American Chemical Society

DIVISION OF THE HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY

NEWSLETTER, PROGRAM & ABSTRACTS

244th ACS National Meeting Philadelphia, PA

August 19-23, 2012

S. C. Rasmussen, Program Chair

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DIVISION OF THE HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY

Chair: E. Thomas Strom Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at Arlington P. O. Box 19065 Arlington, TX 76019-0065 Phone: (817) 272-5441 Fax: (817) 272-3808 Email: tomstrom@juno.com

Chair-Elect: Ned D. Heindel Lehigh University Department of Chemistry Seeley G. Mudd Lab Bethlehem, PA. 18015 Phone: (610) 758-3464 Fax: (610) 758-3461 Email: ndh0@lehigh.edu

Past Chair: Janan M. Hayes Merced College (retired) 6829 Barbara Lee Circle Sacramento, CA 95842 Phone: (916) 331-6886 Email: janan.hayes@yahoo.com

Secretary-Treasurer: Vera V. Mainz 2709 Holcomb Drive Urbana, IL 61802 Phone: (217) 328-6158 Email: mainz@illinois.edu

Program Chair: Seth C. Rasmussen Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry North Dakota State University NDSU Dept. 2735, P.O Box 6050 Fargo, ND 58108-6050 Phone: (701) 231-8747 Fax: (701) 231-8831 Email: seth.rasmussen@ndsu.edu

Bulletin Editor: Carmen J. Giunta Le Moyne College 1419 Salt Springs Rd. Syracuse, NY 13214-1399 Phone: (315) 445-4128 Fax: (315) 445-4540 Email: giunta@lemoyne.edu

Councilor: Mary Virginia Orna Department of Chemistry College of New Rochelle New Rochelle, NY 10805 Phone: (914) 654-5302 Fax: (914) 654-5387 Email: mvorna@cnr.edu

Councilor: Roger A. Egolf Pennsylvania State University - Lehigh Valley Campus, 8380 Mohr Lane Fogelsville, PA 18051-9999 Phone: (610) 285-5110 Fax: (610) 285-5220 Email: rae4@psu.edu

Alternate Councilor: Joe Jeffers Ouachita Baptist University 410 Ouachita Street, Box 3786 Arkadelphia, AR 71998-0001 Phone: (870) 245-5216 Fax: (870) 245-5241 Email: jeffers@obu.edu

Alternate Councilor: Arthur Greenberg Department of Chemistry University of New Hampshire Parsons Hall Durham, New Hampshire 03824 Phone: 603 862-1180 Fax: 603 862-4278 Email: art.greenberg@unh.edu

Historian: Gary Patterson Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Phone: (412) 268-3324 Fax: (412) 268-1061 Email: gp9a@andrew.cmu.edu

Archivist: John Sharkey Pace University Department of Chemistry & Physical Sciences One Pace Plaza New York, NY 10038-1502 Phone: (610) 758-3582 Email: jsharkey@pace.edu

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Mission Statement The Division of the History of Chemistry (HIST - http://www.scs.illinois.edu/~mainzv/HIST/) of the American Chemical Society (ACS) seeks to advance knowledge and appreciation of the history of the chemical sciences among chemists, students, historians of science, and the broader public by

Encouraging research and scholarship in history of the chemical sciences; Providing a welcoming environment for the discussion of history of chemistry in a variety of

venues, particularly in symposia at national ACS meetings; Serving as a resource for chemical scientists in general, and members of the ACS in particular, who

seek to understand the roots of their discipline, sub-discipline, or interdisciplinary subject; Recognizing major achievements from the past in the chemical sciences and the individuals who

made those achievements; Publishing a scholarly journal in history of chemistry; Interacting with other organizations interested in the history of science; and Adding value to the ACS by helping it achieve its vision and missions.

HIST Elections Move to On-line Voting This Fall HIST elections this fall will be electronic for those division members who have email addresses

registered with the ACS. The current plan is to post all election materials on the HIST website (http://www.scs.illinois.edu/~mainzv/HIST/). An email will be sent out when the election starts, which will direct members to an on-line form that will allow the votes to be tallied in a spreadsheet. Those members without email addresses will be sent a traditional paper ballot via USPS. Anyone who has any problems or concerns with this procedure, or any suggestions for improvement, should contact the HIST Secretary/Treasurer, Vera Mainz at mainz@illinois.edu.

HIST Award Endowment/HIST Award Nominations

We are pleased to announce that the HIST Award for Outstanding Achievement in the History of Chemistry, formerly known as the Dexter Award and then the Edelstein Award, is well on its way to having an endowment. A member of HIST is making a generous donation of $30,000 over a three year period to fund such an endowment. Your HIST Executive Committee has agreed to match these contributions. The first contribution of $10,000 has already been received and matched. After three years, the HIST Award should have an endowment of $60,000. Your Executive Committee also invites HIST members to make additional tax-deductible contributions to accelerate the growth of this endowment. Such contributions can be made by sending a check made out to HIST to our Secretary-Treasurer Vera Mainz (2709 Holcomb Drive, Urbana, IL 61802) and note that the check is for the award endowment.

Nominations for the 2012 HIST Award should be sent to the Awards Chair, Professor Joseph B. Lambert, Research Professor of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, One Trinity Place, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX 78212-7200. Nominations can also be submitted online to jlambert@northwestern.edu. Professor Lambert’s phone number is 210-999-8061. Other members of the Awards Committee are Drs. Anthony Travis and Jim Marshall. The deadline for nominations is Dec. 31, 2012.

This award recognizes an outstanding career of contributions to the history of chemistry. The winner will receive a monetary award and a plaque. This award is international in scope and will be presented at the Fall, 2013, ACS National Meeting. Past winners of the award are listed on the HIST website. We urge you members to nominate chemical historians of distinction for this important award.

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Message from Tom Strom, HIST Division Chair Time passes quickly when you’re having fun, so it’s hard to realize that I have

just five months remaining as your Chair. After that time I pass the torch to the new Chair, Ned Heindel. Since Ned is also the Chair of the HIST nominations committee, don’t forget to send Ned (ndh0@lehigh.edu) your suggestions for officer nominees. My prime impression over these past years is what a dedicated and sharp group of officers you have! I’ll exclude myself from that praise, but all of the rest of the Executive Committee are top notch. HIST is fortunate to have them.

You will have already read about two big changes this year: the move to online voting in our elections and the development of an endowment fund for our HIST award. I hope that online voting will result in greater participation in our elections, while the endowment fund will bring needed stability to our award.

All divisions get a divisional report card this time of year, and it’s interesting to see what our HIST report card tells us. The main metrics over the last six years are members attending national meetings, HIST papers presented at national meetings, total membership of HIST, and year-end financial balances. There’s not too much to be learned from the first two items, because attendance and paper presentation are so influenced by the location and expense of the national meeting. East coast meetings tend to draw better and are less expensive. HIST membership seemed to hit a low in 2009 and has been increasing since. Our year-end balance had been steadily improving over the past six years with the exception of a glitch in 2009. There was a large improvement in finances between 2010 and 2011. That is what has allowed us to match the generous contributions of the HIST Award donor, so that we will have a healthy endowment in just three years.

So far as publications coming out of HIST, last spring saw the launch of the Springerbriefs History of Chemistry series. These are books running from 50-120 pages, which are comparatively inexpensive. HIST members Gary Patterson, Mary Virginia Orna, David Lewis, Seth Rasmussen, and Alan Rocke are among the initial authors. The ACS Symposium Book “100+ Years of Plastics. Leo Baekeland and Beyond”, edited by E. Thomas Strom and Seth Rasmussen, was published in hard cover April of this year. Last year’s symposium on “Pioneers of Quantum Chemistry,” edited by E. Thomas Strom and Angela Wilson, is in the process of being published as an ACS Symposium Book. The e-book may possibly appear this year with the hard cover to follow.

The new 2012 HIST Fellows of whom I am aware at this time are Vera Mainz, Alan Rocke, Arnold Thackray, Jan Hayes, Lawrence Barton, and Joe Lambert. There may be others as well.

There are three items I’ve harped about at various times over the past two years: the need for more contributed papers at HIST sessions; the need to archive local section newsletters and/or minutes; and the need to have more histories available of university chemistry departments. So far as the last two items, if HIST people don’t do them, who else would think of doing it? Let me discuss these three items one last time.

Topical symposia are a big draw, no one can deny that; but contributed papers can bring in unusual topics that no one had realized before were interesting. I decided to put my money where my mouth was and to deliver a contributed paper in Philadelphia. Would you believe there are just four contributed papers at this meeting? I have the “prime” position of the first paper on Sunday. I suppose the presence of several symposia, two running a full day, probably soaked up authors who would have presented contributed papers. Ideally I would like see from eight to twelve contributed papers at each ACS meeting.

