNTIES 36

4.1 APPROACHING METHODOLOGY 36

4.2 MODELLING RESULTS 40 5 REFERENCES Error! Bookmark not defined.



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1 INTRODUCTION

In the Procedure related to the environmental impact assessment for the Project entitled „Gold-silver ore mining in Certej perimeter‖ belonging to S.C. DEVA GOLD S.A., there has been developed the Report to the Environmental Impact Assessment Study for this project. Further to the notes 15617/AM/13.12.2010 (registered at SC DEVA GOLD SA under the number 385/14.12.2010) and the note no.1304/22.12.2010 (registered at SC DEVA GOLD SA under the no. 391/27.12.2010) forwarded to the project holder by the entitled authority for environmental protection, the holder has been requested to supplement some of the chapters of this report. Thus, referring to the project impact on the „air‖ environmental element, the graphic representations of the spatial distributions of contaminant concentrations has been required for the following cases:

Existing pollution sources providing an impact that could affect the Project perimeter;

Existing pollution sources impacting the Project perimeter cumulated with the pollution sources afferent to the Project for Hunedoara County and neighbouring counties;

Existing pollution sources impacting the project perimeter cumulated with the project sources afferent to the Project and the sources related to the Rosia Montana Project, for Hunedoara County and neighbouring counties

To achieve these targets, there have been completed the following air quality and atmosphere pollution rate assessment works by using the mathematical modelling of the contaminant/pollutant dispersion, under Certej Project implementation within the potentially impacted zone:

The assessment of the existing condition of the emission sources and air quality within the project implementation zone;

Cumulated impact assessment on the air quality of the emission sources of Certej Project and existing sources, in Hunedoara County and its neighbouring counties;

Cumulated impact assessment on the air quality of the emission sources of Certej Project, sources of Rosia Montana Projects and existing sources, in Hunedoara County and neighbouring counties.

For each of these activities, the methodologies approached and the results of the mathematic modelling are presented in the next chapter as tables and in the distribution maps of the pollutant levels.



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2 EVALUATION OF THE EXISTING STATUS OF THE EMISSION SOURCES AND AIR QUALITY WITHIN THE PROJECT IMPLEMNETATION AREA

2.1 INTRODUCTION

For the achievement of a complete and integrate analyse/ assessment of the impact of one project against the „air‖ environmental factor, the assessment of the air quality within the project impact area is necessary in two situations:

The existing situation, before the project implementation, corresponding to the pollution background created with the contribution of the local emission sources within the interest area cumulated with an induced background created by the pollutants transportation on long distance and at regional scale;

The situations afferent to different phases of the project, corresponding to the impact cumulated against air quality due to all emission sources ( the sources afferent to the respective phase of the project as well as, the rest of the existing emission sources).

This chapter presents the approaching methodologies and the results of the air quality assessment within the project impact area, in the context of the existing situation, before its implementation.

The method used for the investigation of the existing pollution degree within the impact area of the Project investigated was the modelling of the pollutant dispersion into the atmosphere at different scales: meso-scale, as well as local scale, that include the Project‗s site area and the area of maximum impact.

The evaluation using the method of pollutants dispersion modelling implies the knowledge and complete description of all categories of emission sources. Given that, the complete and consistent assessment of air quality in the existing situation requires the quantification of the contribution of all sources, both at local as well as, at regional scale, all these resulting in emission inventories developed as follow:

The inventories at regional scale cover a large area of the 3, 4, 5 and 7 regions, including the major spot sources (stacks), the sources associated to residential activities and road traffic;

The inventories at local level, which mainly consist of sources associated to residential activities, road traffic and mining activities.

The emission intervals have been realized in 2009 at local scale, but taking into account the forecasts for industrial and urban development and in addition taking into account the low level of the current industrial development,



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it can be assimilated with a good approximation the existing situation in 2009 with the situation before the project implementation. Besides, the mathematical modelling al local scale was realized for this pre-construction and operation phase of Certej mining project.

2.2 INVENTORIES OF EMISSIONS WITHIN THE PROJECT AREA

2.2.1 Identification of fixed and mobile pollution sources within the project area

The air pollution sources identified in 2009 within the area of Certej Project are associated with the following activities:

Burning of solid fuel (wood, wood waste) for domestic heating and cooking;

Animal farming and poultry in individual households, situated both within as well as, outside the residential areas;

Road traffic;

Wind erosion of the un-rehabilitated surfaces of Certej open pit, waste dumps and of the processing tailings dams resulted from the previous mining activities.

It has to be noticed that, the mining activities conducted by C.N.C.A.F. Minvest S.A. Deva at Certej open pit were closed down, the only existing emission sources in the industrial area (Certej project site) being represented by the non-rehabilitate surfaces of Certej open pit, the waste dumps and processing tailings dams generated by historical mining activities performed in the past years in the area, which, due to the lack of soil layer and vegetation are permanently subjected to wind erosion, resulting in dust emissions into the atmosphere. In addition, considering the fact that, the mentioned surfaces are almost completely located within the future mining operation area at Certej, the emission sources associated with these will disappear once the respective surfaces will be arrangement for the new mining activities, being replaced by the emission sources associated with the new mining activities, afferent to the project analyzed.

It is précised that, the houses found in the proximity of the proposed sites for the project development are in low number and dispersed. Therefore, the emission sources generated by the anthropic activities of rural type (households, farming, road traffic) existing within the Project area are situated almost in totality outside the industrial area.



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Therefore, for the evaluation of the contribution of the local emission sources found within the Project area, an inventory of the emission was prepared for the background pollution sources, which will be overlapped by the effect of the pollution sourced generated by the project. The pollution inventory was drafted taking into account the following air polluting sources existing into atmosphere in 2009 in this area:

The emission sources specific for : Certeju de Sus, Hondol, Bocşa Mare, Bocşa Mică, Săcărâmb, Varmaga, Nojag, Măgura-Topliţa, Trestia, Voia, Galbina and Roşia localities;

Specific farming activities performed inside and outside the following localities: Certeju de Sus, Hondol, Bocşa Mare, Bocşa Mică, Săcărâmb, Varmaga, Nojag, Măgura-Topliţa, Trestia, Voia, Galbina and Roşia;

The road traffic performed on the existing infrastructure (DJ 761 county road, communal and local roads).

The air polluting sources specific to all localities are:

Burning of solid fuel (wood, wood waste) for domestic heating and cooking in most of the localities;

Animal farming and poultry in individual households;

Arable land cultures;

Private vegetable gardens;

Orchards and vines;

Small industrial plants;

Other activities: bread manufacture in specialized facilities, domestic alcohol manufacture, etc;

Local and transit road traffic

Domestic heating is based on the utilization of independent systems (mostly stoves), which use wood and wood scrap, almost exclusively. The specific pollutants for the above - mentioned sources are:

stationary combustion sources: nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2, N2O), carbon oxides (CO, CO2), sulphur oxides (SO2, SO3), particulates, volatile and condensable organic compounds (including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) – which are potentially carcinogenic substances);

animal farming: methane (CH4) generated by enteric fermentation and by decomposition of manure, ammonia (NH3) generated by decomposition of manure;

seasonal and perennial land cultures: non-methane volatile organic compounds, nitrous oxide (N2O), naturally occurring particulates



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(mineral and vegetal particulates), ammonia (NH3), chemical compounds generated by the use of pesticides; chemical compounds generated by the utilization of agricultural machines (NOx, N2O, CH4, non-methane volatile organic compounds: CO, CO2, SO2, heavy metal particles: Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Se, Zn, PAH);

stationary combustion sources such as internal combustion motors (pumps, generators, etc.) nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2, N2O) and carbon oxides (CO, CO2), sulphur oxides (SO2), heavy metal particulates, volatile and condensable organic compounds (including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) – and other potential carcinogenic substances);

road traffic: nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2, N2O), carbon oxides (CO, CO2), SO2, CH4, non-methane volatile organic compounds, heavy metal particles (Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Se, Zn);

industrial plants, bakeries, other activities: pollutants specific/related to fuel burning, non-methane organic compounds.

The pollutants released into the atmosphere include greenhouse gases such as- CO2, N2O, CH4 – generated by stationary and mobile burning sources and by agricultural activities.

The multitude of low magnitude stationary sources (located inside or outside the localities) forms an aggregate of low-height area sources (the average height of the buildings is approx. 4-5 m. The main stationary sources in the residential areas are equipped with chimneys for evacuation of burnt gases.

The road traffic inside localities includes low-height area sources (approx. 2 meters height), representing the vehicles on the street network.

The vehicle traffic outside the localities generates linear emission sources, one for each road, but even these can be modelled as being surface sources of small size.

The emission inventories have been prepared using the emission factors provided by:

EEA/EMEP/CORINAIR Methodology (latest version, 2009) („EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook - 2009‖);

US EPA/AP-42 Methodology (Air CHIEF – the 5th edition, updated in 2007);

COPERT IV Program / software for pollutants generated by mobile sources.



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For the calculation of the emissions have been used data about population census, number of households and number of registered vehicles in each locality situated in the proximity of the project site, which have been obtained from the mayoralties. For the estimation of the emissions generated by burning of solid fuel for domestic heating, an average consumption of 8 tones of wood per hour has been estimated for each household. For the estimation of the traffic on county, communal and local roads within the Project area, an average route of 1000 km has been estimated for cars and a route of 20 km per week for heavy vehicles. Traffic distribution on local infrastructure has been modelled considering that 20% of the total traffic takes place on the DN 761 county roads and the rest of the traffic is taking place on communal or local roads available in the area.

The results about the emission inventories for the stationary or mobile sources within the analyzed area are presented in the tables below.

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Amendments to the Report to the environmental impact assessment study – „air” environmental element– for “Gold-silver ore mining of Certej perimeter”, S.C. DEVA GOLD S.A., Deva Pag.10/55

2.2.2 Inventory of the emission sources in the Project area

Table No. 1 Air polluting emissions – stationary sources specific to the localities

Locality Mass flow rates (t/year) Mass flow rates (kg/year)

PM10 CO NOx SO2 CH4

heating COTnm

CH4 animals

HAP NH3 CH4 total

Cd Cr Ni Benzo(a)piren

Bocşa Mare 0.979 7.386 0.090 0.013 0.960 1.696 0.452 0.023 0.235 1.412 0.0007 0.0002 0.0004 0.128

Bocşa Mica 7.344 55.392 0.672 0.096 7.200 12.720 3.393 0.175 1.764 10.593 0.0053 0.0009 0.0034 0.960

Certeju de Sus

65.851 496.682 6.026 0.861 64.560 114.056 30.421 1.571 15.821 94.981 0.0473 0.0022 0.0301 8.608

Galbina 3.550 26.773 0.325 0.046 3.480 6.148 1.640 0.085 0.853 5.120 0.0026 0.0004 0.0016 0.464

Hondol 25.704 193.872 2.352 0.336 25.200 44.520 11.874 0.613 6.175 37.074 0.0185 0.0038 0.0118 3.360

Măgura-Topliţa

6.854 51.699 0.627 0.090 6.720 11.872 3.166 0.164 1.647 9.886 0.0049 0.0009 0.0031 0.896

Nojag 16.279 122.786 1.490 0.213 15.960 28.196 7.520 0.388 3.911 23.480 0.0117 0.0024 0.0074 2.128

Roşia 0.734 5.539 0.067 0.010 0.720 1.272 0.339 0.018 0.176 1.059 0.0005 0.0002 0.0003 0.096

Săcărâmb 20.808 156.944 1.904 0.272 20.400 36.040 9.613 0.496 4.999 30.013 0.0150 0.0011 0.0095 2.720

Trestia 14.198 107.091 1.299 0.186 13.920 24.592 6.559 0.339 3.411 20.479 0.0102 0.0550 0.0065 1.856

Varmaga 29.743 224.338 2.722 0.389 29.160 51.516 13.740 0.710 7.146 42.900 0.0214 0.0117 0.0136 3.888

