> filemoebta catvlit. antropologia aris centri, romel-sic, rogorc fokussi, tavs iyris codnis...
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`...es qarTveli kaci cxovrobda Cvens Soris, afxazTa Soris,
magram arsebiTad arcerTi CvenTagani ar icnobda, jerovnad veravin
daafasa misi Sroma. da roca am dauRalav da asakmoyril adamians
avadmyofobam daria xeli, igi veravin SeamCnia, arc aravin daxmare-
bia, Tumca daxmareba arc Tavad uTxovia... avadmyofobiTa da Sim-
SiliT gadaqanculma sicocxle TviTmkvlelobiT daasrula... Cven,
afxazebma, dRemde ver viswavleT moyvasis pativiscema... rodisRa
movegebiT gons, rodisRa gamoviRviZebT? rodis SegveZleba, davafa-
soT Rvawli iseTi adamianisa, rogoric petre Waraiaa?~
dimitri gulia. p. Waraias TviTmkvlelobis gamo.
gazeTi `afsni~, #38, 1919 weli.
<< 150 >>
kavkasiuri etiudebi *1
petre giorgiZe (Waraia)
afxazeTi
da
afxazni
(saeTnografio aRwera)
Tbilisi
2011
КАВКАЗСКИЕ ЭТЮДЫ *1
ПЕТРЕ ГИОРГИДЗЕ (ЧАРАИА)
АБХАЗИЯ
И
АБХАЗЫ
(Этнографическое описание)
Тбилиси2011
5
redaqtorebisagan
1919 wlis 2 dekembers Tavis arcTu ise xangrZliv
sicocxles TviTmkvlelobiT ganeSora `TviTnabadi
lingvisti~ (n. mari), TvalsaCino pedagogi, mxareTmcodne
da sazogado moRvawe _ petre Waraia. ar viciT, misi sa-
flavi mSobliur sofelSi kvlavac Tu miikvleva, magram
erTi ramis Tqma danamdvilebiT SegviZlia: eTnikuri war-
momavlobisa da qarTul-afxazuri garTulebuli urT-
ierTobebis miuxedavad, Rirseuli afxazebi saTanado
pativs miageben afxazuri enis, yofisa da kulturis mkv-
levarsa da damfasebels, romlis imJamad gaxmaurebul-
ma naSromma _ `Об отношении абхазского языка к яфетическим. С-П. 1912~ _ afxazuri enis Seswavlis interesi araerT
mecniers, maT Soris TviT niko mars, gauRviva.
petre giorgis Ze Waraia daibada 1861 wlis 12 (24)
ivniss, oCamCiris raionis sof. eSqiTSi, sadac misi
mSoblebi zugdidis raionis sof. Waqvinjidan gadmosax-
lebulan. 1877 wels man martvilis sasuliero saswavle-
blis sruli kursi gaiara da swavla Tbilisis sasuliero
seminariaSi ganagrZo, magram, mSoblebis gardacvalebis
gamo usaxsrod darCenili, iZulebuli gaxda swavla See-
wyvita da mSobliur kuTxes dabruneboda. 1883 wlidan p.
Waraia pedagogiur moRvaweobas Seudga; iyo ra qarTu-
li enisa da literaturis maswavlebeli, man am kuTxeSi
moRvawe TanamoazreebTan (anTimoz juReli, ivane gegia,
Tedo saxokia, niko janaSia da sxv.) erTad miznad daisaxa
qarTuli enis Tavis uflebebSi aRdgena, ris gamoc p.