Local sections have a history, but no one will ever write about it if there are no archives. Archiving section newsletters online with a keyword searchable format is one way to go. In the past I have talked about the efforts that Jim Marshall and I have made with the help of University of North Texas library staff person Hannah Tarver to put the regional ACS publication of the Dallas-Fort Worth section, The Southwest Retort, online. At present the predecessor of The Retort from 1944-1948, The Activator, is online as are

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the 1948-1956 issues of The Southwest Retort. Hannah is continuing to scan newer volumes to put them online. To see how this looks, link to http://digital.library.unt.edu/search/. After linking, hit “Basic Search UNT Digital Library” and type in either The Southwest Retort or The Activator. The search will bring the magazines up in a random manner, but you can hit “facets” on the left to limit your search to DFW ACS publications and then hit “Sort by” to put the results in chronological order. You can read any issue of the magazine that is online, and you can key word search.

Chemical department histories shouldn’t be limited to just the top twenty-five. In the last newsletter I told of a history of the University of Texas at Arlington Chemistry Department written by retired faculty member Dr. Thomas J. Cogdell. This history covers the years 1895-1995. This is a fine example of a departmental history. It is now available online for those of you who might want to use it as a model in writing the history of your department. Just search for www.uta.edu. When you get to the UT-Arlington home page, search for University Library. Then go to Library Services, followed by Collections. Next highlight Research Commons. Hit Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Cogdell volume will come up as a pdf file.

I trust many of you are coming to the Philadelphia meeting. Remember that the Chemical Heritage Foundation (CHF) is located in Philadelphia. CHF is a marvelous repository of chemical information. We all are invited to a function there on the Tuesday evening of the meeting. I hope to see many of you at CHF.

It has been a privilege serving you as Chair of HIST. I plan to remain active in HIST, and I hope all of you will maintain and even increase your HIST activities in the years to come. E. Thomas (Tom) Strom, HIST Chair Report of Councilors, Division of the History of Chemistry ACS National Meeting, San Diego, CA; March 25 - 29, 2012

Election Results The Committee on Nominations and Elections presented to the Council the following nominees for

selection as candidates for President-Elect, 2013: Thomas J. Barton, Luis A. Echegoyen, William A. Lester, Jr., and Barry M. Trost. By electronic ballot, the Council selected Thomas J. Barton and Luis A. Echegoyen as candidates for 2013 President-Elect. These two candidates, along with any candidates selected via petitions, will stand for election in the Fall National Election.

The Committee on Nominations and Elections announced the results of the election to select candidates from the list of nominees to represent District I and District V on the Board of Directors for the term 2013-2015. Nominees for District I included Barbara J. Garrison, Thomas R. Gilbert, Neil D. Jespersen, and Julianne M. D. Smist. Nominees for District V included John E. Adams, Frank D. Blum, Peter K. Dorhout, and Frankie K. Wood-Black. By mail ballot, the Councilors from these districts selected Thomas R. Gilbert and Neil D. Jespersen as District I candidates; and John E. Adams and Peter K. Dorhout as District V candidates. Ballots will be mailed on or before October 10 to all members in District I and District V for election of a Director from each District.

Candidates for Directors-at-Large The Committee on Nominations and Elections announced the selection of the following candidates for

Directors-at-Large for a 2013-2015 term: Carol A. Duane, Valerie J. Kuck, Helen (Bonnie) A. Lawlor, and Ingrid Montes. The election of two Directors-at-Large will be conducted in the fall. Ballots will be mailed to the Council on or before October 10.

Committee Review As part of a regular performance review, the Council VOTED to continue the Committee on Project

SEED. The Committee on Project SEED sets policy for all Project SEED programs, including review

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of Project SEED I and II program applications for student research projects, funding decisions, and Project SEED college scholarship applications.

The Society’s Finances Despite the sluggish economy, ACS generated strong operating results in 2011. Total revenue was

$472.0 million, up +1.8% over 2010. The Net from Operations was $20.9 million, or $7.7 million favorable to budget. This result was attributable to better-than-expected performance by the ACS Publications Division and careful expense management across the Society. While operating results were favorable, Unrestricted Net Assets declined from $130.5 million to $102 million. The decline was primarily due to a sizable accounting charge related to the Society’s closed postretirement benefit plans. ACS ended the year in compliance with four of the five Board-established financial guidelines.

2013 Member Dues The Council VOTED to set the member dues for 2013 at the fully escalated rate of $151. This rate is

established pursuant to an inflation-adjustment formula in the ACS Constitution and Bylaws.

Petitions to Amend the Constitution and Bylaws The Council took action on two amendments (petitions) to the ACS Constitution and Bylaws: The

Petition to Amend Recorded Vote Request Procedure and the Petition on Market Data Collection. The Council VOTED overwhelmingly to approve both petitions. The Petition to Amend Recorded Vote Request Procedure provides that a call for a recorded vote after a clicker vote has commenced will be out of order, as would a call for a recorded vote after the initial clicker voting has taken place. The Petition on Market Data Collection seeks to add a provision to allow for controlled market testing to collect data before the Society changes benefits, dues, or membership categories. The Board of Directors will vote within 90 days on whether to ratify the approved petitions.

The Council received two petitions for consideration: The Petition on Candidate Comment in C&EN and the Petition on International Chemical Sciences Chapters Funds. The Petition on Candidate Comment in C&EN seeks to restrict candidates for election to the Board of Directors from publishing comments in C&EN for a six-month period prior to the mailing of the election ballot. The Petition on International Chemical Sciences Chapters Funds seeks to clarify that the Board of Directors may allocate funds to international chapters for specific purposes. The Council is expected to act on these two petitions at the fall Council meeting.

Member Statistics Membership recruitment and retention efforts were very successful last year. The Society ended 2011

with 164,215 members – the highest number in Society history. 24,249 new members were elected into the Society – 16,092 Regular Members and 8,157 Undergraduate Members. However, it was also reported at the same time that there was an attrition rate of about 23,000 members, leaving a net gain of about 1,000 members. The Membership Affairs Committee hopes to address the reasons for the attrition by the market data method and other means.

Attendance Report As of March 28, 2012, the ACS spring national meeting had attracted 16,921 registrants including

8,974 regular attendees and 5,742 students.

Chemical Professional’s Code of Conduct The Council VOTED to approve the Chemical Professional’s Code of Conduct as submitted by the

Committee on Economic and Professional Affairs. This document offers guidance for Society members in various professional dealings, especially those involving conflicts of interest.

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Special Discussion Item A special discussion item was put on the Council agenda for this meeting. ACS President Bassam

Shakhashiri presented and moderated a discussion on “What is your reaction to the proposed topics for the ACS Climate Science Tookkit?” President Shakhashiri’s working group on ACS Climate Science has developed a preliminary web-based toolkit that ACS members can use as a resource for understanding and communicating basic climate science. Following the presentation, Councilors engaged in a robust discussion on the proposed toolkit, and offered numerous suggestions for consideration.

ACS vs. Leadscope Litigation The General Counsel report included a briefing on the ACS vs. Leadscope litigation. As previously

reported, ACS has appealed to the Ohio Supreme Court, and the Court agreed to hear the case. Briefs have been filed in support of our position by several prestigious organizations, including the Ohio Attorney General, the Ohio Chamber of Commerce, the Ohio Manufacturers’ Association and the Ohio State Bar Association. On September 7, the Supreme Court heard oral arguments in the case, and a link to the arguments can be found on acs.org. A ruling has not been issued but could come at any time. A more detailed report appears in the most recent edition of the Councilor Bulletin. Please contact the Office of the Secretary if you would like a copy.

Other Society Business The Board welcomed and received reports from several international guests representing the following

scientific societies: the Canadian Society for Chemistry, the German Chemical Society, the Hungarian Chemical Society, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, the Mexican Chemical Society, and the Royal Society of Chemistry.

The Board held a lively, well-attended open session which featured a special forum on “The Future of Graduate Education and Research in the Chemical Sciences.” Members attending this standing-room only session received an overview and update from the chair and executive director of the ACS Presidential Commission on Graduate Education in the Chemical Sciences. The commission is addressing two major questions: “What are the purposes of graduate education in the chemical sciences?” and “What steps should be taken to ensure that important societal issues, as well as the needs and aspirations of students, are addressed in graduate school?” Members discussed how the Society might offer greater assistance on this very important and timely topic.

Additional Information The Society Committee on Education supported the recommendations from a task force to create a

stand-alone association for high school teachers housed within ACS, supported by professional staff and governed by a volunteer board of association members.