Voia 8.568 64.624 0.784 0.112 8.400 14.840 3.958 0.204 2.058 12.358 0.0062 0.0009 0.0039 1.120

Table no. 2 Air polluting emissions – mobile sources within and outside the localities

Locality Mass flow rates (kg/year) Mass flow rates (g/year) PM10 CO NOx N2O SO2 COTnm CH4 COVtot Pb Cd Cu Cr Ni Se Zn

Bocşa Mare

0.349 91.160 13.629 0.119 0.835 21.609 0.668 22.278 0.033 0.005 0.793 0.034 0.048 0.005 0.467

Bocşa Mica 1.397 364.639 54.516 0.474 3.338 86.437 2.673 89.110 0.133 0.019 3.172 0.138 0.193 0.019 1.866

Certeju de Sus

10.479 2734.794 408.870 3.555 25.036 648.278 20.050 668.328 0.999 0.140 23.792 1.031 1.444 0.140 13.995

Galbina 0.699 182.320 27.258 0.237 1.669 43.219 1.337 44.555 0.067 0.009 1.586 0.069 0.096 0.009 0.933

Hondol 6.288 1640.876 245.322 2.133 15.022 388.967 12.030 400.997 0.599 0.084 14.275 0.619 0.866 0.084 8.397

Măgura-Topliţa

1.467 382.871 57.242 0.498 3.505 90.759 2.807 93.566 0.140 0.020 3.331 0.144 0.202 0.020 1.959

Nojag 3.912 1020.990 152.645 1.327 9.347 242.024 7.485 249.509 0.373 0.052 8.882 0.385 0.539 0.052 5.225

Roşia 0.279 72.928 10.903 0.095 0.668 17.287 0.535 17.822 0.027 0.004 0.634 0.028 0.039 0.004 0.373

Săcărâmb 1.747 455.799 68.145 0.593 4.173 108.046 3.342 111.388 0.166 0.023 3.965 0.172 0.241 0.023 2.333

Trestia 69.316 22889.235 2844.739 24.737 155.205 5437.263 168.163 5605.426 8.515 1.105 187.851 5.660 7.924 1.105 110.501

Varmaga 1.192 33.154 38.397 0.334 3.451 7.198 0.223 7.421 0.003 0.348 59.194 1.350 1.889 0.348 34.820

Voia 1.467 382.871 57.242 0.498 3.505 90.759 2.807 93.566 0.140 0.020 3.331 0.144 0.202 0.020 1.959

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for “Gold-silver ore mining of Certej perimeter”, S.C. DEVA GOLD S.A., Deva Pag.11/55

2.3 INVENTORIES OF EMISSIONS AT REGIONAL SCALE

In order to evaluate the impact against air quality generated by the pollutant transportation at regional scale, a mathematical model was created taking into consideration the major pollution sources situated inside of a calculation grid of 400 x 400 km size (which covers the central and western side of Romania), excepting the local emission sources of the Project area. The major sources were considered:

The sources pertaining to the operators who have an integrate environmental authorization (IPPC installations, including heavy burning installations. More than 140 stacks of these installations have been included into the modelling scenario and the emission levels have been considered for 2009. Where information have been identified and were available they have been taken into calculation of the emissions of particles associated to ash and slag dumps or to other deposits pertaining to those industrial platforms;

The residential sources associated with domestic activities (residential heating, food preparation, etc.),

Road traffic

The total annual emissions of different categories of sources are shown in Table 3.

Table no. 3 Summary of the emission inventories included in the modelling at regional scale

Pollutant / Source

NOx SO2 PM10 Pb CO C6H6 Cd Ni As HAP Hg Cr

tones/year kg/year

Spot sources 96379 407696 16693 22 44954 20 649 13552 1225 9863 3344 0

Surface sources

14787 7993 125905 6 953079 7925 226 1102 148 94686 0 492

Traffic 47347 42 3808 2 96202 171 21 147 0 0 0 105

Total 158513 415731 146405 31 1094235 8116 896 14801 1373 104549 3344 597

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2.4 QUALITY OF AMBIENT AIR – ASSESSMENT OF THE BASELINE (INITIAL) CONCENTRATIONS OF AIR POLLUTANTS IN THE AREA

In order to create the possibility to assess the air quality in the areas with sensitive receptors situated in the Projects area, and as a direct consequence of accumulation of sources afferent to the Project or, of external sources, an assessment of the baseline levels of the pollutants, which will characterize the period of development before project implementation was necessary.

As mentioned before, in 2009 the area investigated included the following categories of air pollutant sources:

1st category – sources which will remain active during the live of the Project, represented by the activities performed inside and outside the localities of the Project, as well as, by the road traffic on the national, communal and local roads situated in this zone;

2nd category – sources that will end to exist after the Project commencement and which are represented by the specific activities of the households found within and in the next proximity of the Project site (these are in small number) – which will be relocated, as well as, of the un-rehabilited surfaces of Certej open pit, waste dumps and tailings dams streaming from the previous mining activities, which will be arranged for further development of the new mining activities.

In consequence, during the initial period of Project implementation, after decommissioning of all sources from the Project site, the quality of air will be exclusively influenced by the anthropic activities performed in the localities around the industrial zone or, by road traffic.

For the evaluation of the air quality within the impact area of the Project according to the situation when the effect of the current emissions will overlap on the effect caused by the project implementation, a mathematic model has been prepared and the contributions of 3 elements have been analyzed:

The background/baseline concentrations due to pollutants transportation on long distance, as well as, the natural background, measured at the EMEP monitoring stations for air quality;

Transportation of pollutants at regional scale; the pollutants originate from major emission sources found at significant distance to the project site; the sources are distributed on a 400 km x 400 km calculation grid and simulated by mathematical modelling;

The local emission sources from the project area found within a 10.25 km x 9.25 km calculation grid, which contribution was quantified by mathematical modelling at local scale.

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2.4.1 EMEP background concentrations

For the estimation of the background concentrations of the project area due to pollutants transportation on long distances as well as, to the natural background, the monitoring data of air quality recorded by the nearest EMEP type of station found in Hungary, Czech Republic and Austria have been analyzed. The average values of the background concentrations estimated for each of the significant pollutants of the Project and their comparison with the limit values established on OM no. 592/2002 and with the target values established on OM no. 448/2007 are presented in Table 4.

2.4.2 Pollutant transportation at regional scale

The evaluation of the impact against air quality generated by the pollutant transportation at regional scale was realized by mathematical modelling taking into consideration the major emission sources situated inside one calculation grid of 400 x 400 km size (which covers the central and western side of Romania), being excepted the local emission sources of the project area, found inside the spatial domain determined by the calculation grid utilised for the pollutant dispersion modelling at local scale. Major sources have been considered:

The sources pertaining to the operators who have an integrate environmental authorization (IPPC installations), including heavy burning installations. More than 140 stacks of these installations have been included into the modelling scenario and the emission levels have been considered for 2009. Where information have been identified and were available, they have been taken into calculation for the emissions of particles associated to ash and slag dumps or to other deposits pertaining to those industrial platforms;

The residential sources associated to domestic activities (residential heating, food preparation, etc.),

Road traffic

The surface sources identified and the road traffic have been distributed using GIS processing into the cells of a 400 x 400 km calculation grid with 5 km resolution.

The transportation modelling and pollutant dispersion at meso-sacle and regional scale represent a special case of dispersion modelling, because the spatial – temporal scale implies the compulsory inclusion of some phenomenon, which could be neglected in many cases for the local scale modelling.

At first, when we refer at spatial scale (at lest few thousands of km), the variability of the meteorological conditions is induced by the atmospheric conditions at this scale but also by the topographic variability, surface roughness or, different radiating processes, all these involve the consideration

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of advection and diffusion of the pollutant under un-stationary and un-homogenous wind field/ plume.

In order to comply with these technical regulations, a numeric Euler model developed by CSIRO Australia was used for the estimation / evaluation of the pollutants transportation at regional scale.

TAPM – brief description of the model

TAPM (The Air Pollution Model) is a combined model of meteorology – dispersion type developed by CSIRO (Australia).

The meteorological compound of the model (TAMP) is a incompressible, non-hydrostatic prognosis model of a primitive equation resolved with the help of coordinates that follow the topography.

The model solves the equations of the impulse for the horizontal compounds of the wind, the equation of incompressible continuity, which derives in vertical speed and scaling equations for virtual potential temperature and humidity specific to water as vapours, water into the clouds and water as precipitations.

The solution for the wind field / plume, virtual potential temperature and specific humidity is sequential associated through synoptic values of these dimensions supplied / imputed into the data - base of the model.

The Exer pressure function is separated into hydrostatic compounds and non-hydrostatic compounds, and the Poisson equation is solved for the non-hydrostatic compounds. In addition there are included the micro-physical processes form the clouds.

The terms of turbulence form this equations have been determined by resolving the equations of turbulence kinetic energy and dissipation rate and after that, by the utilization of these values into the representation of the fluxes on vertical scale through a closing approach, including an inverse gradient term for heating flux. At the surface, a para-metering of the vegetation and heating fluxes into the soil is applied, the para-metering being extended on the fluxes at higher levels, too.

The Euler‘s model of dispersion consists of telescoping solutions (the model can run in ―nest‖ mode) of Euler‘s equation of the concentrations representing advection, diffusion and chemical reactions. Also, there are included dry and wet deposition processes.

The prognostic equation of the concentration is similar with that used for the potential virtual temperature and for variables of specific humidity of the meteorological model.

Input data

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The meteorological data utilized as input data for the model are delivered by an analysing model at synoptic scale (LAPS) and consist of data modelled at 6 hours interval into a geographical grid – longitude/latitude with the resolution of 0.75 degrees (about 75 km) that covers the Northern Hemisphere.

The field data are supplied by US Geological Survey, Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data Centre Distributed Active Archive Centre (EDC DAAC), with a resolution of 30 seconds latitude (approx. 1 km).

In addition, US Geological Survey delivers data about territory use at the same resolution.

In order to determine the background concentrations within the projects area induced by the regional traffic/ transportation, the model was run into nest mode, using 4 successive grids of calculation with the following dimensions:

800 km x 800 km – resolution of 10 km;


200 km x 200 km – resolution 2.5 km;

80 km x 80 km – resolution of 1 km.

By summing the values of the EMEP background concentrations with the values of the concentrations obtained after running dispersion and transportation modelling, the values of the regional background concentrations were obtained. The spatial distribution of the annual mean values of these concentrations are presented in Annex A, sub-annex A.1, drawings 1 – 11, for each pollutant analyzed, at the level of that 3 internal grids of calculation.

The values of the regional background concentrations form the Project‘s area were obtained through averaging the modelled concentrations on the mesh/cells pertaining to the 1 km grid that are overlapping to the domain considered into the analyze at local scale (to which is added the level of EMEP concentrations). These are sgown in Table No. 4., together with the limit values established on OM no. 592/2002 and target values established on OM no. 448/2007.

Table No. 4 Regional background concentrations within the Project’s area.

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Pollutant

Average concentration

EMEP background

Average concentration

National background

Limit values (VL) / Target values

Unit of measure

Receptor corresp. to limit value

Observations

NO2 8.938 10.744 40 μg/m3 Population Below limit value

NOx 10.835 13.544 30 μg/m3 Vegetation Below limit value

SO2 2.566 9.782 20 μg/m3 Eco-system Below limit value

PM10 18.302 21.501 40 μg/m3 Population Below limit value

CO 352 372.185 - μg/m3 Population Below limit value

Pb 0.005 0.00593 0,5 μg/m3 Population Below limit value

As 0.84 0.862 6 ng/m3 Population Below target value

Cd 0.166 0.175 5 ng/m3 Population Below target value

Ni 0.497 0.682 20 ng/m3 Population Below target value

PAH, of which: 0.696 1.047 - ng/m3 - -

Benzo(a)piren 0.696 0.6995 1 ng/m3 Population Below target value

2.4.3 Contribution of the local emission sources

For the evaluation of the contribution of local emission sources to the impact against the air quality within the interest area, a separate modelling was effectuated at local scale, which took into consideration the emission sources describe at chapter 2 (situated in the proximity of the Project site, at very close distance of this, respectively sources which have been excepted from the regional scale modelling). The emission inventories presented on paragraph 2.2. correspond to the situation when the effect of the emission sources caused by the Project‘s implementation occur. The modelling was realized with the help of AERMOD dispersion model. A brief description of this model is presented below.