Waraiasa da misi megobrebis saqmianobas rusma moxeleeb-
ma `qarTuli partiis~ antisaxelmwifoebrivi saqmianoba
uwodes da maTi sajaro gasamarTlebac ki moawyves. 1908
kavkasiuri etiudebi *1
КАВКАЗСКИЕ ЭТЮДЫ *1
gamocemis redaqtorebi
nugzar anTelava
Teimuraz gvancelaZe
6 7
briobis Sesaxeb saerTo mecnierebis aRmniSneli termini
_ anTropologia _ Seicavs. `yvelaferi, rac naTels
hfens kacobriobas, _ ambobda broka, _ Sedis anTropo-
logiaSi: veluri xalxebi da civilizebuli erebi, maTi
warsuli da momavali, anatomia, adamianis fizikuri
aRnagoba, geografiuli gavrceleba, misi avadmyofo-
bis, miswrafebebisa da mxatvruli Semoqmedebis nawar-
moebTa CaTvliT. anTropologia aris centri, romel-
Sic, rogorc fokusSi, Tavs iyris codnis yvela dargis
miRwevebi~. ase esmodaT es mecniereba mis pirvel fuZem-
deblebs, _ vaics, tailors, bastians, herl¡ands da sx-
vebs. rogorc Cans, ase esmoda igi p. Waraiasac, romelic,
evropuli enebis codnis wyalobiT, Rrmad iyo daufle-
buli mecnierebis Teoriul miRwevebs. amitomac aris,
rom mas Tanabrad ainteresebs afxazi xalxis yofisa
da kulturis rogorc saerTo sakiTxebi, ise maTi an-
Tropologiuri da zneobrivi tipi, xasiaTi, gancdebi
da miswrafebebi, maTi ena da miTopoeturi Semoqmedeba.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom calkeuli etiudebisgan Semdgari
p. Waraias narkvevi _ `afxazeTi da afxazni~ _ pirveli
cdaa, zemoxsenebuli midgomiT mimoixilos afxazi xalx-
is eTnikuri kulturis sakiTxebi. aRniSnuli naSromi,
petre giorgiZis fsevdonimiT, 1888 wels gamoqveynda
gazeT `iveriis~ 12 nomerSi (##165, 167, 169, 173, 175, 176,
179, 180, 183, 184, 185, 186) da imTaviTve mkiTxvelTa didi
yuradReba miipyro.2
mizanSewonilad CavTvaleT, p. Waraias dabadebi-
dan 150-e wlisTavze calke wignad gamogveqveynebia, aw
ukve bibliografiul iSviaTobad qceuli, misi naSromi,
romelsac samecniero Rirebuleba dRemde ar daukar-
gavs.
2 unda iTqvas, rom p.Waraias es naSromi rusulad Targmna da Tavisi
saxeliT gamosca cnobilma qarTvelma mkvlevarma mose janaSvilma
(ix. `Абхазия и абхазцы. Этнографический очерк М.Джанашвили. – «Записки Кавказского отдела Императорского Русского географического общества». Т. XVI, Тф., 1894), ris gamoc gulnatkenma p. Waraiam 1895 w. gamoaqveyna wer-
ili _ `mcire bibliografiuli SeniSvna~ (ix. `kvali~ #16).
wlidan ki p. Waraias, rogorc `udiplomo~ pedagogs, mas-
wavlebloba aukrZales, riTac Tavis rCenis erTaderTi
saSualebac mouspes.1
* * *
XIX-XX ss. mijnaze mecnieri eTnografebi da
lingvistebi, romelTa mizans kavkasiis xalxTa, maT So-
ris afxazTa, yofa-cxovrebis, msoflmxedvelobrivi mr-
wamsisa da metyvelebis TaviseburebaTa Seswavla Sead-
genda, saTanado analizisa da daskvnebisaTvis metad
mwir masalas flobdnen. antikuri epoqis, adreuli da
gviani Suasaukuneebis avtorTa calkeuli cnobebi, rusi
da dasavleTevropeli mogzaurebis, diplomatiuri agen-
tebisa Tu kaTolike misionerebis Canawerebi, marTalia,
mniSvnelovan informacias Seicavdnen, magram aRniSnuli
xalxebis enis, yofisa da kulturis istoriul WrilSi
metnaklebad sruli mimoxilvis saSualebas ar iZleod-
nen. amitom mkvlevarTaTvis imTaviTve aucilebeli gaxda
eTno-lingvistur velze uSualo dakvirvebis warmoeba
da Sekrebili masalebisa da literaturuli monace-
mebis Sejereba. aseT mkvlevarTa rigs ganekuTvneboda
petre Waraia, romlis mecnieruli individualoba misi
Tanadrouli eTnologiuri da lingvisturi mecnierebe-
bis Teoriul miRwevebs efuZneboda. p. WaraiasaTvis eT-
nografia iyo aramarto somaturi anTropologiis, sa-
kuTriv eTnografiisa da arqeologiis _ am sami erTiani
mecnierebis _ integraluri nawili, aramed biologiur
da humanitarul mecnierebaTa sinTezi. eTnografiis
aseT gagebas, mecnierebis am dargis Camoyalibebis pe-
riodidan (X1X s. 50-iani wlebidan) moyolebuli, kaco-
1 p. Waraias biografiis, pedagogiuri, samecniero da sazogadoebrivi
moRvaweobis Sesaxeb ix.: s. caiSvili. petre Waraia (monografia). soxu-
mi, 1953.