The following is a list of URLs and email addresses presented on slides at the Council meeting. Members may find the information noted on these sites helpful.

Safety: safety@acs.org – email address for sharing ideas on “How can ACS best cultivate a culture of

safety in US universities and colleges?” www.acs.org/safety - information on the Committee on Chemical Safety including “Creating

Safety Cultures in Academic Institutions”

Employment/Careers: www.acs.org/careers - information on ACS career resources www.acs.org/ei - information on the ACS Entrepreneurial Initiative (Training and Resources)

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Local Section Resources: www.acs.org/getinvolved : grant information, important deadlines, officer resources www.acs.org/forms: submit annual reports, record meetings, activities and events year round speakers@acs.org: nominate speakers for the Online Speaker Directory

Other: www.acs.org/strategicplan - information on the new ACS Strategic Plan for 2012 and Beyond www.acs.org/bulletin5: location of the Society’s governing documents and unit bylaws, and

information on the petition process to amend the Society’s governing documents bylaws@acs.org: email address for questions to the Committee on Constitution and Bylaws www.acs.org/climatescience: information on the Climate Science Toolkit

Activities of HIST Councilors Mary Virginia Orna – continues in the second year of her second three-year term as a member of the Council Policy Committee (CPC). She is also a member of CPC’s Long-Range Planning Subcommittee and CPC’s Subcommittee on Constitution and Bylaws. She has also participated in the planning and implementation of the New Councilor Mentor Program and the New Councilor Orientation Program. Roger Egolf – continues as a member of the Divisional Activities Committee (DAC) and its Annual Reports Subcommittee and serves as liaison from DAC to the Membership Affairs Committee and to HIST. Mary Virginia Orna, Roger A. Egolf, Councilors CHF Event at Philadelphia Meeting

Chemical Heritage Foundation (CHF) will be hosting a HIST Dinner at during the Fall National Meeting in Philadelphia. The event will be Tuesday Evening (August 21st, 2012), starting at 6:30pm with light refreshments and tours, followed by dinner. The cost for the evening is $30. Those interested in attending, please respond to Gary Patterson (gp9a@andrew.cmu.edu) no later than August 1, 2012.

The evening will include access to the spectacular new exhibit space, the art collection and the Library main room. Many members of HIST are associated with the CHF and will be there to conduct tours.

The aperitif, beverages and food are restricted to the mezzanine space overlooking the exhibit space. Dinner will be served when we are ready. It will be based on cold or room temperature offerings. To keep the price down, wine will not be served, but a few bottles will appear when we need them for those who wish them.

HIST Reaching New Communities via Facebook As outlined in the last couple of newsletters, ACS HIST maintains a Facebook page to promote upcoming Division activities and to establish connections with those interested in the history of chemistry. To date, the community following the Facebook page has grown to 50 official 'likes', as well as a much larger number of visitors stopping by to check out the page. According to Facebook statistics, we are reaching an additional 13,821 Facebook users via our 50 official 'likes'. The majority of those reached via Facebook are younger people in their 20s and 30s, most of which are not HIST or even ACS members. In addition, over half of the official 'likes' are coming from various international communities (18 different countries) without traditional access to activities of the division. The hope is to continue using this page to reach those outside of HIST, as well as allowing a venue for HIST members to share their views and discuss topics in the history of chemistry, without being limited by the timing and locations of national and local ACS conferences. The Facebook page can be found at

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http://www.facebook.com/#!/pages/ACS-Division-of-the-History-of-Chemistry-HIST/152326921497559 or by searching 'HIST' in the Facebook search bar. Check it out, 'Like' the page, and post your thoughts on the Division or any aspect of the history of chemistry! Springer Briefs in Molecular Science: History of Chemistry Seeks New Authors Following the official launch of this new book series, the first four volumes have now been published and are available in softcover or ebook formats. Additional volumes are in production and will also be available in the coming months. In our efforts to sustain and expand this series, new authors are been sought for potential new volumes. Volumes are 50-125 pages in length, presenting concise summaries of historical topics covering all aspects of chemistry, alchemy, and chemical technology. Authors interested in discussing potential topics should feel free to contact Series Editor, Seth Rasmussen (seth.rasmussen@ndsu.edu). For more detailed information on the new series and available volumes, please visit http://www.springer.com/series/10127. Seth C. Rasmussen, Series Editor Message from the HIST Program Chair Yes, it is still me and you haven't gotten rid of me yet. Although I am now finishing my fourth year as Program Chair, I continue to learn new and interesting aspects of programming within the guidelines of ACS. Just recently, I found out the following little gem: "If a division does not have a poster session, they may present up to 20 papers or the equivalent of ten percent of its total oral papers, whichever is greater, in poster format at Sci-Mix." What this means is that due to the fact that HIST does not normally have any poster sessions, we are allowed to have up to 20 presenters give poster presentations as a part of SciMix without the need of giving a corresponding talk in one of our normal oral sessions! This opens up additional programming options for HIST members and such posters could be an excellent way to present research not yet complete enough for a full oral presentation, or better yet, could be a more comfortable option for student members wishing to contribute to HIST programming (Yes, that last bit was part of my on-going soap-box of getting more students involved in the division). For those that would like to give such a poster in SciMix without a corresponding oral presentation, please submit your abstract to General Papers and denote it as a poster presentation. I will then take care of the rest of the details. As I have said in the past, I would really like to see us more visible in our contributions to SciMix, as this is often the best way for us to show the rest of ACS what HIST is all about. After all, I have yet to present a HIST poster in SciMix without at least one attendee saying to me "I didn't even know that ACS had a division of the History of Chemistry!". As both as HIST Program Chair and member of the ACS PACS Advisory Board, I have continued to address difficulties with the PACS abstract submission process that acts as a barrier for some to contribute talks to HIST programming. As I mentioned in the last newsletter, a clear and step-by-step guide for submitting abstracts is now available to help overcome to this issue. This guide has been updated since the last national meeting and the most current version is available either via a link at the Forthcoming HIST Symposia and Meetings page of the HIST website or at the following URL of the ACS webpage: http://portal.acs.org/portal/PublicWebSite/membership/td/abstractsubmission/CNBP_028527. If you have any difficulties submitting an abstract or would like me to email you a copy of the guide, please do not hesitate to send me an email (seth.rasmussen@ndsu.edu). The programming for Philadelphia is some of the strongest we have had in a while and it looks to be a great meeting for HIST. However, as Tom mentioned above, the number of General Papers is down. Even

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more critical in my view is that fact that we were unable to find anyone to present a tutorial for Philadelphia as part of our new HIST Tutorial Series. For the last three meetings we have started our General Papers session with such a tutorial in order to provide an educational review to bring HIST members and the general ACS community up to speed on a historical topic of general interest. An additional aim is to tie these presentations into the ACS thematic programming if possible. As such, we are still looking for speakers to give tutorials relating to the Chemistry of Energy & Food in New Orleans or Chemistry in Motion for Indianapolis. If you are willing to give a tutorial or if there is a topic you would like to see added to the series, please let me know. As always, please feel free to share your thoughts and suggestions with me concerning any aspect of HIST and its programming (seth.rasmussen@ndsu.edu). Seth C. Rasmussen, HIST Program Chair HIST SYMPOSIA, 244th ACS Meeting in Philadelphia, PA, August 19-23, 2012 Schedules and abstracts are listed at the end of this Newsletter. Edgar F. Smith: Bibliophile, Author, Founder. Dedicated to the late James J. Bohning, this symposium highlighting the life of the founder of HIST will begin with a presentation by Mary Ellen Bowden on Jim Bohning and his contributions to chemistry and history. Six additional presentations will then follow on various aspects of E. F. Smith's life. This symposium is cosponsored by the Bolton Society of Chemical Heritage Foundation. The symposium will be Sunday afternoon, August 19, at the Sheraton Philadelphia City Center - Salons 5/6. N. D. Heindel, Organizer

Celebrating the Sesquicentennial of the Land Grant College Act Papers in this symposium will examine the history of the Morrill Land Grant College Acts, both the original act passed in 1862 which paved the way for many public universities and the 2nd Morrill Act of 1890 which funded the establishment of the historically black public universities, mostly across the South. The major focus of the talks presented will be the ways these Acts enabled the study of chemistry by the children of the working and farming classes, and for the 1890 Morrill Act schools, how this funding opened the study of chemistry to African-Americans, a group who had mostly been excluded from our profession. The symposium will be all day Monday, August 20, at the Sheraton Philadelphia City Center - Logans 2. R. A. Egolf, Organizer