AERMOD – brief description of the model

AERMOD is a steady – state plume model of Gauss type, which can be applied both to the rural as well as, to the urban zones on a flat or a complex terrain, for surface emissions or, height emissions and for multiple emissions, of all categories: punctual, surface and volume.

AERMOD (The regulated AMS-EPA model) was elaborated by AERMIC (Committee AMS-EPA for the improvement of the regulated models), a work group of scientists of AMS (American Meteorology Society) and U.S.- EPA incorporated in 1991, with the purpose to develop a last minute model for different regulatory applications, capable to take into consideration, for example, the new concepts about the limit strata of the Planet/ boundary layer, interaction of the plume with the terrain, surface emissions, building effect, dispersion in urban environment, ensuring that the model:

To offer reasonable estimations of the pollutant concentrations in a variety of conditions, with minimum of discontinuities;

To be ―user-friendly‖, having a reasonable need of input data and resources of the calculation system;

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To capture the essential physical processes, preserving in the same time its simplicity;

To easily integrate further scientific modifications in due time

Thus, new algorithms have been incorporated, or the AERMOD algorithms have been improved for:

dispersion both into the connective bounday layer as well as, into the stabile one;

increased height and pollutant plume lifting ;

penetration of the inversion layer at highs;

calculation of the vertical wind profiles, turbulence and temperature;

urban limit strata, during night time

treatment of the receptors of any kind of terrain, from the ground surface to above pollutant plume;

treatment of the building effects;

an improved approach for the characterization of the fundamental parameters of the limit layer;

treatment of the lateral deviation of the pollutant plume; etc.

Over the last years, the model has been significantly improved such as the new calculation algorithms of depositions have been defined.

AERMOD modelling system contains the AERMOD component and two processors: AERMET – the meteorological processor, which provides the meteorological information to the dispersion model needed to characterize the stable boundary layer and a field processor, namely AERMAP, which characterize the terrain and generate the grid of receptor for dispersion model.

The meteorological processor (AERMET)

The main task of AERMET is to calculate the parameters of the boundary layer further used by AERMOD. In addition, AERMOD takes over the meteorological observations made by AERMET.

As input data, AERMET requires standard meteorological observations: wind speed, temperature and clouds coverage/ nebulosity, as well as, the characteristics of the surface: albedo / the reflection coefficient, rough-ness and Bowen ratio. Based on these, AERMET calculate the parameters of the boundary layer: friction speed, Monin-Obukhov length, the scale of the convective speed, the scale of the potential temperature, height of mixing and the flux of sensitive heat. These parameters are transferred to the internal interface of AERMOD processor, where similitude relations are used to

____________________________________________________________________________________



calculate the vertical profiles for wind speed, lateral and vertical turbulence, potential temperature and gradient of potential temperature.

The field processor - (AERMAP)

AERMAP uses field grid data (obtained form digital altimeter models) to calculate a representative height of influence of the terrain, so called the scale of terrain‘s height. This is defined for every location of the receptor and further, based on it, the dividing height of the flow profile can be calculated. AERMAP is used to create the receptor grids. For each receptor, AERMAP transmits to AERMOD the followings: location of the receptor, its altitude above the average sea level and the scale of the terrain height specific to the respective receptor.

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DISPERSION MODEL (AERMOD)

AERMOD is a steady – state plume model, in the sense that, it presumes the values of the concentrations recorded at all distances from the sources correspond to one hour modelled, and these are determined based on the values of the meteorological variables averaged on the respective hour.

Estimation of the pollutant concentrations

In the stable boundary layer (SBL), the distribution of the concentration is assumed to be Gaussian in both, the vertical and horizontal. In the convective boundary layer (CBL), the horizontal distribution is assumed to be Gaussian, but the vertical distribution is described with a bi-Gaussian probability density function. This behaviour of the concentration distributions in the CBL was demonstrated by Willis and Deardorff (1981) and by Briggs (1993). In addition, in the convective boundary layer (CBL), AERMOD treats ―plume lifting‖ whereby a portion of plume mass, released from a buoyant source, rises to and remains near the top of the boundary layer before becoming mixed into the convective boundary layer (CBL). AERMOD also tracks any plume mass that penetrates into elevated stable layer, and then allows it to re-enter into the boundary layer, when and if appropriate. AERMOD also tracks any plume mass that penetrates the high stable layer, and then allow it to re-enter into the boundary layer when and if this is the case. In addition AERMOD treats a special case of the ― injected source ‖ when the emission height is higher then the mixing height; the pollutant plume resulted is modelled as under stable conditions, but considering the influence of turbulence and winds into the mixing layer. Therefore, AERMOD simulate 5 types of pollutant plumes: direct, un-direct, penetrating, injected and stabile, depending on the atmospheric stability and position inside the boundary layer or above its top;

AERMOD takes into consideration lateral deviation of the pollutant plume caused by fluctuations of wind direction generated by non-diffusive turbulent whirlwinds of low frequency interpolating between two limit concentrations: the limit of the coherent plume (which presumes that wind direction is distributed approximately along a well defined direction of average wind, with variations caused only by lateral turbulence) and the limit of the randomly plume (which presumes an even probability for any wind direction).

In urban areas, AERMOD takes into consideration the depressive nature of the boundary layer of convective type that is formed during nigh time increasing the value of the turbulence against that, which is expected in the adjacent rural zones with stabile boundary layer. The increased turbulence is the result of urban flux of heat and of the associated mixing layer, estimated from the difference of temperature between the urban and rural environment, as per the model suggested by Oke (1978; 1982).

Terrain

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AERMOD incorporates a new and simple approach the actual concepts about flow and dispersion in complex terrains. In the cases when this is required, the plume is modelled with a trajectory that has impact with the land and/ or with a trajectory that follows the land morphology. This approach was designed as being realistic from physical point of view, is simple to be implemented, thus avoiding the necessity to make distinguish between simple, medium and complex land morphologies, as provided by the in force regulations. Thus, AERMOD eliminates the necessity to define complex terrain morphologies; all the types of terrains are treated in a unitary, continuous and simple manner, in the same time preserving the concept of dividing the flow profile (Snyder, et al., 1985) under conditions of stabile stratification.

Estimation of dispersion coefficients

Total standard deviations of the lateral and vertical distributions of the concentrations are a combination between dispersion due to ambient turbulence and dispersion induced by plume lifting / buoyant (as well as, the turbulence induced by the buildings, but that is taken into consideration through a separate approach).

AERMOD takes into consideration the variation of dispersion due to ambient turbulence with the height by using some ―effective parameters‖. AERMOD treats vertical dispersion caused by ambient turbulence as a combination between a specific approach to the surface and a more traditional approach at height ( after Taylor (1921). In the proximity of the surface, an empiric relation for lateral dispersion coefficient is used on the ground of the Prairie Grass data set. Dispersion due to plume lifting is considered as being directly proportional with the increased height.

The effects caused by ambient turbulence and those induced by dispersion caused by plume lifting are presumed be independent.

Pollutant plume rise / increased height of the pollutant plume

Into the connective boundary layer, the plume rise for direct source is given by the superpose of the impulse effects of the source and buoyant (Briggs, 1984). A modified method is used for the indirect plume to simulate the fume, adding a virtual increased height of the plume.

In case of the stabile layer it is used the formulation of Weil (1988), modified by an iterative approach, similar with that of Perry et al. (1989), which takes into consideration the lowering of the plume buoyancy simultaneously with the increase of the potential temperature, whereby the plume is rising into the atmosphere with a high gradient of potential positive temperature. In addition, new relations are introduced for the plume rise in neutral conditions (after Weil, 1985) or under calm conditions (Morton et al., 1956; Briggs, 1969).

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The building effect

AERMOD uses PRIME algorithms (Plume Rise Model Enhancements) to estimate the increase of the pollutant plume dispersion and to reduce its rise due to the height of the buildings. In PRIME, the plume is divided into a cavity region next to the buildings, where a re-circulation takes place and into a high dispersion region, depending of the plume mass which intercepts the margins of the cavity.

Dispersion into the cavity zone is based on building geometry and it is estimated on the base of a function of density of probability. It is presumed a uniform mixing on vertical scale. Beyond the boundary of the cavity, the plume that penetrates is combined with the mass that is not captured into the cavity and is dispersed at a higher rate, depending on the location of the source, emission height and geometry of the building; dispersion is modelled using a model of diffusion for turbulent whirlwind (Weil, 1996).

The plume rise is estimated through the utilization of a numeric model in case of the sources influenced by the buildings, which includes the effects of the flowing line deviations next to the building, vertical sharing due to wind velocity, increased dilution due to turbulence and deficit of speed.

Chemical reactions

A simple chemical scheme that takes into consideration two reactions is used:

22 22 NOONO , NO2 is formed inside the stack;

223 ONOONO , NO is oxidized by ambient ozone.

The background concentration values are necessary for ozone, only.

The PVMRM algorithm (Plume Volume Molar Ratio Method) was implemented in AERMOD. This determines the conversion rate of NOx into NO2, on the base of the calculation of the number of NOx moles emitted into the plume and of the number of O3 moles contained into the volume occupied by the plume between the source and receptor. For this, it is necessary to determine the instant volume of the plume, which is established using some relative coefficients of dispersion, calculated against the distance between the source and receptor.

Depositions

AERMOD has implemented algorithms of calculation for wet and dry depositions both for particles as well as, for gases.

The flux of dry deposition is calculated as a product between one concentration and one deposition speed, hour by hour and cumulated to

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obtain the total flux for a period of time specified by the user. The speed of dry deposition is simulated through a scheme of resistance, for the particles determined and base of distribution of the prevailing grain size of these.

The wet deposition flux of the particles is the product between the average concentrations of the particles into the air column, the coefficient of wash of the particles and the precipitation rate. For gases, the wet deposition flux is obtained through the multiplication of the pollutant concentration in liquid state with the molecular mass of the pollutant and precipitation rate.

Deposition of the pollutant conducts to removal of mass of the pollutant plume, and this will reduce the concentration at soil level and the deposition fluxes while the plume is moving. This consumption is implemented in AERMOD through the simple method of reduction of the source (Chamberlain, 1953). This method calculates a reduction factor of the source, which is multiplied with the concentration and/or flux un-deposited to obtain the consumption.

Characterisation of the sources

The emission sources can be introduced in AERMOD as punctual, surface or volume sources. The punctual sources require input data such as location, temperature and speed of discharged gases into the atmosphere. In case of sources of surface and volume types, it is necessary to provide location, elevation height (optional), emission height and emission rate. In addition, the volume sources necessitate specification of the initial dimensions of the pollutant plume (lateral and vertical). The surface sources can be introduced as circles or, polygons compound of up to 20 lines.

AERMOD offer the possibility to introduce the emission sources on groups and to evidence the contribution of each group to the filed of concentrations obtained through modelling.

