a sudden tremor on the earth’s surface. caused by movements deep inside the earth. huge...
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Natural Disasters
Earthquake A sudden tremor on the Earth’s
surface. Caused by movements deep inside
the Earth. Huge disaster- death, buildings
collapse, roads cave in, trees fall, bridge break, fire due to the snapping of electric wires & floods due to the bursting of dams.
People live in tents after earthquakes.
1.Earthquake
Study of earthquake is called seismology .
The instruments used to record the shaking of the land is called seismographs.
The intensity of an earthquake is measured from 1 to 10 on a Richter Scale.
Earthquakes of intensity 3 or less on a Richter Scale are of low intensity & intensity 6 or above is of high intensity.
Precautions to be taken
Run out of the building immediately. OR
Take shelter under a table Do not enter any building even after the
earthquake stops
2. FLOOD
1. It damages crops, roads & buildings; affect electricity & water supply, transport & communication.2. Shortage of food, drinking water & shelter.3. Unhygienic conditions often lead to diseases
CONSEQUENCES
CAUSES OF FLOODS1.TOo much of
rain- Flash floods
2. Melting snow
Side effects of floods
Floods also brings in new fertile soil ( advantage).
Assam, Bihar, UP & West Bengal are flood affected areas.
Precautions to be taken
Watch out for warnings of flood in the newspaper.
Prepare to move out of your house to a safer place on higher ground.
Build up your store of food, water & essential medicines.
High embankments should be constructed.
Afforestation- trees slow down the water current.
CYCLONES- Tornaos A very strong wind
accompanied by heavy rain.
Causes tidal waves in the sea – which cause flood in the coastal areas.
Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Gujarat & Maharshtra are often hit by cyclones.
d
DROUGHTS Hot climate & very
little rainfall causes shortage of water.
There is scarcity of food & water for both human beings & animals.
This condition is called famine.
There may be widespread diseases. (epidemic)
Prevention Afforestation
Water harvesting
Dams on rivers
TSUNAMI*A series of very
high waves (1m-20m)
*Created by some disturbances under the sea- under water earthquake, volcanic eruption or landslide .
Relief work during a natural calamity
Govt. organizes relief work.
Several NGO’s are involved in helping people – RED CROSS SOCIETY, WHO, UNICEF etc.
It’s also the duty of the common people to extend help however possible.
Thank YouNABANITA BARMAN
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