Characters in Chemistry Chemistry is more than atoms and molecules; it includes the human element. While the molecules undergo spontaneous processes dictated by their surroundings, it is chemists that determine how the chemical world is perceived and understood by society. This symposium celebrates the human side of chemistry with the personalities of 12 individual scientists and their worlds. Chemists, of course, have appeared in many different human communities. Not all chemists were part of the formal academy, and not all early chemists were male. In addition, characters in chemistry need not be limited to the historical, as literary depictions often have a more profound influence on human culture than merely physical ones. A mix of historians of science and chemist-historians, this symposium attempts to present a variety of scientists as examples of the field's humanity, sharing their lives and achievements, but most critically presenting what it is that makes them memorable characters. The symposium will be all day Tuesday, August 21, at the Sheraton Philadelphia City Center - Logans 2. G. Patterson, Organizer

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Dr. Marie Maynard Daly, Her Life and Legacy Cosponsored by CMA, WCC and CHF Dr. Marie Maynard Daly is the first African American Women to receive a PhD in Chemistry from Columbia University in 1947. In this symposium, the speakers will discuss Dr. Daly's life and legacy, beginning with information about her PhD thesis advisor, Dr. Caldwell who was a Garvan Medalist. Then an in-depth talk about Dr. Daly's life followed by a talk about her research which will be given by a woman who was mentored by Dr. Daly. In the last talk we will talk about her legacy in that she was involved with a grant at Einstein College of Medicine, to increase the number of minority medical students and biochemists. She also sponsored a grant at Queens College in the name of her parents which was for undergraduate minority students who were studying chemistry or biology. We will discuss the results of these grants. The symposium will be Wednesday afternoon, August 22, at the Sheraton Philadelphia City Center - Logans 2. J. Brown, Organizer UPCOMING NATIONAL MEETINGS AND HIST DEADLINES Offerings are subject to change. Check the HIST website (http://www.scs.illinois.edu/~mainzv/HIST/) for updates.

New Orleans, April 7-11, 2013 Submit your abstract via the online ACS Program and Abstract Creation System (PACS) by October 29, 2012. If you do not have access to a computer for use in the submission or are having difficulties in submitting your abstract, contact Seth Rasmussen (seth.rasmussen@ndsu.edu). Check the call for papers in Chemical and Engineering News or www.acs.org for changes in the abstract deadlines.

HIST Tutorial and General Papers. (Seeking contributors) Seth C. Rasmussen, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, NDSU Dept. 2735, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, Phone: (701) 231-8747, Email: seth.rasmussen@ndsu.edu

12th Archaeological Chemistry Symposium. (Invited and seeking contributors) Ruth Ann Armitage, Department of Chemistry, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, Phone: (734) 487-0290, Email: rarmitage@emich.edu; James Burton, Department of Anthropology, 1180 Observatory Dr., University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706. Phone: (608) 262- 4505, Email: jhburton@wisc.edu

Science and Legacy of Mary Good (Invited and seeking contributors) Jan Hayes, 6829 Barbara Lee Circle, Sacramento, CA 95842, Phone: (916) 331-6886, Email: janan.hayes@yahoo.com

Graduate Education in Science History. (Invited and seeking contributors) Seth C. Rasmussen, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, NDSU Dept. 2735, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, Phone: (701) 231-8747, Email: seth.rasmussen@ndsu.edu Indianapolis, September 8-12, 2013

HIST Tutorial and General Papers. (Seeking contributors) Seth C. Rasmussen, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, NDSU Dept. 2735, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, Phone: (701) 231-8747, Email: seth.rasmussen@ndsu.edu News from the Chemical Heritage Foundation The Chemical Heritage Foundation (http://www.chemheritage.org/) (CHF) fosters an understanding of chemistry’s impact on society. An independent nonprofit organization, we strive to inspire a passion for chemistry, highlight chemistry’s role in meeting current social challenges, and preserve the story of chemistry across centuries. CHF maintains major collections of instruments, fine art, photographs, papers,

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and books. We host conferences and lectures, support research, offer fellowships, and produce educational materials. Our museum and public programs explore subjects ranging from alchemy to nanotechnology.

Celebrating the Beckman Center’s First 25 Years The year 2012 marks the 25th anniversary of the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Center for the History of

Chemistry at CHF. Home to CHF’s fellowship program, and the heart of academic programming within the organization, the Beckman Center has provided funding for almost 200 fellows working on the history of science, technology, medicine, and industry. Despite its relative youth, the Beckman Center is now the largest source of non–university based fellowships for historians of science in the United States.

Of the many Beckman Centers—centers for science- and medicine-related pursuits funded by the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation—CHF’s Beckman Center is the only one that takes history as its mission. As such, it provides support to scholars whose work addresses the relationships between science and society, focusing on issues of education, politics, and culture. This interdisciplinary work influences humanities scholarship more broadly, but also promises to powerfully and usefully inform the future of science—its ethics, its politics, and its social dimensions.

Alumni of the Beckman Center can be found around the globe. They are active members of an international scholarly community. Among their number, one can find distinguished authors of both popular and academic texts, university professors, teachers at secondary schools, and people involved in policy, journalism, and business. The Beckman Center is proud to have hosted them, plans to celebrate their accomplishments with academic programming throughout 2012, and expects that the next 25 years will be equally dynamic and successful. 2012 Rumford Scholarship in the History of Alchemy or Chemistry: Call for Applications

CHF and the Society for the History of Alchemy and Chemistry (SHAC) are pleased to announce the second Rumford Scholarship. This annual award will enable the Rumford Scholar to travel to Europe in order to undertake original research in the history of chemistry or alchemy in libraries/archives/museum collections using their particular resources. The award may be held in any European country. The value of the award is £2300. Applications are now open and application forms are available from: http://www.chemheritage.org/research/fellowships-and-travel-grants/beckman-center-fellowships/index.aspx#FellowshipsandTravelGrants

Eligibility: Applicants must be either doctoral students or have been awarded a doctorate within three years of 1 January of the year in which the application is submitted. In addition, independent scholars and part-time or adjunct faculty at any point in their academic career are eligible to apply. Applicants must be normally resident in North America.

Outcomes: The scholar will give a talk at CHF about their work shortly after their return. Support to allow the scholar to travel to Philadelphia to do this will be available outside the funding of the scholarship. The scholar must submit a report of not less than 750 or more than 1500 words to CHF and SHAC within three months of carrying out the research, and a statement of account together with receipts. The report will be published in an appropriate form by the two organizations. The support of CHF and SHAC must be acknowledged in any publication arising from the research.

The closing date is 30 May 2012 and the decision will be announced by 30 June 2012. The Scholar must take up the award within nine months of the date of its announcement. SHAC will use its best endeavors to facilitate access to collections, to assist in finding accommodation and to put the scholar in contact with other historians. News from the Society for the History of Alchemy and Chemistry Founded in 1935, the Society for the History of Alchemy and Chemistry (SHAC) has consistently maintained the highest standards of scholarship in all aspects of the history of alchemy and chemistry from

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early times to the present. The Society has a wide international membership of over 200 with members from 28 countries.

New Editor of Ambix The Society for the History of Alchemy and Chemistry (SHAC) is pleased to announce that Dr. Jennifer

Rampling, Wellcome Trust Research Fellow at the University of Cambridge and member of Clare Hall, has been appointed Editor of its journal, Ambix. Dr. Rampling will begin her service as Editor at the beginning of 2013. Dr. Rampling’s research specialism concerns interactions in the medieval and early modern period between alchemy, medicine and natural philosophy.

Dr. Peter Morris, Keeper of Research Projects at the Science Museum, will remain editor during 2012, and then will serve as deputy editor for the next two years. The Council of SHAC thanks Dr. Morris for his exceptional service as Editor of the journal for the past eleven years. Quarterly publication of Ambix

The Society for the History of Alchemy and Chemistry is delighted to announce that, from January 2013, its journal Ambix will be published quarterly. Ambix will be published in February, May, August and November each year.

Ambix has appeared three times a year since 1959; the size and spacing of previous volumes having been disrupted by World War II and its aftermath. The Society’s decision to expand the journal reflects the very good health of the field in recent years, manifested by the number of papers submitted to Ambix, the growth in the number of younger scholars researching topics in the history of alchemy and chemistry, the increase in membership of the Society, and the number of high quality papers being offered to conferences – ranging from the recent ‘Alchemy and Medicine’ meeting in Cambridge, to the forthcoming ‘19th-Century Sites of Chemistry’ conference in Valencia. The expansion will enable Ambix to publish two special issues per year, in addition to the current two regular issues: allowing for more even coverage of the full range of topics and time periods covered by the Society’s remit.

Further information on the expansion will be circulated to all subscribers within the next few weeks. In the meantime, informal queries regarding special issues may be directed to the Editor-elect, Dr. Jennifer Rampling, at jmr82@cam.ac.uk. All other queries regarding submission to the journal should continue to be addressed to the Hon. Editor, Dr. Peter Morris, at Editor@ambix.org.