Input data

The input data for AERMOD dispersion model are:

hourly meteorological data: the parameters of the boundary layer (friction speed, Monin - Obukhov length, scale of the convective speed, scale of the potential temperature, the mixing height and the flux of sensitive heat ), supplied by AERMET;

field data: the grid with the scale of the terrain height, supplied by AERMAP; data about land utilization and type of land coverage, depending on seasons (for the calculation of depositions);

data about the grid of receptors: geographic coordinates and the height above average sea level for each receptor, transmitted by AERMAP as rectangular grids and / or as spherical grids and / or for singular grids;

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data about the emission sources; physical parameters of the sources (geographical coordinates, elevation, emission height for the punctual sources and the inner diameter at the top)

data about emission: emission rate for each pollutant, for the punctual sources and temperature and the speed of the gases at discharge into the atmosphere, and the initial size/ dimensions of the plume for volume sources;

factors of temporal variation of the emissions (hourly);

background concentration;

data about the buildings that affect dispersion: geographic coordinates of the corners of the buildings and their heights.

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Output data

The output data are represented by the fields of concentrations into the nodes of the receptors grid defined. AERMOD calculate for each receptor the maximum, average and percentile concentrations, threshold values, etc. on different averaging time: hour, day, month, year and multi –annual etc.

The input meteorological data used for AERMET pre-processor running consisted of surface and profile data for 2009 year extracted from output data generated by TAPM model running in ―downscaling‖ mode.

An estimation of the air quality within the impact area of the Project was realised by summing the concentration levels obtained after finishing the local scale modelling. This situation corresponds to the case when the effect of the emission sources will be superimposed on the emission sources caused by the implementation of the project.

Drawings 1-16 of Annex A, Sub - annex A.2 present the spatial distribution at the scale of the entire grid of calculation utilized for the local scale modelling of the total values of the concentrations, that represent the contribution of the local sources and of the regional scale transportation as well, and of the EMEP background concentrations, which will be superposed by the new sources afferent to project implementation.

Table no. 6 contains the maximum values of the background concentrations calculated in the proximity of the nearest sensitive receptors of the Project area (dwelling sites) situated in the nearest locality found around the Project site: Bocşa Mică, Hondol, Săcărâmb, Certeju de Sus, Nojag, Voia, Trestia, Galbina, and the comparison with the limit value.

It can be observed that, the estimate values of the concentrations corresponding to the existing situation before project implementation will be further superposed by the new emission sources of the project, in the proximity of the nearest sensitive receptors where the biggest impact of the project will take place, but these are below the limit values / target values for all analyzed pollutants and averaging times.

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_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Amendments to the Report to the environmental impact assessment study – „air” environmental element– for “Gold-silver ore mining of Certej perimeter”, S.C. DEVA

GOLD S.A., Deva Pag.25/55

Table no. 6 Comparison between the maximum concentrations obtained at the nearest sensitive receptors in the surrounding localities to the Project site and the limit values for the existing situation within the project area, before its implementation

Pollutant NO2 NOx SO2 TSP PM10 CO Pb Cd Ni PAH, of which:

Benzo(a)piren

Averaging time

1 hour 1 year 1 year 1 hour 24 hours 1 year 30 min 24 hours 24 hours 1 year 8 hours 1 year 1 year 1 year 1 year 1 year

Alert threshold

400 - - 500 - - 350 105 - - - - - - - -

Limit values / Target values

200 40 30 350 125 20 500 150 50 40 10000 0.5 5 20 - 1

Unit of measure

μg/m3 μg/m

3 μg/m

3 μg/m

3 μg/m

3 μg/m

3 μg/m

3 μg/m

3 μg/m

3 μg/m

3 μg/m

3 μg/m

3 ng/m

3 ng/m

3 ng/m

3 ng/m

3

Receptor corresp.

to limit value Population Population Vegetation Population Population

Eco-system

Population Population Population Population Population Population Population Population Population Population

Galbina 11.484 10.827 13.669 9.886 9.834 9.796 32.601 24.651 23.251 22.369 427.085 0.00606 0.176 0.683 1.068 0.6996

Voia 11.451 10.776 13.592 9.876 9.814 9.786 42.201 23.551 22.361 21.751 420.185 0.00600 0.175 0.682 1.053 0.6996

Trestia 12.397 10.961 13.869 10.067 9.923 9.821 52.801 31.291 27.551 24.171 549.185 0.00615 0.177 0.684 1.111 0.6999

Nojag 12.257 10.918 13.805 10.047 9.897 9.812 53.101 29.311 26.091 23.481 541.185 0.00616 0.177 0.683 1.095 0.6998

Certeju de Sus

16.184 11.444 14.594 10.764 10.310 9.917 127.501 59.501 41.301 31.031 1017.185 0.00644 0.182 0.687 1.274 0.7008

Săcărâmb 12.097 10.908 13.790 9.989 9.893 9.810 42.101 29.191 25.521 23.261 485.185 0.00617 0.176 0.683 1.089 0.6997

Hondol 13.011 10.937 13.833 10.213 9.982 9.819 72.901 35.901 28.001 24.101 660.185 0.00607 0.177 0.683 1.109 0.6999

Bocşa Mică 12.877 10.935 13.831 10.160 9.934 9.815 66.601 32.201 26.851 23.671 607.185 0.00618 0.177 0.683 1.099 0.6998

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_______________________________________________________________________________________________ Amendments to the Report to the environmental impact assessment study – „air” environmental element– for

“Gold-silver ore mining of Certej perimeter”, S.C. DEVA GOLD S.A., Deva Pag. 26 / 55

3 EVALUATION OF THE CUMULATED IMPACT ON THE AIR QUALITY OF EMISSION SOURCES OF CERTEJ PROJECT AND EXISTING SOURCES OF HUNEDOARA COUNTY AND THEIR BOUNDARY COUNTIES

3.1 APPROACHING METHODOLOGY

The evaluation of air quality for the assessment of the impact of a project on the environmental factor ―air‖ also necessitates, besides the analysis of the existing situation before the implementation of the project, the assessment of impact of different stages of the project in the context of the existing sources.

Considering the spatial scale solicited for the evaluation of the cumulated impact on air quality of emission sources afferent to Certej project and existing sources, which includes the territory of Hunedoara County and neighbouring counties, as well, this evaluation was done by mathematical modelling of pollutants dispersion into the atmosphere at regional scale – meso-scale, with the help of the TAPM model. The model was run in ―nest‖ mode, using the same calculation grids used for the determination of background concentrations in the Project area, induced by the regional transport of pollutants, having the following dimensions:



200 km x 200 km – resolution of 2.5km;

80 km x 80 km – resolution of 1 km.

Two separate modelling activities have been performed, one for the construction stage and another one for the operating stage of the project. For each of the two cases, the following were taken into consideration:

Emission sources existing in the Project area, described in paragraph 2.2 and included in the emission inventories presented in paragraphs 2.2.2 and 2.3

Major emission sources, located at longer distances from the site, with impact on the influence area of the Project

Sources afferent to the respective stage of the Project (construction or operating stage), described in the Report to the Environmental Impact Assessment Study.

For the modelling of the Certej Project activities contribution to the atmospheric pollution, there were used the emission inventories, in a processed form, which were used for the pollutant dispersion modelling scenarios, performed for the evaluation of impact exclusively on air quality of the Project in different stages, in the Environmental Impact Assessment Study, drawn up for this project. These scenarios deal with the worst-case situations as regards the quality of

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surrounding air, by taking into consideration the year afferent to each stage of the Project when the highest polluting atmospheric emissions take place.

Thus, for the construction phase, it was chosen the first year of the phase, which was considered the most representative as concern the worst-case scenario. According to the construction work scheduling, during this year it is estimated that all roads, processing plant, flotation tailings management facility, extension of the current open pit and platforms for the future soil dumps will be built.

For the operating stage, year 6 was chosen, being considered the most disadvantageous context for the ore mining and processing, as the highest mining production rate is expected this year.

According to the Mine Closure Plan, the closure works will be performed during a period of 2 years. During this period, the following works will be carried out: demolition of the processing plant and environmental site rehabilitation, environmental rehabilitation in the areas of the flotation tailings management facility, cyanidation tailings management facility, soil dumps and waste dumps. The distribution of the total emissions afferent to this stage can be considered equal between the two years.

The total annual emissions afferent to the Project sources for each stage, corresponding to the representative years for the most unfavourable context as regards the quality of air, are presented in Table 7. The table sums up the emissions resulting from all types of sources associated with different activities of the construction, operating and closure stages.

Table no. 7 Annual air pollutant emissions, generated by the Certej Project sources

Pollutant Emission

unit of measure

Project Stage

Construction Operating Closure

TSP

tons/year

214,041 169,110 222,864

PM10 46,656 86,222 64,331

CO 45,738 74,057 193,172

NOx 78,764 115,205 104,266

SO2 0,654 12,535 1,059

Pb

kg/year

- 1,364 -

As - 46,025 -

Cd 0,065 16,496 0,106

Cr 0,327 369,891 0,530

Ni 0,458 53,621 0,742

PAH 11,840 6,692 23,473

Benzo(a)pyrene 0,118 0,067 0,235

For the pollutant dispersion modelling for evaluating the cumulated impact on air quality, generated by the existing emission sources and by the ones afferent to the Certej project, in case of each scenario, all sources of emission (with the

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exception of punctual sources) have been distributed by GIS geo-processing in the 5km-resolution modelling grid, being subsequently assimilated in the model as surface sources.

In each of the analysed situations, the results of the modelling have been extracted from the 2.5 km-resolution grid and summed up with the values of the EMEP background concentrations.

The final values (summed up with the EMEP background vales) of the pollutant concentrations are presented on the pollution maps and are displayed in Annex B (Sub-annex B.1, drawings 1-15 for the construction stage and Sub-annex B.2, drawings 1-17 for the operation stage); the final values represent the spatial distributions of the maximum concentration values obtained. For comparison each drawing display two figures representing the existing situation ( left) and the cumulated impact of the existing sources and the sources afferent to the project in one of the two analysed stages (construction - the drawings displayed in sub-annex B. 1 and respective operation stage – the drawings displayed in sub-annex B 2.).

For each pollutant and relevant averaging time, the maximum concentrations (percentile) have been reported to the limit values provided into the Ministry of Water and Environmental Protection Order No. 592/2002 for the approval of the regulations about the establish of the limit values, threshold values and of the criteria and methods of evaluation of sulphur dioxide, nitrate dioxide, nitrate oxide, particulates in suspension (PM10 and PM2,5), lead, benzene, carbon monoxide, and ozone in the air, completed with the Ministry of Environmental protection and water management Order no. 448/2007 and to the target values provided in Ministry of Environmental protection and Water Management Order No. 27 /2007 for the approval of the Normative about the evaluation of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel and PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in air.

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3.2 THE RESULTS OF THE MODELLING

In the next table are shown the maximum values of the pollutant concentrations (the values have been obtained after modelling and extracted from the 2.5 km resolution grid being subsequently added the EMEP background values) obtained in each of the 3 analyzed situations ( existing situation, cumulate impact of the existing sources and of the sources afferent to the construction phase of the Project, respectively, the cumulated impact of the exiting sources and of the sources afferent to the operation phase of the Project) at the level of the territories pertaining to Hundedoara County and the neighbouring counties found within the spatial domain delimited by the 2.5 km resolution grid modelling. The values of the concentrations are compared with the limit values or, by case with the target values provided into OM no. 592/2002, respectively into OM no. 448/2007.

Table no. 8 Maximum concentrations obtained at the level of Hunedoara County and of the neighbouring counties after the assessment of the cumulate impact of the Certej Project and of the exiting emission sources

County Pollutant Averaging

time

Maximum concentrations : Existing situation

(Background)

Maximum concentrations Background +

Construction stage of Certej Project

Maximum concentrations :

Background + Operation stage of

Certej Project


Unit of measure

Alba NO2

1 h 41.569 41.640 41.672 200 μg/m3

Alba year 12.903 12.917 12.923 40 μg/m3

Alba NOx Year 16.782 16.803 16.812 30 μg/m3

Alba

SO2

1 h 127.120 127.121 127.148 350 μg/m3

Alba 24 h 75.201 75.201 75.209 125 μg/m3

Alba Year 9.059 9.060 9.061 20 μg/m3

Alba CO 8 h 928.355 928.417 928.496 10000 μg/m3

Alba PM10

24 h 33.243 33.248 33.252 50 μg/m3

Alba Year 24.950 24.952 24.953 40 μg/m3

Alba TSP

30 min 147.508 148.103 147.973 500 μg/m3

Alba 24 h 80.789 80.913 80.887 150 μg/m3

Alba Pb Year 0.007211 - 0.007211 0,5 μg/m3

Alba As Year 0.864070 - 0.907253 6 ng/m3

Alba Cd Year 0.273226 0.273229 0.273861 5 ng/m3

Alba Ni Year 0.663503 0.663623 0.701549 20 ng/m3

Alba PAH Year 2.606075 2.606460 2.606120 - ng/m3

Alba Benzo(a)piren Year 0.715101 0.715105 0.715101 1 ng/m3

Arad NO2

1 h 36.649 36.757 36.808 200 μg/m3

Arad Year 11.223 11.224 11.225 40 μg/m3

Arad NOx Year 14.262 14.264 14.265 30 μg/m3

Arad SO2

1 h 113.238 113.239 113.262 350 μg/m3

Arad 24 h 70.261 70.261 70.269 125 μg/m3

_____________________________________________________________________________________




time


(Background)





Certej Project


Unit of measure

Arad Year 8.992 8.992 8.993 20 μg/m3

Arad CO 8 h 318.858 318.930 319.049 10000 μg/m3

Arad PM10

24 h 30.225 30.230 30.235 50 μg/m3

Arad Year 23.645 23.646 23.647 40 μg/m3

Arad TSP

30 min 99.076 99.530 99.422 500 μg/m3

Arad 24 h 47.513 47.647 47.618 150 μg/m3

Arad Pb Year 0.005825 - 0.005825 0,5 μg/m3

Arad As Year 0.857196 - 0.862382 6 ng/m3

Arad Cd Year 0.176430 0.176432 0.176912 5 ng/m3

Arad Ni Year 0.698526 0.698556 0.702045 20 ng/m3

Arad PAH Year 2.783590 2.783940 2.783630 - ng/m3

Arad Benzo(a)piren Year 0.716876 0.716879 0.716876 1 ng/m3

Bihor NO2

1 h 54.751 54.804 54.825 200 μg/m3

Bihor Year 12.552 12.553 12.554 40 μg/m3

Bihor NOx Year 16.255 16.258 16.259 30 μg/m3

Bihor SO2 1 h 127.673 127.673 127.684 350 μg/m3

Bihor

24 h 61.520 61.521 61.527 125 μg/m3

Bihor Year 11.333 11.334 11.334 20 μg/m3

Bihor CO 8 h 1991.204 1991.270 1991.290 10000 μg/m3

Bihor PM10

24 h 39.247 39.253 39.258 50 μg/m3

Bihor Year 27.872 27.873 27.874 40 μg/m3

Bihor TSP

30 min 366.118 366.562 366.581 500 μg/m3

Bihor 24 h 110.280 110.409 110.380 150 μg/m3

Bihor Pb Year 0.006588 - 0.006588 0,5 μg/m3

Bihor As Year 0.865495 - 0.866970 6 ng/m3

Bihor Cd Year 0.188467 0.188470 0.188996 5 ng/m3

Bihor Ni Year 1.249344 1.249360 1.251060 20 ng/m3

Bihor PAH Year 4.985645 4.986020 4.985690 - ng/m3

Bihor Benzo(a)piren Year 0.738896 0.738900 0.738897 1 ng/m3

Caraş-Severin NO2

1 h 37.896 37.955 37.980 200 μg/m3

Caraş-Severin Year 13.245 13.246 13.247 40 μg/m3

Caraş-Severin NOx Year 17.296 17.298 17.298 30 μg/m3

Caraş-Severin SO2

1 h 124.255 124.256 124.269 350 μg/m3

Caraş-Severin 24 h 59.593 59.593 59.596 125 μg/m3


Caraş-Severin CO 8 h 569.330 569.368 569.614 10000 μg/m3

Caraş-Severin PM10

24 h 38.191 38.195 38.198 50 μg/m3


Caraş-Severin TSP 30 min 104.620 104.985 104.906 500 μg/m3

_____________________________________________________________________________________




time


(Background)





Certej Project


Unit of measure


Caraş-Severin Pb Year 0.005325 - 0.005325 0,5 μg/m3

Caraş-Severin As Year 0.932098 - 0.933266 6 ng/m3

Caraş-Severin Cd Year 0.213702 0.213704 0.214120 5 ng/m3

Caraş-Severin Ni Year 0.884769 0.884781 0.886129 20 ng/m3

Caraş-Severin HAP Year 5.469723 5.470010 5.469750 - ng/m3

Caraş-Severin Benzo(a)piren Year 0.743737 0.743740 0.743738 1 ng/m3

Cluj NO2

1 h 42.842 42.925 42.961 200 μg/m3

Cluj Year 12.798 12.800 12.800 40 μg/m3

Cluj NOx Year 16.625 16.628 16.629 30 μg/m3

Cluj

SO2

1 h 114.210 114.210 114.226 350 μg/m3

Cluj 24 h 65.731 65.732 65.738 125 μg/m3

Cluj Year 8.138 8.138 8.139 20 μg/m3

Cluj CO 8 h 3347.764 3347.810 3347.950 10000 μg/m3

Cluj PM10

24 h 83.347 83.352 83.356 50 μg/m3

Cluj Year 53.510 53.512 53.513 40 μg/m3

Cluj TSP

30 min 538.895 539.276 539.196 500 μg/m3

Cluj 24 h 200.189 200.298 200.277 150 μg/m3

Cluj Pb Year 0.005779 - 0.005779 0,5 μg/m3

Cluj As Year 0.885741 - 0.887059 6 ng/m3

Cluj Cd Year 0.225424 0.225427 0.225897 5 ng/m3

Cluj Ni Year 0.806593 0.806606 0.808128 20 ng/m3

Cluj PAH Year 23.169641 23.170000 23.169700 - ng/m3

Cluj Benzo(a)piren Year 0.920736 0.920740 0.920737 1 ng/m3

Gorj NO2

1 h 25.492 25.541 25.565 200 μg/m3

Gorj Year 10.530 10.532 10.532 40 μg/m3

Gorj NOx Year 13.224 13.226 13.226 30 μg/m3

Gorj

SO2

1 h 88.088 88.089 88.099 350 μg/m3

Gorj 24 h 44.899 44.899 44.902 125 μg/m3

Gorj Year 9.392 9.392 9.392 20 μg/m3

Gorj CO 8 h 110.402 110.427 110.651 10000 μg/m3

Gorj PM10

24 h 22.790 22.794 22.797 50 μg/m3

Gorj Year 20.207 20.208 20.209 40 μg/m3

Gorj TSP

30 min 36.104 36.370 36.314 500 μg/m3

Gorj 24 h 29.999 30.120 30.095 150 μg/m3

Gorj Pb Year 0.005432 - 0.005432 0,5 μg/m3

Gorj As Year 0.860470 - 0.861468 6 ng/m3

Gorj Cd Year 0.172632 0.172633 0.172894 5 ng/m3

Gorj Ni Year 0.645119 0.645129 0.646303 20 ng/m3

_____________________________________________________________________________________




time


(Background)





Certej Project


Unit of measure

Gorj HAP Year 1.083754 1.084020 1.083780 - ng/m3

Gorj Benzo(a)piren Year 0.699878 0.699880 0.699878 1 ng/m3

Hunedoara NO2

1 h 106.747 107.805 108.316 200 μg/m3

Hunedoara Year 14.103 14.929 16.886 40 μg/m3

Hunedoara NOx Year 18.583 19.821 22.757 30 μg/m3

Hunedoara

SO2

1 h 328.117 328.130 328.355 350 μg/m3

Hunedoara 24 h 109.932 109.936 109.996 125 μg/m3


Hunedoara CO 8 h 369.039 369.266 369.896 10000 μg/m3

Hunedoara PM10

24 h 33.486 33.528 37.321 50 μg/m3


Hunedoara TSP

30 min 99.669 217.514 179.979 500 μg/m3

Hunedoara 24 h 48.464 76.857 67.714 150 μg/m3

Hunedoara Pb Year 0.008946 - 0.008947 0,5 μg/m3

Hunedoara As Year 0.885374 - 4.572320 6 ng/m3

Hunedoara Cd Year 0.187837 0.187856 1.504340 5 ng/m3

Hunedoara Ni Year 0.825919 0.826123 4.992610 20 ng/m3

Hunedoara PAH Year 3.793824 3.794260 3.793870 - ng/m3

Hunedoara Benzo(a)piren Year 0.726978 0.726983 0.726979 1 ng/m3

Sibiu NO2

1 h 36.831 36.894 36.922 200 μg/m3

Sibiu Year 16.572 16.574 16.576 40 μg/m3

Sibiu NOx Year 22.285 22.290 22.292 30 μg/m3

Sibiu

SO2

1 h 92.910 92.911 92.922 350 μg/m3

Sibiu 24 h 45.744 45.745 45.751 125 μg/m3

Sibiu Year 8.902 8.903 8.903 20 μg/m3

Sibiu CO 8 h 1063.919 1063.980 1064.150 10000 μg/m3

Sibiu PM10

24 h 34.756 34.764 34.770 50 μg/m3

Sibiu Year 27.748 27.751 27.753 40 μg/m3

Sibiu TSP

30 min 182.043 182.578 182.465 500 μg/m3

Sibiu 24 h 73.598 73.763 73.726 150 μg/m3

Sibiu Pb Year 0.005544 - 0.005544 0,5 μg/m3

Sibiu As Year 0.866614 - 0.869101 6 ng/m3

Sibiu Cd Year 0.587449 0.587453 0.588166 5 ng/m3

Sibiu Ni Year 0.675642 0.675667 0.678539 20 ng/m3

Sibiu PAh Year 5.681553 5.682190 5.681630 - ng/m3

Sibiu Benzo(a)piren Year 0.745856 0.745862 0.745856 1 ng/m3

Timiş NO2

1 h 42.397 42.505 42.552 200 μg/m3

Timiş Year 11.661 11.662 11.662 40 μg/m3

Timiş NOx Year 14.919 14.920 14.921 30 μg/m3

_____________________________________________________________________________________




time


(Background)





Certej Project


Unit of measure

Timiş

SO2

1 h 126.514 126.516 126.538 350 μg/m3

Timiş 24 h 58.707 58.708 58.713 125 μg/m3

Timiş Year 9.127 9.127 9.128 20 μg/m3

Timiş CO 8 h 393.625 393.675 394.130 10000 μg/m3

Timiş PM10

24 h 29.975 29.978 29.980 50 μg/m3

Timiş Year 23.566 23.566 23.567 40 μg/m3

Timiş TSP

30 min 88.214 88.618 88.531 500 μg/m3

Timiş 24 h 39.321 39.378 39.366 150 μg/m3

Timiş Pb Year 0.005364 - 0.005364 0,5 μg/m3

Timiş As Year 0.863115 - 0.863859 6 ng/m3

Timiş Cd Year 0.180990 0.180991 0.181256 5 ng/m3

Timiş Ni Year 0.712847 0.712854 0.713713 20 ng/m3

Timiş PAH Year 1.488290 1.488540 1.488320 - ng/m3

Timiş Benzo(a)piren Year 0.703923 0.703925 0.703923 1 ng/m3

Vâlcea NO2

1 h 25.235 25.274 25.291 200 μg/m3

Vâlcea Year 11.021 11.022 11.023 40 μg/m3

Vâlcea NOx Year 13.959 13.961 13.962 30 μg/m3

Vâlcea

SO2

1 h 104.212 104.212 104.220 350 μg/m3

Vâlcea 24 h 54.393 54.394 54.396 125 μg/m3

Vâlcea Year 8.777 8.777 8.778 20 μg/m3

Vâlcea CO 8 h 210.843 210.885 211.050 10000 μg/m3

Vâlcea PM10

24 h 28.728 28.731 28.734 50 μg/m3

Vâlcea Year 23.381 23.382 23.383 40 μg/m3

Vâlcea TSP

30 min 50.409 50.867 50.774 500 μg/m3

Vâlcea 24 h 39.511 39.585 39.570 150 μg/m3

Vâlcea Pb Year 0.005438 - 0.005438 0,5 μg/m3

Vâlcea As Year 0.865792 - 0.866774 6 ng/m3

Vâlcea Cd Year 0.185230 0.185231 0.185567 5 ng/m3

Vâlcea Ni Year 0.648505 0.648515 0.649601 20 ng/m3

Vâlcea PAH Year 3.829147 3.829390 3.829170 - ng/m3

Vâlcea Benzo(a)piren Year 0.727331 0.727334 0.727332 1 ng/m3

Construction stage

Comparing the values of the concentrations for the existing situation of air quality with the values of concentrations for the cumulate impact of the existing emission sources and of the sources afferent to the construction phase of Certej project it can be observed the fact that, the differences between these two evaluation scenarios of the air quality are recorded for each pollutant at the level of Hunedoara County, and that is proving the impact area of Certej Project