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Final Program

HIST DIVISION OF THE HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY S. C. Rasmussen, Program Chair

SUNDAY MORNING

Section A Sheraton Philadelphia City Center - Salons 5/6 General Papers S. C. Rasmussen, Organizer J. Jeffers, Presiding 9:30 1. The cyclohexadienyl radical problem and the Whiffen effect: A foreshadowing of the Woodward-

Hoffmann Rules? E. T. Strom

10:00 2. Wilhelm Heintz (1817-1880) and the chemistry of the fatty acids. P. J. Ramberg

10:30 3. Kamlet Laboratories and Miles Laboratories Correspondence, 1941-1945 -A search for Credit. D. F. Martin, B. A. Reiger

11:00 4. A philatelic tribute to Marie Curie. D. Rabinovich

SUNDAY AFTERNOON

Section A Sheraton Philadelphia City Center - Salons 5/6 Chemistry Books Edited by E. F. Smith Cosponsored by Bolton Soc N. Heindel, Organizer, Presiding 1:00 Introductory Remarks.

1:05 5. Jim Bohning: A life in chemistry and history. M. Bowden

1:35 6. Smith: An overview of his life. V. V. Mainz

2:05 7. Edgar Fahs Smith as a book collector. J. L. Sturchio

2:35 Intermission.

2:50 8. Edgar Fahs Smith: Electrochemist. G. D. Patterson

3:20 9. "Beware! A Priestley has entered the land". R. Blatchley

3:50 10. Father of two divisions: Edgar Fahs Smith and the birth of CHED and HIST. R. A. Egolf

4:20 11. Edgar Fahs Smith as biographer and historian. A. Greenberg

SUNDAY EVENING Sheraton Philadelphia City Center - Salon 9 5:00 - 8:00 HIST Executive Committee Meeting

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MONDAY MORNING

Section A Sheraton Philadelphia City Center - Logans 2 Celebrating the Sesquicentennial of the Land Grant College Act Cosponsored by PRES R. Egolf, Organizer, Presiding 9:00 Introductory Remarks.

9:05 19. Thomas Green Clemson, early advocate for applying science to agriculture. D. Eubanks

9:35 13. “No one was killed or seriously hurt in the process,” chemistry during the early days of Michigan State University, the pioneer land-grant university. R. E. Maleczka

10:05 14. Evan Pugh, chemical education, and the fight for Pennsylvania's land grant designation. K. A. Yarmey

10:35 Intermission.

10:50 15. Delaware State University and the second Morrill Act of 1890. A. Goudy

11:20 16. Second Woman ACS Member, Dr. Rachel Lloyd, Met First Woman ACS Member, Rachel Bodley, Before Either Was A Member. M. A. Griep

Future of the History of Chemical Information Sponsored by CINF, Cosponsored by HIST MONDAY AFTERNOON

Section A Sheraton Philadelphia City Center - Logans 2 Celebrating the Sesquicentennial of the Land Grant College Act Cosponsored by PRES R. Egolf, Organizer, Presiding 1:45 Introductory Remarks.

1:50 17. Implementation of the Morrill Act in New Hampshire. P. R. Jones

2:20 18. Education on the prairie: Early history of North Dakota State University. S. C. Rasmussen

2:50 12. Justin Smith Morrill and the Land-Grant College Act of 1862. R. A. Egolf

3:20 Intermission.

3:35 20. University of Illinois and the Morrill act. V. V. Mainz

4:15 21. Relevance of the Morrill Act in current challenges to undergraduate and graduate chemistry programs. J. S. Francisco

MONDAY EVENING

Section A Pennsylvania Convention Center - Hall D Sci-Mix S. C. Rasmussen, Organizer 8:00 - 10:00 4, 6. See previous listings. 30. See subsequent listings.

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TUESDAY MORNING

Section A Sheraton Philadelphia City Center - Logans 2 Characters in Chemistry G. Patterson, Organizer, Presiding 8:00 Introductory Remarks.

8:05 22. Robert Bunsen's sweet tooth: Bunseniana in the Oesper Collections. W. B. Jensen

8:50 23. Who was the real Joseph Black? R. G. Anderson

9:30 24. The Quaker rustic as natural philosopher: John Dalton and his social context. A. J. Rocke

10:10 Intermission.

10:30 25. The chemistry of Lucrezia Borgia, et al. C. L. Cobb

11:00 26. Sir William Crookes (1832-1919). W. H. Brock

11:30 27. It's a gas! Sir Humphrey Davy and his pneumatic investigations. S. C. Rasmussen

TUESDAY AFTERNOON

Section A Sheraton Philadelphia City Center - Logans 2 Characters in Chemistry G. Patterson, Organizer, Presiding 1:30 28. Robert Burns Woodward. Enough said. J. I. Seeman

2:00 29. Fictional characters in chemistry. C. J. Giunta

2:30 30. Egor Egorovich Vagner (1849-1903): A "wondrously shartwitted" chemist. D. E. Lewis

3:00 Intermission.

3:15 31. Martians as chemists and characters. B. Hargittai, I. Hargittai

3:45 32. George Rosenkranz: A full-range "chemical character". J. G. Traynham

4:15 33. Paul John Flory: Physical chemist and humanitarian. G. D. Patterson

WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON

Section A Sheraton Philadelphia City Center - Logans 2 Dr. Marie Maynard Daly, Her Life and Legacy Cosponsored by CHF, CMA, and WCC F. Califano, J. Bryant, Organizers J. Brown, Organizer, Presiding 1:30 Introductory Remarks.

1:35 34. Mary Letitia Caldwell: educator, researcher, model and mentor. J. M. Hayes, P. L. Perez

2:05 36. Dr. Marie Maynard Daly. J. E. Brown

2:35 35. The Scientific Life and Contributions of Marie M. Daly. L. M. Tollin

3:05 37. The Legacy of Dr. Marie Daly. J. E. Brown

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ABSTRACTS

HIST 1 - The cyclohexadienyl radical problem and the Whiffen effect: A foreshadowing of the Woodward-Hoffmann Rules?

E Thomas Strom, tomstrom@juno.com. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0065, United States

While cyclohexadienyl radical may have been unaware that it had a problem, EPR spectroscopists trying to interpret its spectrum certainly did. The radical is a divinyl methyl radical with the ends bridged by a methylene group. The methylene hyperfine splitting (hfs) is nearly twice as large as it ought to be, as calculated by the pi electron theories of the day. In 1963 David Whiffen of the UK National Physics Laboratory pointed out the significance of the sign of the coefficients in the calculation of the hfs, with the necessity of algebraically summing the coefficients before squaring them. He also predicted that the methylene hfs in cyclobutenyl radical ought to be anomalously low. When this radical was made, his prediction was found to be correct. The "Whiffen effect" subsequently explained other examples of anomalous methylene hfs. This demonstration of the huge impact of coefficient sign of the end carbons on the behavior of the frontier molecular orbitals might have provided a clue that coefficient sign could also impact cyclization behavior. HIST 2 - Wilhelm Heintz (1817-1880) and the chemistry of the fatty acids

Peter J. Ramberg, ramberg@truman.edu. School of Science and Mathematics, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO 63501, United States

The nineteenth century German chemist Wilhelm Heintz (1818-1880) studied with Heinrich Rose and Eilhard Mitserlich during in Berlin during the 1840s and as a student was one of the founders of the Berlin Physical Society in 1845. Because of his initial position in a medical school, and inspired by Justus von Liebig, Heintz became interested in physiological chemistry, especially the identification and analysis of compounds found in animal and vegetable fluids. Between 1845 and 1850, he published 26 papers that described novel methods for isolating and identifying components of various animal fluids, especially human urine. After his call to the University of Halle in 1851, Heintz began a project on the analysis of various plant and animal fats, or the “fat kingdom” as he affectionately called it, in which he called into question the assumed purity of well known fatty acids derived from plants and animals. This paper will recount Heintz' career in Berlin and Halle, and discuss his painstaking methods for demonstrating that some well-known fatty acids, presumed for decades to be pure, were in fact mixtures of other known fatty acids. It will also argue that Heintz' work provides an excellent example of how chemists define a unique chemical species. HIST 3 - Kamlet Laboratories and Miles Laboratories Correspondence, 1941-1945 -A search for Credit

Dean F. Martin, dfmartin@usf.edu. Brodie A. Reiger.Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States

We used the Kamlet Papers Collections [cf. Martin, D. F. and B. B. Martin, Florida Scient. 2007, 70 40-44] in the USF Tampa Library Special Collections Department to learn if Dr. Jonas Kamlet received appropriate credit for his idea and his patent for rapid, convenient analysis for glucose in urine and blood involving a pill called “Clinitest”. Jonas Kamlet took the idea to Miles' Walter Compton, MD, who didn't know what to do with it (according to Edna Yanveh Kamlet Rogers, wife of Dr. Kamlet). More recent statements by a former employee of Miles Laboratory claim that the test was “developed by Dr. Compton”(C&EN, 2011, 89(34): 51). It is evident that Dr. Kamlet did not (in our opinion) receive appropriate credit, but available correspondence indicated that it was not an issue with him. The correspondence gives an insight into the role of chemical consultants.