_____________________________________________________________________________________



is situated on the territory of this county. Furthermore, comparing those 2 distribution maps of the maximum concentration values of each pollutant and averaging time (left – existing situation (background concentrations) right – the cumulate impact of the existing emission sources and of the sources afferent to Certej Project) it can be observed the fact that, the aria of impact of Certej project is limited to its sitting area and its next proximity area, the impact being situated within the perimeter marked on maps as representing the spatial domain delimited by the calculation grid used for local scale analyze of the exclusive impact of the Project.

For Hunedoara County level, the maximum concentrations obtained through cumulate impact are situated below the limit values / target values for all analyzed pollutants and averaging times, besides one single low exceeding of the limit values corresponding to the annual average concentration of SO2, but this exceeding cannot be attributed to the contribution of Certej Project.

The contribution of Certej project to the impact against air quality during the construction phase expressed as a percentage of the limit / target value of the difference between maxim value of concentration for a certain pollutant and the averaging time in case of cumulate impact and the maximum concentration value for the same pollutant and the averaging time in case of the existing situation, is in general reduced or even insignificant. This figure can be at most 23.5 % for the maximum concentration on 30 minutes of TSP and 4.1 % for the average annual concentration of NOx, or 2.2 % for the average annul concentration of PM10.

Operation stage

Comparing the values of the concentrations for the existing situation of air quality with the values of concentrations for the cumulate impact of the existing emission sources and of the sources afferent to the operation phase of Certej project it can be observed the fact that the differences between these two evaluation scenarios of the air quality are recorded for each pollutant at the level of Hunedoara County, and that proves that the impact area of Certej Project is situated on the territory of this county. Furthermore, comparing those 2 distribution maps of the maximum concentration values of each pollutant and averaging time (left – existing situation (background concentrations) right – the cumulate impact of the existing emission sources and of the sources afferent to Certej Project) it can be observed the fact that, the aria of impact of Certej project is limited to its sitting area and its next proximity area, the impact being situated within the perimeter marked on maps as representing the spatial domain delimited by the calculation grid used for local scale analyze of the exclusive impact of the Project.

For Hunedoara County level, the maximum concentrations obtained through cumulate impact are situated below the limit values / target values for all analyzed pollutants and averaging times, besides one single low exceeding of the limit values corresponding to the annual average concentration of SO2, but this exceeding cannot be attributed to the contribution of Certej Project.

_____________________________________________________________________________________



The contribution of Certej project to the impact against air quality during the construction phase expressed as a percentage of the limit / target value of the difference between maxim value of concentration for a certain pollutant and the averaging time in case of cumulate impact and the maximum concentration value for the same pollutant and the averaging time in case of the existing situation, is in general reduced. This figure can be at most 61.5 % for the annual average concentration of As, and 26.3 % for annual average concentration of Cd, or 20.8 % for annual average concentration of Ni. In case of TSP, the contribution of the emission sources afferent to the Project to the air quality impact can rich 16.1 % of the limit value for the maximum concentration in 30 minutes, in case of the annual average concentration of NOx this can has a value of 13.9 %, and in case of annual average concentration of PM10 this cam be of maximum 10.1 %.

Taking into consideration that total annual emissions generated by the activities conducted in closure phase of Cretej project are foe most of the pollutant comparable with total annual emissions corresponding to the year with the highest emission values afferent to the construction pahse of this project , and for the heavy metals - more lower than the total annual emissions of the selected year as being representative for the analyse of the project‘s impact during operating phase, as well as the fat that the modelling scenarious selected have put into evidence a reduce contribution of the Project to the impact against air quality, there was not considered as being necessary to analyse the cumulate impact against the air quality of the existing sources and of the emission sources afferent to the closure phase of the Project.

_____________________________________________________________________________________



4 EVALUATION OF THE CUMULATED IMPACT AGAINST AIR QUALITY OF THE EMSSION SOURCES RELATED TO CERTEJ PROJECT, SOURCES RELATED TO ROSIA MONTANA PROJECT AND TO THE EXISTING SOURCES OF HUNEDOARA COUNTY AND ITS NEIGHBOURING COUNTIES

4.1 APROACHING METHODOLOGY

For the evaluation of the cumulate impact against air quality of the emission sources afferent to Certej Project and Roşia Montană Project and of the existing emission sources, a similar approach was used as that described on Chapter 3 (referring to the cumulate impact of Certej Project and its existing sources), this time the difference between those two cases consisting of incorporating/including into the modelling scenarios that treat the impact of Certej project during the construction phase and respectively, operation phase and of the emission sources afferent to the same phase of Roşia Montană Project (construction, respectively operation).

The emission inventories have been utilized in a processed form for modelling of the contribution of the activities pertaining to Roşia Montană project to air pollution; the emission inventories were used in scenarios modelling for pollutant dispersion elaborated for the assessment of the exclusive impact against air quality of different stages of the project, into the EIS study. These scenarios treat the worst cases as concern the ambient air quality, by taking into consideration of the year afferent to each phase of this project, when the highest air pollutant emissions will be released.

Therefore, for the construction phase of Roşia Montană project there has been selected the year when it is expected to be constructed the roads afferent to the first stage of the project (years: 0-8 of operation): the processing plant, tailings management facility, as well as, the platforms for the future soil dumps, waste dumps and low grade ore. In the last part of the year there will conducted mining activities exclusively in the Cârnic open pit. Although many of the activities described will be carried out over a limited period consisting of one year, the impact on long term is evaluated by taking into consideration all emission sources.

For the operation phase, year 9 has been selected as representing the context of worst scenario for the mining operations in all 4 open pits (Cetate, Cârnic, Orlea and Jig). Year 9 correspond with mining in all four open pits with the high production rate in Jig pit and with a sustained activity in the northern part of Cârnic pit (near the protected area).

_____________________________________________________________________________________



Year 19 of the mine development plan was selected as representing the worst scenario as concern the emissions generated by the closure activities. During this period the following activities will be performed: demolition of the processing plant, and environmental rehabilitation of this site, the environmental rehabilitation of the TMF dam and tailings pond. In the same extent, during this period will be used the topsoil dump afferent to the tailings dam for the environmental rehabilitation of this site.

The total annual emissions for each stage of Certej and Roşia Montană projects, corresponding to the representative years in the context of the worst scenario as concern the air quality are shown in Tables 9, 10 and 11. There have been summed all the emissions streaming from all activities afferent to the construction, operation and closure stages.

Because the commissioning data is not known for both Roşia Montană and Certej projects, the mode these activities will overlapped is not known and therefore, a conservative approach was adopted for the evaluation of the cumulate impact, analyzing the worst scenario from all possible situations as concern the air quality.

Taking into consideration the fact that it is very possible that the construction phases of both projects overlap, the procedures for getting the construction authorization being carried out simultaneously, a scenario has been drafted which consider that the annual maximum emissions afferent to the construction phase for each project will take place simultaneously.

A second scenario treats the operation years with maximum impact against air quality as these have been identified in the EIS report for each project: year 9 of operation in case of Roşia Montană mining project and Year 6 of operation in case of Certej mining project.

The alternative when the last years of the construction phase which pertain to one of the project will overlap with the first years of operation of the other project is possible as well, but in general, in these situations the cumulate emissions would be less or comparable with the situation when summing / cumulating the afferent emissions of the construction phases simultaneously for both facilities.

During the closure phase, the air pollutant inventories have revealed low values of emissions comparative with the construction phase or with the operation phase and therefore, the impact against air quality will be reduced. Therefore the quantification of the impact is necessary only if this is significant in case of construction or operation phase.

The results of modelling have been extracted for each of the analyzed situation from the 2.5 km resolution grid and summed up with the values of the EMEP background concentrations.

_____________________________________________________________________________________



The final values (summed up with the EMEP background vales) of the pollutant concentrations are presented into the pollution maps and are displayed in Annex C (Sub-annex C.1, drawings 1-15 for the construction stage of both Projects and Sub-annex C.2, drawings 1-17 for the operation stage); the final values represent the spatial distributions of the maximum concentration values obtained. For comparison each drawing displays two figures representing the existing situation ( left) and respectively, the cumulated impact of the existing sources and of the sources afferent to both projects in one of the two analysed stages (construction - the drawings displayed in sub-annex C. 1 and respectively, operation stage – the drawings in sub-annex C.2.).

For each pollutant and every relevant averaging time, the maximum concentrations (percentile) have been reported to the limit values provided into the Ministry of Water and Environmental Protection Order No. 592/2002 for the approval of the regulations about the establish of the limit values, threshold values and of the criteria and method of evaluation of sulphur dioxide, nitrate dioxide, nitrate oxide, particulates in suspension (PM10 and PM2,5), lead, benzene, carbon monoxide, and ozone in the air, completed with the Ministry of Environmental protection and water management Order No. 27/2007 and with the target values provided in Ministry of Environmental protection and water management Order No. 448/2007 for the approval of the Normative about the evaluation of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel and PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in air.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Amendments to the Report to the environmental impact assessment study – „air” environmental element– for “Gold-silver ore mining of Certej perimeter”, S.C. DEVA GOLD

S.A., Deva Pag. 39 / 55

Table no. 9 Total annual emissions of air pollutants streaming from the afferent sources of Certej and Roşia Montană projects – construction phase

Project / Annual emission

TSP PM10 CO NOx SO2 Cd Cr Ni PAH Benzo(a)pyrene

tone/an kg/an

Roşia Montană 516.682 218.063 234.583 458.017 2.130 0.111 0.555 0.778 55.215 0.552

Certej 214.041 46.656 45.738 78.764 0.654 0.065 0.327 0.458 11.840 0.118

Total 730.723 264.719 280.320 536.781 2.784 0.176 0.882 1.235 67.055 0.671

Table no. 10 Total annual emissions of air pollutants streaming from the afferent sources of Certej and Roşia Montană projects – operation phase


TSP PM10 CO NOx SO2 Pb Cd Cr Ni PAH Benzo(a)piren As

tone/an kg/an

Roşia Montană 364.958 180.607 172.152 223.556 3.113 2.201 142.956 715.984 1001.791 17.168 0.172 4.665

Certej 169.110 86.222 74.057 115.205 12.535 1.364 16.496 369.891 53.621 6.692 0.067 46.025

Total 534.069 266.829 246.210 338.761 15.648 3.565 159.452 1085.875 1055.412 23.860 0.239 50.690

Table no. 11 Total annual emissions of air pollutants streaming from the afferent sources of Certej and Roşia Montană projects – closure phase


TSP PM10 CO NOx SO2 Cd Cr Ni PAH Benzo(a)piren

tone/an kg/an

Roşia Montană 119.019 35.898 34.871 44.614 0.326 0.033 0.163 0.228 4.208 0.042

Certej 222.864 64.331 193.172 104.266 1.059 0.106 0.530 0.742 23.473 0.235

Total 341.883 100.229 228.043 148.880 1.385 0.139 0.693 0.970 27.682 0.277

______________________________________________________________________________________


“Gold-silver ore mining of Certej perimeter”, S.C. DEVA GOLD S.A., Deva Pag. 40/55

4.2 THE RESULTS OF MODELLING

In the next table are shown the maximum values of the pollutant concentrations (the values have been obtained after modelling and extracted from the 2.5 km resolution grid being subsequently added the EMEP background values) obtained in each of the 3 analyzed situations ( existing situation, cumulate impact of the existing sources and of the sources afferent to the construction phase of the Roşia Montană and Certej Projects, respectively, the cumulated impact of the exiting sources and of the sources afferent to the operation phases of both Projects, at the level of the territories pertaining to Hundedoara County and the neighbouring counties found within the spatial domain delimited by the 2.5 km resolution grid modelling. The values of the concentrations are compared with the limit values or, by case with the target values provided into OM no. 592/2002, respectively into OM no. 448/2007.