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HIST 4 - A philatelic tribute to Marie Curie

Daniel Rabinovich, drabinov@uncc.edu. Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States

Marie Sklodowska Curie (1867-1934) is undoubtedly one of the most celebrated scientists in history and her contributions to science have been honored in many different ways, from the publication of biographies and production of movies to the names of universities, streets and parks all over the world. Her likeness has appeared on coins, commemorative medals and banknotes and in more than 100 postage stamps from some 60 different countries and territories. This presentation, 145 years after her birth, will feature stamps and other philatelic materials dedicated to highlight various aspects of the life and work of MSC, including the centennial of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry she received in 1911 for the discovery of the elements radium and polonium. HIST 5 - Jim Bohning: A life in chemistry and history

Mary Ellen Bowden, mebowden@chemheritage.org. Chemical Heritage Foundation, Philadelphia, PA 19106, United States

Jim Bohning earned the respect of a wide range of people in the several social and intellectual circles in which he moved— from chemist-historians like himself to professional historians of chemistry; from Nobel Prize-winners and titans of the chemical industry to high school and college students, from editors wanting engaging stories to those demanding scholarly apparatus. Jim was ever generous in sharing his enthusiasms with others and in encouraging them in theirs. By reviewing some of his projects—the what, the why, and the how, we recall his energetic research practices and his dedication to communicating his findings as a raconteur, speaker, and writer. HIST 6 - Smith: An overview of his life

Vera V Mainz, mainz@illinois.edu. Unaffiliated, Urbana, IL 61802, United States

Edgar Fahs Smith was born of German parents in York, Pennsylvania in 1854, and died in 1928. Between those dates he lived an extraordinarily rich life. Smith studied at the University of Göttingen under Wöhler and Hübner, receiving his PhD in chemistry in 1876. His first teaching position was in the Towne Scientific School of the University of Pennsylvania as an assistant in analytical chemistry. Five years later, in 1888, he was appointed to the professorship of analytical chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania. He directed and carried out many scientific investigations upon the methods of electrochemical analysis, on atomic weight determinations, on the rare metals and on the complex salts of inorganic acids. Prof. Smith served as the Provost of the University of Pennsylvania for many years and helped increase both the material and intellectual life of the university. Smith was also a prolific author on many topics. He was involved in many professional activities, including his work with the American Chemical Society. He helped mentor many chemists. All in all, he lived a life to be celebrated. HIST 7 - Edgar Fahs Smith as a book collector

Jeffrey L Sturchio, jeffreysturchio@optonline.net. Global Health Council, United States

One of the world's greatest collection of historical books of chemistry was assembled by Edgar Fahs Smith, chemist and provost of the University of Pennsylvania. How the collection was assembled and its contents will be discussed in this presentation. HIST 8 - Edgar Fahs Smith: Electrochemist

Gary D Patterson, gp9a@andrew.cmu.edu. Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States

Edgar Fahs Smith was one of the most prolific electrochemists in the period 1879-1918. His monograph on “Electro-chemical Analysis” was first published in 1890 and went through 6 editions until 1918. He was a consummate experimentalist and subjected at least 20 metals to electrochemical analysis. He was a master of

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electrochemical separations. His most notable experimental advance was the development of the rotating anode method. And he was a popular thesis advisor and produced more than 30 Ph.Ds in electrochemistry alone, plus at least 30 additional doctorates in inorganic chemistry. Perhaps his most famous student was Joel Hildebrand. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1898. The present paper will survey Smith's contributions to electrochemistry. HIST 9 - "Beware! A Priestley has entered the land"

Ron Blatchley, rblatch@dejazzd.com. The Priestley House, Northumberland, PA 17857, United States

Joseph Priestley reenactor Ronald Blatchley discusses excerpts from Edgar Fahs Smith's "Priestley in America" in a first-person presentation. HIST 10 - Father of two divisions: Edgar Fahs Smith and the birth of CHED and HIST

Roger A. Egolf, rae4@psu.edu. Lehigh Valley Campus, Pennsylvania State University, Center Valley, PA 18034, United States

Both the Division of Chemical Education and the Division of the History of Chemistry owe their existence in large part to Edgar Fahs Smith. This paper will present the stories of the founding of both divisions, highlighting Smith's role in guiding them in their early years. HIST 11 - Edgar Fahs Smith as biographer and historian

Arthur Greenberg, art.greenberg@unh.edu. Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States

Professor Edgar Fahs Smith wrote a number of brief but illuminating books focused on the lives of early chemists, more specifically on chemists who performed their research and teaching in America. Delightfully written, books such as Chemistry in America and Old Chemistries capture many biographies in capsule descriptions yet in broader contexts. Specific brief biographical books (e.g. Joseph Priestley, James Woodhouse, John Griscom) present details, chemical and personal, in a characteristically gentle and humorous style. HIST 12 - Justin Smith Morrill and the Land-Grant College Act of 1862

Roger A. Egolf, rae4@psu.edu. Lehigh Valley Campus, Pennsylvania State University, Center Valley, PA 18034, United States

Justin Smith Morrill of Vermont was a son of the working class who could not afford a college education. He was elected to the House of Representatives in 1854 and soon became known as a strong advocate for public funding of higher education, specifically in the fields of agricultural and the mechanical arts. He first sponsored a bill to fund the establishment of state colleges through federal land grants in 1857 and succeeded in getting his bill passed in 1858, but President Buchanan vetoed it. He was finally successful in getting his bill passed again and signed by President Lincoln in 1862. This paper will examine the career of Justin Morrill and the history of the battle to pass this historic act of Congress that we are celebrating in this symposium. HIST 13 - “No one was killed or seriously hurt in the process,” chemistry during the early days of Michigan State University, the pioneer land-grant university

Robert E Maleczka, maleczka@chemistry.msu.edu. Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States

In 1850, Michigan's State Agricultural Society petitioned the State Legislature for an agricultural college. With State finances tight, the Legislature turned to the Congress of the United States and asked for a grant of 350,000 acres to foster agricultural education in Michigan. This unprecedented request helped to establish a model for the national education revolution that would be set in motion by the founding of the Agricultural College of Michigan in 1855 and ultimately the Morrill Land-Grant College Acts. The first class of the Agricultural College of Michigan, which in time would be renamed Michigan State University, were taught

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“thorough and practical” chemistry in a chemical laboratory that was “inferior to few in the country.” This early history of MSU chemistry during the time of the Morrill Land-Grant College Acts will be presented. HIST 14 - Evan Pugh, chemical education, and the fight for Pennsylvania's land grant designation

Kristen A. Yarmey, kristen.yarmey@scranton.edu. Weinberg Memorial Library, University of Scranton, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18510, United States

In 1863, Pennsylvania's General Assembly passed legislation naming the Agricultural College of Pennsylvania (later the Pennsylvania State University) as the sole beneficiary of the state's Morrill Land Grant, a designation which was desperately needed to fund the College's growing success and to fulfill the broad visions of its president, agricultural chemist Evan Pugh. However, other institutions in the state quickly contested the designation, seeking their own share of the grant despite their more traditional, classical curricula. Combined with the untimely death of Evan Pugh in 1864, this uncertainty and delay over land grant funding hobbled the College and particularly its scientific course of education for years to come. Framed within the evolving context of 19th century chemical education, this case study of Evan Pugh and the fight for Pennsylvania's land grant designation demonstrates the difficulties chemical educators faced in bringing their science to a broader audience of students. HIST 15 - Delaware State University and the second Morrill Act of 1890

Andrew Goudy, agoudy@desu.edu. Department of Chemistry, Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware 19901, United States