Table no. 12 Maximum concentrations obtained at the level of Hunedoara County and of the neighbouring counties after the assessment of the cumulate impact of the Certej Project, Roşia Montană Project and of the existing emission sources

County Pollutant Averaging time


Existing situation (Background)

Maximum concentrations: Background + Construction

phases of Certej and Roşia Montană

Projects

Maximum concentrations: Background +

Operation phases of Certej and Roşia Montană Projects

Limit values /

Target values

Unit of measures

Alba NO2

1 h 41.569 107.613 69.316 200 μg/m3

Alba year 12.903 23.142 16.673 40 μg/m3

Alba NOx year 16.782 32.140 22.437 30 μg/m3

Alba

SO2

1 h 127.120 127.134 127.152 350 μg/m3

Alba 24 h 75.201 75.203 75.209 125 μg/m3

Alba year 9.059 9.060 9.061 20 μg/m3

Alba CO 8 h 928.355 928.930 928.807 10000 μg/m3

Alba PM10

24 h 33.243 39.535 36.848 50 μg/m3

Alba year 24.950 29.756 28.201 40 μg/m3

Alba TSP

30 min 147.508 293.578 218.465 500 μg/m3

Alba 24 h 80.789 87.862 81.152 150 μg/m3

Alba Pb year 0.007211 - 0.007212 0,5 μg/m3

Alba As year 0.864070 - 1.054388 6 ng/m3

Alba Cd year 0.273226 0.273233 6.078485 5 ng/m3

Alba Ni year 0.663503 0.675522 42.026524 20 ng/m3

Alba PAH year 2.606075 3.251850 2.606685 - ng/m3

Alba Benzo(a)piren year 0.715101 0.721559 0.718476 1 ng/m3

Arad NO2

1 h 36.649 37.446 37.042 200 μg/m3

Arad year 11.223 11.232 11.229 40 μg/m3

______________________________________________________________________________________








Projects



Limit values /

Target values

Unit of measures

Arad NOx year 14.262 14.276 14.271 30 μg/m3

Arad

SO2

1 h 113.238 113.243 113.263 350 μg/m3

Arad 24 h 70.261 70.262 70.269 125 μg/m3

Arad year 8.992 8.992 8.993 20 μg/m3

Arad CO 8 h 318.858 319.153 319.131 10000 μg/m3

Arad PM10

24 h 30.225 30.249 30.251 50 μg/m3

Arad year 23.645 23.652 23.652 40 μg/m3

Arad TSP

30 min 99.076 100.194 99.898 500 μg/m3

Arad 24 h 47.513 47.921 47.813 150 μg/m3

Arad Pb year 0.005825 - 0.005825 0,5 μg/m3

Arad As year 0.857196 - 0.862848 6 ng/m3

Arad Cd year 0.176430 0.176434 0.193994 5 ng/m3

Arad Ni year 0.698526 0.698581 0.801290 20 ng/m3

Arad PAH year 2.783590 2.785298 2.784059 - ng/m3

Arad Benzo(a)piren year 0.716876 0.716893 0.698546 1 ng/m3

Bihor NO2

1 h 54.751 54.980 54.883 200 μg/m3

Bihor year 12.552 12.557 12.556 40 μg/m3

Bihor NOx year 16.255 16.264 16.262 30 μg/m3

Bihor SO2 1 h 127.673 127.674 127.685 350 μg/m3

Bihor

24 h 61.520 61.522 61.527 125 μg/m3

Bihor year 11.333 11.334 11.334 20 μg/m3

Bihor CO 8 h 1991.204 1991.389 1991.383 10000 μg/m3

Bihor PM10

24 h 39.247 39.264 39.268 50 μg/m3

Bihor year 27.872 27.876 27.877 40 μg/m3

Bihor TSP

30 min 366.118 366.866 366.714 500 μg/m3

Bihor 24 h 110.280 110.492 110.441 150 μg/m3

Bihor Pb year 0.006588 - 0.006588 0,5 μg/m3

Bihor As year 0.865495 - 0.867023 6 ng/m3

Bihor Cd year 0.188467 0.188471 0.190837 5 ng/m3

Bihor Ni year 1.249344 1.249369 1.264066 20 ng/m3

Bihor PAH year 4.985645 4.986738 4.985909 - ng/m3

Bihor Benzo(a)piren year 0.738896 0.738907 0.698060 1 ng/m3

Caraş-Severin NO2

1 h 37.896 38.083 38.027 200 μg/m3

Caraş-Severin year 13.245 13.248 13.248 40 μg/m3

Caraş-Severin NOx year 17.296 17.300 17.300 30 μg/m3

Caraş-Severin SO2

1 h 124.255 124.257 124.269 350 μg/m3



______________________________________________________________________________________








Projects



Limit values /

Target values

Unit of measures

Caraş-Severin CO 8 h 569.330 569.442 569.437 10000 μg/m3

Caraş-Severin PM10

24 h 38.191 38.199 38.202 50 μg/m3


Caraş-Severin TSP

30 min 104.620 105.339 105.196 500 μg/m3


Caraş-Severin Pb year 0.005325 - 0.005325 0,5 μg/m3

Caraş-Severin As year 0.932098 - 0.933284 6 ng/m3

Caraş-Severin Cd year 0.213702 0.213704 0.214888 5 ng/m3

Caraş-Severin Ni year 0.884769 0.884784 0.891806 20 ng/m3

Caraş-Severin PAH year 5.469723 5.470344 5.469867 - ng/m3

Caraş-Severin Benzo(a)piren year 0.743737 0.743743 0.699017 1 ng/m3

Cluj NO2

1 h 42.842 43.547 43.203 200 μg/m3

Cluj year 12.798 12.814 12.807 40 μg/m3

Cluj NOx year 16.625 16.648 16.639 30 μg/m3

Cluj

SO2

1 h 114.210 114.217 114.232 350 μg/m3

Cluj 24 h 65.731 65.734 65.740 125 μg/m3

Cluj year 8.138 8.138 8.139 20 μg/m3

Cluj CO 8 h 3347.764 3348.243 3348.146 10000 μg/m3

Cluj PM10

24 h 83.347 83.385 83.381 50 μg/m3

Cluj year 53.510 53.522 53.521 40 μg/m3

Cluj TSP

30 min 538.895 540.977 540.373 500 μg/m3

Cluj 24 h 200.189 200.731 200.593 150 μg/m3

Cluj Pb year 0.005779 - 0.005779 0,5 μg/m3

Cluj As year 0.885741 - 0.887250 6 ng/m3

Cluj Cd year 0.225424 0.225431 0.232415 5 ng/m3

Cluj Ni year 0.806593 0.806640 0.854091 20 ng/m3

Cluj PAH year 23.169641 23.172482 23.170464 - ng/m3

Cluj Benzo(a)piren year 0.920736 0.920765 0.697944 1 ng/m3

Gorj NO2

1 h 25.492 25.674 25.616 200 μg/m3

Gorj year 10.530 10.535 10.534 40 μg/m3

Gorj NOx year 13.224 13.230 13.229 30 μg/m3

Gorj

SO2

1 h 88.088 88.089 88.099 350 μg/m3

Gorj 24 h 44.899 44.900 44.902 125 μg/m3

Gorj year 9.392 9.392 9.392 20 μg/m3

Gorj CO 8 h 110.402 110.513 110.502 10000 μg/m3

Gorj PM10

24 h 22.790 22.800 22.802 50 μg/m3

Gorj year 20.207 20.210 20.211 40 μg/m3

Gorj TSP 30 min 36.104 36.610 36.474 500 μg/m3

______________________________________________________________________________________








Projects



Limit values /

Target values

Unit of measures

Gorj 24 h 29.999 30.199 30.145 150 μg/m3

Gorj Pb year 0.005432 - 0.005432 0,5 μg/m3

Gorj As year 0.860470 - 0.861499 6 ng/m3

Gorj Cd year 0.172632 0.172634 0.174170 5 ng/m3

Gorj Ni year 0.645119 0.645135 0.655198 20 ng/m3

Gorj PAH year 1.083754 1.084494 1.083934 - ng/m3

Gorj Benzo(a)piren year 0.699878 0.699885 0.699330 1 ng/m3

Hunedoara NO2

1 h 106.747 108.242 108.331 200 μg/m3

Hunedoara year 14.103 15.102 16.974 40 μg/m3

Hunedoara NOx year 18.583 20.081 22.889 30 μg/m3

Hunedoara

SO2

1 h 328.117 328.132 328.355 350 μg/m3

Hunedoara 24 h 109.932 109.936 109.996 125 μg/m3


Hunedoara CO 8 h 369.039 371.529 371.058 10000 μg/m3

Hunedoara PM10

24 h 33.486 33.863 37.460 50 μg/m3


Hunedoara TSP

30 min 99.669 219.254 180.908 500 μg/m3

Hunedoara 24 h 48.464 76.905 67.961 150 μg/m3

Hunedoara Pb year 0.008946 - 0.008947 0,5 μg/m3

Hunedoara As year 0.885374 - 4.572960 6 ng/m3

Hunedoara Cd year 0.187837 0.187907 1.585559 5 ng/m3

Hunedoara Ni year 0.825919 0.826161 5.565628 20 ng/m3

Hunedoara PAH year 3.793824 3.794926 3.794086 - ng/m3

Hunedoara Benzo(a)piren year 0.726978 0.726989 0.726982 1 ng/m3

Sibiu NO2

1 h 36.831 37.319 37.081 200 μg/m3

Sibiu year 16.572 16.583 16.580 40 μg/m3

Sibiu NOx year 22.285 22.303 22.298 30 μg/m3

Sibiu

SO2

1 h 92.910 92.912 92.923 350 μg/m3

Sibiu 24 h 45.744 45.745 45.752 125 μg/m3

Sibiu year 8.902 8.903 8.903 20 μg/m3

Sibiu CO 8 h 1063.919 1064.281 1064.189 10000 μg/m3

Sibiu PM10

24 h 34.756 34.786 34.788 50 μg/m3

Sibiu year 27.748 27.757 27.758 40 μg/m3

Sibiu TSP

30 min 182.043 183.388 182.996 500 μg/m3

Sibiu 24 h 73.598 74.045 73.928 150 μg/m3

Sibiu Pb year 0.005544 - 0.005544 0,5 μg/m3

Sibiu As year 0.866614 - 0.869204 6 ng/m3

Sibiu Cd year 0.587449 0.587456 0.592926 5 ng/m3

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Projects



Limit values /

Target values

Unit of measures

Sibiu Ni year 0.675642 0.675687 0.706932 20 ng/m3

Sibiu PAH year 5.681553 5.683749 5.682113 - ng/m3

Sibiu Benzo(a)piren year 0.745856 0.745878 0.698013 1 ng/m3

Timiş NO2

1 h 42.397 42.687 42.601 200 μg/m3

Timiş year 11.661 11.664 11.663 40 μg/m3

Timiş NOx year 14.919 14.923 14.922 30 μg/m3

Timiş

SO2

1 h 126.514 126.516 126.539 350 μg/m3

Timiş 24 h 58.707 58.708 58.714 125 μg/m3

Timiş year 9.127 9.127 9.128 20 μg/m3

Timiş CO 8 h 393.625 393.865 393.853 10000 μg/m3

Timiş PM10

24 h 29.975 29.983 29.984 50 μg/m3

Timiş year 23.566 23.568 23.568 40 μg/m3

Timiş TSP

30 min 88.214 89.209 88.924 500 μg/m3

Timiş 24 h 39.321 39.508 39.456 150 μg/m3

Timiş Pb year 0.005364 - 0.005364 0,5 μg/m3

Timiş As year 0.863115 - 0.863891 6 ng/m3

Timiş Cd year 0.180990 0.180992 0.182240 5 ng/m3

Timiş Ni year 0.712847 0.712859 0.725941 20 ng/m3

Timiş PAH year 1.488290 1.488962 1.488455 - ng/m3

Timiş Benzo(a)piren year 0.703923 0.703930 0.698750 1 ng/m3

Vâlcea NO2

1 h 25.235 25.381 25.334 200 μg/m3

Vâlcea year 11.021 11.025 11.024 40 μg/m3

Vâlcea NOx year 13.959 13.966 13.964 30 μg/m3

Vâlcea

SO2

1 h 104.212 104.213 104.221 350 μg/m3

Vâlcea 24 h 54.393 54.394 54.397 125 μg/m3

Vâlcea year 8.777 8.777 8.778 20 μg/m3

Vâlcea CO 8 h 210.843 211.019 210.988 10000 μg/m3

Vâlcea PM10

24 h 28.728 28.739 28.740 50 μg/m3

Vâlcea year 23.381 23.385 23.385 40 μg/m3

Vâlcea TSP

30 min 50.409 51.424 51.149 500 μg/m3

Vâlcea 24 h 39.511 39.679 39.631 150 μg/m3

Vâlcea Pb year 0.005438 - 0.005438 0,5 μg/m3

Vâlcea As year 0.865792 - 0.866807 6 ng/m3

Vâlcea Cd year 0.185230 0.185232 0.187116 5 ng/m3

Vâlcea Ni year 0.648505 0.648522 0.660709 20 ng/m3

Vâlcea PAH year 3.829147 3.829970 3.829363 - ng/m3

Vâlcea Benzo(a)piren year 0.727331 0.727340 0.698352 1 ng/m3

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Construction phase

Comparing the values for the existing situation of the air quality with the values of concentrations for the cumulate impact of the existing emission sources and of the sources afferent to the construction phase of both projects it can be observed the fact that, the biggest differences between these two evaluation scenarios of the air quality are recorded for each pollutant at the level of Hunedoara County for Certej Project and Alba County for Rosia Montana Project. Furthermore, comparing those 2 distribution maps of the maximum concentration values of each pollutant and averaging time (left – existing situation (background concentrations) right – the cumulate impact of the existing emission sources and of the sources afferent to both Projects) it can be observed the fact that, the aria of impact of each project is limited to its sitting area and its next proximity area, the impact being situated within the perimeter marked on maps as representing the spatial domain delimited by the calculation grid used for local scale analyze of the exclusive impact of the respective Project.

At the level of Hunedoara County, where the impact afferent to the mining activities takes place/occurs, the maximum concentrations obtained through cumulate impact of both projects and of the existing emission sources are situated below the limit values / target values for all analyzed pollutants and averaging times, besides one single low exceeding of the limit values corresponding to the annual average concentration of SO2, but this exceeding cannot be attributed to the contribution of the Projects.