The State College for Colored Students, now known as Delaware State University, was established May 15, 1891 by the Delaware General Assembly under the provisions of the Morrill Act of 1890. Five (5) courses of study leading to a baccalaureate degree were offered: Agricultural, Chemical, Classical, Engineering, and Scientific. In 1944 the College received provisional accreditation by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools and in 1947 the name of the institution was changed to Delaware State College. On July 1, 1993, Delaware State College turned another chapter in its history, when then Governor Thomas Carper signed a name change into law, renaming the College to Delaware State University. Over the years the University has grown in stature as a center for teaching, research, and public service. The University currently offers fifty-six (56) undergraduate degrees, including Chemistry (which is approved by the ACS). It also offers twenty-two (22) master's degrees and five (5) doctoral degrees. The Chemistry department now offers MS and PhD degrees in Applied Chemistry. Dr. Harriet Williams was a symbol of excellence in chemistry and education at DSU. She attended preparatory school at Delaware State and graduated with the first class to receive bachelor's degrees in 1934. She returned to Delaware State in 1946 to teach chemistry and she later served as Chair of the department for 35 years. An overview of the past and present state of the University, the Chemistry department, and Dr. Harriet William's contributions will be presented. HIST 16 - Second Woman ACS Member, Dr. Rachel Lloyd, Met First Woman ACS Member, Rachel Bodley, Before Either Was A Member

Mark A. Griep, mgriep1@unl.edu. Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, United States

Dr. Rachel Lloyd was the first woman to earn a PhD in chemistry, to become a Professor of Analytic Chemistry, and to be regularly admitted into ACS. Her selection for a faculty position in 1887 at the University of Nebraska was made possible in part because it was a Land Grant institution. She carried out her research in beet sugar agriculture and analysis using some of the earliest funds from the Hatch Act. Prior to all of that, she attended eight years of the Harvard Summer Courses in botany and then chemistry while continually improving her occupations. In about 1875, she met Rachel Bodley, who would become an ACS charter member. Lloyd later became the first regularly admitted female member. At the University of Nebraska, Lloyd inspired both young women and men to become chemists so that the ACS Nebraska local section had more women participants than any other.

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HIST 17 - Implementation of the Morrill Act in New Hampshire

Paul R Jones, prjones@umich.edu. Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, United States

With the passing of the land-grant bill (The Morrill Act) by the U.S. Congreess in 1862, the New Hampshire Legislature responded quickly in 1866 with the approval of an enabling act. By 1868 the New Hampshire College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts had been organized and was led by a chemist, Ezekiel Dimond. Chemistry instruction, a strong component of the program from the outset, included the requirement of original research. The first bachelor's theses were written in 1893; master's theses appeared by 1906; and the first Ph.D.s in chemistry were granted in 1958. Originally located in Hanover on the Dartmouth College campus, the institution was moved to Durham in 1893 and became the University of New Hampshire in 1923. HIST 18 - Education on the prairie: Early history of North Dakota State University

Seth C. Rasmussen, seth.rasmussen@ndsu.edu. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States

North Dakota became a state in 1889, which then made it eligible under the Morrill Act of 1862 to establish a land-grant educational institution that would provide a “liberal and practical education of the industrial classes...”. As a result, the North Dakota Agricultural College (NDAC) was formally founded in Fargo on October 15, 1890. Edwin Fremont Ladd was hired as the second faculty member of NDAC and appointed Professor of Chemistry in 1890. As the founding member of the Chemistry Department, Ladd was its guiding spirit from 1890 until his advancement to University President in 1916. During this time, the Chemistry department was a leading force in the growth and development of NDAC and many of the current academic departments were originally part of Chemistry. An overview of the early history of the University, the Chemistry department, and Ladd's contributions will be presented. HIST 19 - Thomas Green Clemson, early advocate for applying science to agriculture

Dwaine Eubanks, dwaine_eubanks@clemson.edu. Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29534, United States

Thomas Green Clemson was appointed Superintendent of Agriculture in 1860. There he promoted his passion for applying scientific principles in agriculture and for establishing agricultural colleges. Clemson was a highly regarded agricultural chemist. He strongly supported the Morrill Act, which granted Federal land to the states to establish agricultural colleges, except that those states in rebellion were excluded. Following the Civil War, southern states were allowed to participate, and Clemson ceded his plantation to the state of South Carolina to establish an agricultural college. Clemson was a strong believer in educating farmers in the application of scientific practice; the college supported a vigorous extension service. South Carolina Congressman Asbury Lever teamed with Senator Hoke Smith of Georgia to pass a 1914 bill establishing agricultural extension at land-grant colleges. The many twists and turns from advocacy to actualization provide insight into the politics of agricultural policy. HIST 20 - University of Illinois and the Morrill act

Vera V Mainz, mainz@illinois.edu. Unaffiliated, Urbana, IL 61802, United States

The Morrill Land Grant College Act, passed in 1862, enabled the state of Illinois to found the Illinois Industrial University in Urbana in 1867. In addition to the required education in agriculture, engineering and military tactics, the first President of the University, Dr. John Milton Gregory, believed that the function of the University should be much broader and include courses in other branches of learning, specifically those we now associate with the Liberal Arts. Chemistry courses were part of the curriculum from the beginning. In 186,8 then President Gregory declared in his first annual report, “It is especially important that an appropriation should be made to fit up, at once, a chemical laboratory.” This was at a time when only a handful of American institutions had even rudimentary chemical laboratory space. This talk will discuss how the study of chemistry prospered at the University of Illinois (the name was changed in 1885). Without the Morrill Act, the state of Illinois might have waited many years for the birth of the institution which has since become one of the greatest public universities in the country.

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HIST 21 - Relevance of the Morrill Act in current challenges to undergraduate and graduate chemistry programs

Joseph S. Francisco, francisc@purdue.edu. Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States

The makeup of the student population has changed. International students over the years have steadily increased in graduate programs, but the numbers are beginning to show an increased presence in undergraduate programs. Most of the growth in enrollment in science graduate programs has resulted from the enrollment of international students. Domestic undergraduate students make up about a quarter of the students enrolled in graduate schools, and the increases are from women and underrepresented minority groups. About half of the students enrolled in doctoral programs in chemistry drop out before graduation. The challenge is in retaining those students. While universities have focused on preparing the next generation of researchers, the harsh reality is that these students are challenged in finding employment. A fundamental question that needs to be addressed is whether current academic preparation in chemistry addresses a national need. Accelerated technological, environmental, societal and financial drivers continue to push the chemical enterprise worldwide, and chemists working in it, to increasingly think and collaborate globally. These drivers are beginning to impact academia. This presentation will examine whether the intent and spirit of the Morrill Act still has relevance in the current climate of current challenges to the chemical enterprise and chemical education. HIST 22 - Robert Bunsen's sweet tooth: Bunseniana in the Oesper Collections

William B. Jensen, Jensenwb@ucmail.uc.edu. Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, United States

The 19th-century German chemist, Robert Bunsen, certainly qualifies as a "chemical character" and is the subject of many surviving anecdotes, collectively known as "Bunseniana." The talk will review many of these anecdotes and their historical sources based on the rich resources of the Oesper Collections in the History of Chemistry of the University of Cincinnati, including several unique items inherited from former students of Bunsen. HIST 23 - Who was the real Joseph Black?

Robert GW Anderson, rgwa2@cam.ac.uk. Clare Hall, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Joseph Black (1728-99) was professor of medicine and chemistry at the University of Edinburgh (early in his career he was at Glasgow). He chemically characterised fixed air (carbon dioxide) and developed the concept of latent heat - but up to now he has been known for little else. Now that a complete edition of his correspondence has been produced, gaps in his scientific career and his social life can be filled in. He taught students from throughout Great Britain, the rest of Europe (including Russia) and from North America. Some of these went on to establish medical schools. Acting as a consultant, he was influential in developing the chemical industry. He was one of a remarkable group of intelligentsia in Enlightenment Scotland: his friends included David Hume, Adam Smith, James Watt and James Hutton. He was a clubbable man and entertained generously at home. We even know the sort of gargantuan meals he served his guests (who may have included, on separate occasions, Dr. Johnson and Benjamin Franklin). HIST 24 - The Quaker rustic as natural philosopher: John Dalton and his social context

Alan J. Rocke, ajr@case.edu. Department of History, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States

The founder of the atomic theory in chemistry, John Dalton (1766-1844), had a background and life history that was unlike most of his contemporary colleagues in the British scientific community; as an early biographer noted, the young Dalton was by all appearances "born to be a clodhopper." But appearances deceived. The speaker will characterize Dalton's modest Quaker north-country origins, and point to some connections of this background and culture to the nature of his scientific work.

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HIST 25 - The chemistry of Lucrezia Borgia, et al.