The contribution of both project to the impact against air quality during the construction phase at the level of this county is expressed as a percentage of the limit / target value of the difference between maxim value of concentration for a certain pollutant and the averaging time in case of cumulate impact and the maximum concentration value of the same pollutant and the averaging time in case of the existing situation, and it is in general reduced or even insignificant. This figure can be at most 23.9 % of the maximum concentration on 30 minutes of TSP and 5 % of the average annual concentration of NOx, or 2.5 % of the average annul concentration of PM10.

Operation phase

Comparing the values for the existing situation of the air quality with the values of concentrations for the cumulate impact of the existing emission sources and of the sources afferent to the operation phase of both projects it can be observed the fact that, the differences between these two evaluation scenarios of the air quality are recorded for each pollutant at the level of Hunedoara County and Alba County, and it proves that the maximum impact areas of the Projects are located on the territory of Hunedoara County – for Certej and on the territory of Alba – for Rosia Montana. Furthermore, comparing those 2 distribution maps of the maximum concentration values of each pollutant and averaging time in case of each project (left – existing situation (background concentrations) right – the cumulate impact of the existing emission sources

______________________________________________________________________________________



and of the sources afferent to both Projects) it can be observed the fact that, the aria of impact of each project is limited to its sitting area and its next proximity area, the impact being situated within the perimeter marked on maps as representing the spatial domain delimited by the calculation grid used for local scale analyze of the exclusive impact of the respective Project.

At the level of Hunedoara County, where the impact of Certej mining activities takes place/occurs, the maximum concentrations obtained through cumulate impact of both projects and of the emission sources are situated below the limit values / target values for all analyzed pollutants and averaging times, besides one single low exceeding of the limit values corresponding to the annual average concentration of SO2, but this exceeding cannot be attributed to the contribution of the Projects.

The contribution of both project to the impact against air quality during the operation phase at the level of this county is in general reduced and it is expressed as a percentage of the limit / target value of the difference between maxim value of concentration for a certain pollutant and the averaging time in case of cumulate impact and the maximum concentration value for the same pollutant and the averaging time in case of the existing situation. This figure can be at most 61.5 % for the annual average concentration of As, and 28 % for annual average concentration of Cd, or 23.7 % for annual average concentration of Ni. In case of TSP, the contribution of the emission sources afferent to both Projects to the air quality impact can rich 16.2 % of the limit value for the maximum concentration in 30 minutes, in case of the annual average concentration of NOx this can has a value of 14.3 %, and in case of annual average concentration of PM10 this can be of maximum 10.4 %.

Taking into consideration that, during the closure phase of both projects the emission inventories have revealed lower values of the total emissions comparing with the construction phase or, operation phase, as well as, the fact that the modelling scenarios selected for those two phases have revealed low contribution of both Projects to the impact against air quality, it was not considered as being necessary to analyse the cumulate impact against the air quality of the existing sources and of the emission sources afferent to the closure phases of both Certej and Rosia Montana Projects.

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5 References

1. S.C. DEVA GOLD S.A. – Report to EIA study;

2. S.C. ROŞIA MONTANĂ GOLD CORPORATION S.A. - Re la port to EIA study;

3. S.C. DEVA GOLD S.A. – Report about cumulate impact and Trans boundary impact against air quality of Roşia Montană and Certej Projects;

4. Emergency Government Decision (OUG) no. 195/2005 about environmental protection approved with subsequent completions and amendments by Law 265/2006 with subsequent completions and amendments;

5. Order no. 860/2002 about the approval of the EIA procedure and the release of the environmental permit with further completions;

6. Order no. 863/2002 of MAPM about the approval of the methodological guides applicable to the frame procedure for evaluation of the impact against the environment;

7. Government Decision (HG) no. 1213/2006 about the establish of the frame procedure for the evaluation of the impact against the environment of certain public and private projects;

8. OUG no. 152/2005 about the prevention and integrate control of pollution approved with subsequent modifications and completions by Law no. 84/2006 and modified by OUG no. 40/2010 (Annex 1, pct. 1.1);

9. HG no. 440/2010 about some measures for the limitation of emissions in air of certain pollutants originating from the burning installations (Art. 3);

10. Order no. 712/2003 for the approval of the Guide about the elaboration of the programme of drastic reduction of annual emissions of sulphur dioxide, nitrate oxide and particles/ dust streaming from large burning installation

11. Order 199/2003 for the approval of the Guide about the elaboration of the programme of progressive reduction of annual emissions of sulphur dioxide, nitrate oxides and particles/ dust streaming form large burning installations;

12. Order MAPM no. 592/25.06.2002 about the approval of the Regulations about the establish of the limit values, threshold values and of the criteria

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and methods of evaluation of sulphur dioxide, nitrate dioxide and nitrate oxide, particulates in suspension (PM10 and PM2,5), lead, benzene, carbon monoxide and ozone in ambient air, completed with Ministry Order of Environmental Protection and Waters No. 27/2007;

13. Order 448/2007 about the approval of he Regulations about evaluation of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel and PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) in ambient air ;

14. Order MAPM no. 745/30.08.2002 about the establish of the agglomerations and classification of the agglomerations and of the zones for the evaluation of the air quality in Romania;

15. Order 1267/2008 about the approval of the classification of localities on the lists of the Region 4, as per Order of Ministry of Waters and Environmental Protection No. 745/2002 about the establish of the agglomerations and classification of the agglomerations and of the zones for the evaluation of the air quality in Romania;

16. Order 1523/2008 for the classification of the vehicles which perform international transportation of goods into categories of pollution and safety of circulation;

17. BREF „Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control, Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for Large Combustion Plants, July 2006„;

18. Methodology US EPA/AP-42 (Air CHIEF – The fifth edition, updated in 2007);

19. Methodology EEA/EMEP/CORINAIR (last version, 2009) („EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook - 2009‖);

20. Programme: COPERT IV and the technical specifications for some type of equipments, for the pollutants generated by vehicles;

21. Reporting- LCP of Romania for year 2008 "RO_LCP_AnnexVIIIB_Art15.3";

22. Reporting - NEC of Romania in December 2009;

23. Reporting - CLRTAP/EMEP of Romania in February 2010;

24. „Evaluation of air quality by modelling of dispersion of air pollutants and investigation of <hot spots >‖ S.C. WESTAGEM s.r.l. Contract no. 8623/12.10.2009, Contracting Authority – Minister of Environment;

25. „Evaluation of air quality in regions: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, for year 2007, by modelling of dispersion of air pollutants, including investigation of <hot spots>, as concern the air quality, in the purpose to put in evidence the contribution of the major pollution sources‖ S.C. WESTAGEM s.r.l.

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Contract no. 8623/12.10.2009 Contract no. 3236 AK/26.08.2008, Contracting Authority – Ministry of Environment and Sustain Development ;

26. The European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register http://prtr.ec.europa.eu/MapSearch.aspx;

27. Corine Land Cover 2006 http://etc-lusi.eionet.europa.eu/CLC2006/;

28. European protected areas — ―Natura 2000‖ interactive map http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/biodiversity/interactive/natura2000gis.

http://prtr.ec.europa.eu/MapSearch.aspx

http://etc-lusi.eionet.europa.eu/CLC2006/

http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/biodiversity/interactive/natura2000gis

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ANNEX A

Pollution maps

Existing situation

SUB-ANNEX A.1

Background concentrations from regional scale to meso-scale

______________________________________________________________________________________



SUB-ANNEX A.1

Background concentrations within Certej Project area

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ANNEX B

Pollution maps

Cumulate impact against air quality generated by the existing sources and afferent sources of Certej Project

SUB-ANNEX B.1

Construction phase

______________________________________________________________________________________



SUB-ANNEX B.2

Operation phase

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ANNEX C

Pollution maps

Cumulate impact against air quality generated by the existing sources and sources afferent to Certej and

Roşia Montană Projects

SUB-ANNEX C.1

Construction phase

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SUB-ANNEX C.2

Operation phase

amendments to the report to the environmental impact ...arpmtm.anpm.ro/files/arpm...

Documents