Cathy L. Cobb, cobbfetterolf@gforcecable.com. Chemistry and Physics, University of South Carolina Aiken, Aiken, South Carolina 29801, United States

The alchemy of the European Middle Ages has always been an intriguing topic, but perhaps more for its folklore than the actual technology. This presentation will explore the possible chemical techniques and materials available to the notorious Borgia family and their ilk, and how this knowledge may have been deployed in their nefarious exploits. HIST 26 - Sir William Crookes (1832-1919)

William H Brock, william.brock@btinternet.com. Department of Historical Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom

The figure of speech, "chemical character", means more than a chemist who played a role in the drama of chemistry; it refers to someone whose unusual personality and career marked them as out of the ordinary. We take the example of the English chemist William Crookes. His flamboyant bearded and mustached appearance was striking; his career from humble beginnings to the presidency of the Royal Society without academic or industrial tenure was unusual; to contemporaries Crookes's ability to investigate "anomalies" that led to fascinating revelations concerning cathode rays, the radiometer and ideas about the evolution of the matter and chemical elements made him seem a sage. A great science journalist and elder statesman of science who was active at the bench up until the day of his death, we shall find justification for calling him one of chemistry's most extraordinary characters. HIST 27 - It's a gas! Sir Humphrey Davy and his pneumatic investigations

Seth C. Rasmussen, seth.rasmussen@ndsu.edu. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States

Always a popular figure in the history of chemistry, the life and accomplishments of Sir Humphrey Davy are hard to ignore. Often styled a self-made chemist, he went on to achieve far more than most of the conventionally trained scientists of his time, including the isolation and identification of seven new chemical elements. However, what has always made him a true "Character in Chemistry" in my view was his early work with nitrous oxide and an unflinching willingness to make his own body a central aspect of experiments. In hindsight, it seems that his ability to survive his early pneumatic studies was more luck than insight, but early successes from these risky studies provided him the fame and recognition to build a career that would follow with even greater discoveries. The life and work of Davy will be presented, focusing on his early work with gases at Beddoes' Pneumatic Institution. HIST 28 - Robert Burns Woodward. Enough said.

Jefffrey I. Seeman, jseeman@richmond.edu. Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States

Blue. HIST 29 - Fictional characters in chemistry

Carmen J Giunta, giunta@lemoyne.edu. Department of Chemistry and Physics, Le Moyne College, Syracuse, NY 13214, United States

Chemists are rarely the protagonists in works of popular fiction. Exceptions to the previous statement will be the subject of this presentation. Among the best known of these characters are three from the late 19th century: the world's first consulting detective (who developed a chemical test for blood) and experimenters whose concoctions caused dramatic changes in character and appearance. Earlier and later examples will also be presented. Some consideration will be given to genres in which science and scientists play important roles including science fiction, science-in-fiction (coined by Carl Djerassi), and lab lit (Jennifer Rohn).

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HIST 30 - Egor Egorovich Vagner (1849-1903): A "wondrously sharpwitted" chemist

David E. Lewis, lewisd@uwec.edu. Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI 54702-4004, United States

Vagner (or Wagner in the German literature) was a true genius, and a true character. As a youngster, he was sent to school in western Russia, only to run away and return to his home at age 16. After qualifying to enter the university, he began studying law, only to start over again when he discovered chemistry. As a student, he was an active participant in the local amateur theater, a love that continued into his adult years. As a chemist, he developed a useful synthesis of alkylzinc reagents, turned potassium permanganate into a useful reagent for the site-specific oxidation of alkenes, first proposed the idea that rearrangements occurred during certain reactions of bicyclic monoterpenes, and proposed the first correct structures of many of the monocyclic and bicyclic monoterpenes. His designation in the title is due to Meerwein. HIST 31 - Martians as chemists and characters

Balazs Hargittai1, BHargittai@francis.edu , Istvan Hargittai2. (1) Department of Chemistry, Saint Francis University, Loretto, PA 15940, United States (2) Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary

The “Martians” label originated from the time of the Manhattan Project and was used for the principal Hungarian participants in the defense of the United States in World War II and the Cold War. They included the aerodynamicist Theodore von Karman, the mathematician John von Neumann, and the physicists Eugene P. Wigner, Leo Szilard, and Edward Teller. Wigner, von Neumann, and Teller had their initial training in chemistry and chemical engineering. They made important contributions to chemistry, including the theory of specific heats of and atomic vibrations in crystals by von Karman (with Max Born), a method for isotope separation by Szilard (with Thomas Chalmers), the theoretical description of chemical reactions by Wigner (with E. Witmer), and Teller's Jahn-Teller effect and BET equation. The Martians made a unique group, and all five of them were the most original “characters."

[i] I. Hargittai, The Martians of Science: Five Physicists Who Changed the Twentieth Century. Oxford University Press, 2006; 2008. HIST 32 - George Rosenkranz: A full-range "chemical character"

James G. Traynham, jimtraynham@msn.com. Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70810-5061, United States

A dictionary definition of "character" usually cites quite a range of traits. George Rosenkranz, associated with the production of The Pill from Mexican yams, is, indeed, a full-range character: An excellent, enterprising high-school student who fretted that he would be accepted into the leading university in Hungary or Germany; a university student who supported his studies with unusual, non-chemistry employment and moved rewardingly among the international diplomatic set; a gifted organic chemist and an unorthodox research administrator; an impulsive romancer; a world-class bridge champion. This paper is based on an oral history interview of Rosenkranz conducted by the author in 1997 for the Chemical Heritage Foundation. HIST 33 - Paul John Flory: Physical chemist and humanitarian

Gary D Patterson, gp9a@andrew.cmu.edu. Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States

Paul John Flory received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1974 for his pioneering work in organizing and completing the field of the physical chemistry of macromolecules. He came from solid Midwestern roots to DuPont during the days of Wallace Carothers. He learned the importance of polymers there and applied his keen mind to the problem of polymer reaction kinetics and molecular weight distributions. He went on to solidify the theory of rubber elasticity during World War II. He established a workable theory of polymer solutions that is still used in industry today. After the War he actively pursued polymer science at Cornell and published his classic Principles of Polymer Chemistry. This book is still a valuable contribution to the state of the art in polymer science. Economic and professional uncertainty in the mid-50s led to the Directorship of the Mellon Institute in Pittsburgh. A quick return to academia at Stanford University produced another rich harvest of

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polymer science and the long awaited Prize. Not content with merely scientific pursuits, he leveraged his notoriety to assist many scientists behind the iron curtain. He believed in freedom for chain molecules and for humans. HIST 34 - Mary Letitia Caldwell: educator, researcher, model and mentor

Janan M. Hayes, janan.hayes@yahoo.com. Patricia L. Perez. Project Inclusion, Sacramento, CA 95842, United States

Mary Letitia Caldwell (1890-1972), American biochemist, was the first female assistant professor, the only female member of the senior faculty, and full professor in 1948 at Columbia. Caldwell carried a heavy teaching load and ran an intense research program in nutrition and biochemistry. Her major research topic was amylase, an enzyme that decomposes starches. She determined methods for the purification of amylase and studied crystalline porcine pancreatic amylase. Caldwell suffered from a muscular disorder, with her office on the 9th floor of a building with no elevators, thus contributing to her leaving academe in 1959. Caldwell was Marie Daly's thesis advisor. Daly said that Caldwell inspired her students with her respect, technical excellence, research expertise and exhibited a sense of concern for each student's welfare. Caldwell retired from Columbia in 1959 and was awarded the Garvan Medal in 1960. HIST 35 - Dr. Marie Maynard Daly

Jeannette E. Brown, jebrown5134@comcast.net. Independent Scholar, Hillsborough, NJ 08844-4816, United States

This talk will take an in depth look at the life and work of Dr. Marie Daly. Dr Daly was the first African American woman to receive a PhD in chemistry. She was a shy and modest woman who made an impact on the work she did. She also left a legacy for future students. Some of this talk will feature video clips of her and be in her own words. The talk will feature her life from birth to death. HIST 36 - The Scientific Life and Contributions of Marie M. Daly

Linda Meade Tollin, lmt2050@gmail.com. Independent Scholar, Retired chemist, Tucson, AZ 85704, United States

Marie Daley was a pioneer who was the first female African American to receive a Ph.D. in Chemistry. This presentation will provide an overview and discussion of her research and academic contributions during a highly respected career that spanned the years between 1949 and 1985. HIST 37 - The Legacy of Dr. Marie Daly

Jeannette E. Brown, jebrown5134@comcast.net. Independent Scholar, Hillsborough, NJ 08844-4816, United States

This talk will feature information learned by conversations with people who knew Dr. Marie Daly. Einstein College of Medicine where Dr. Daly worked, started the King Kennedy Program to increase the number of minority students able to become students. I will presents some of the audio from conversations with Dr. Valiere Alcena who was the first recipient of the King-Kennedy Award and Dr. Stephen Lazar who was on the faculty at the time and a friend of Dr.Daly. I will also discuss information about the students who were recipients of the Queens College Daly scholarship fund for minority chemistry students.