8 9
celebasa da qadagebas afxazTa Soris da amas zed da-
vurTavT egreT wodebuli civilizaciisa da sazogadod
ganaTlebis zemoqmedebasa da gavlenas, advilad mivx-
vdebiT, rom afxazeTSi, Tu dRes ara, xval bevrs veRaras
vnaxavT imisas, rac odesme gvinaxavs. amitom bevri ram,
rac Cven aRvwereT, TvaliT ar gvinaxavs, aqa-iq vZebneT,
movaTxrobineT, SevkribeT.
am siZnelis garda, aris sxvagvari siZnelec: erTi wili
eTnografiuli masala Seiswavleba pirdapir TavisTavad
da SeiZineba cxovrebis ubralo, ase vTqvaT, zedapir-
uli dakvirvebiT, sxva ki Semkreb-gamomkvlevelisagan
sakmao Sromasa da ukeTes Segnebas moiTxovs. es imitom,
rom is eTnografiuli movlenebi, romlebic Cven aq mxed-
velobaSi gvaqvs, wminda saqmed miaCniaT, dafarulia da ar
amJRavneben. magaliTad, bevri religiuri wesebi da cer-
emoniebi daculi aqvT `wmindaTa wmindad~. maTi naxva da
Setyoba Znelia gareSe kacisaTvis. am SemTxvevaSi saWiro
iyo sxvagvarad gvemoqmedna, sxvagvari xerxi gvexmara,
ostatoba da, Tu gnebavT, eSmakobac gamogveCina.
Cven darwmunebuli viyaviT, rom lingvistika Zlier
exmareba eTnografiasa da xSirad erTi sityvis axsna da
garCeva ufro naTels hfens da xsnis raime eTnografiul
movlenas, vinem grZeli aRwera am movlenisa. xolo iq,
sadac romelime faqti gadavardnila da daviwyebula
da marto sityvaRa darCenila enaSi, amgvar SemTxvevaSi
aseTi sityvis ganxilva da garCeva aucileblad saWiroa.
amitom am sagnisaTvisac ar agviqcevia gverdi.
am werilebis Sedgenis dros Cven xelT ara gvqonia
arc erTi wigni, dawerili afxazTa Sesaxeb. Cveni erTad-
erTi wigni iyo TviT namdvili cxovreba am xalxisa.
iqneb, ganaTlebul mkiTxvels bevri ram wvrilmanad
da umniSvnelod eCvenos, magram nu dagvaviwydeba, rom is,
rac Cven wvrilmanad, umniSvnelod migviCnevia, xSirad
didi Rirsebisa da mniSvnelobis garemoeba aRmoCenila.
winasityvaoba
Cvens dros, rodesac codnam kacisam aseTi didi na-
biji gadadga win da sxvadasxva Sto mecnierebisa izrde-
ba dRe yovel, Jamsa yovelsa ixeTqs axalaxal ylortebs,
ai, am dros cnobismoyvare, xalisiani kaci did gasaWirSia:
ar icis, romel erTs codnas, romel erTs Stos, ylorts
mecnierebisas miaqcios umetesi yuradReba, meti guli-
syuri, romeli erTi airCios da iswavlos zedmiwevniT.
sxvadasxvagvar codnasa da mecnierebaTa Soris na-
klebi yuradRebis Rirsi ar aris is rTuli mecniereba,
romelic kacs Tavis Tavs gaacnobs, Tavis Tavs aswavlis:
dRevandel yofas Tvalwin dauyenebs, warsul cxovre-
baSi Caaxedebs, Seatyobinebs, ra xorcisa da sulisaa, ra
ena aqvs, an ra zne da Cveuleba kerZod erTs, Tu yvela mis
naTesavTa krebuls. am rTuli mecnierebis nawilia, sx-
vaTaSoris, zogadi an kerZo eTnografia.
Cven gvsurs, ramdenadac SeviZlebT, aRvweroT
namdvilad da WeSmaritad afxazeTis cxovreba; es ad-
vili ar aris. afxazeTis geografiuli mdebareobis
gamo, afxazTa tomis cxovreba dRes is aRar aris, rac am
aTiode wlis winaT iyo. sxva rom ara movixsenioT ra, uka-
naskneli omianobis dros erTi wili afxazTa iZulebuli
gaxda osmaleTSi gardaxvewiliyo, saidanac naxevrad
aRar dabrunebula; zogierTni aqeT-iqiT gaixiznen da
gadasaxldnen. yovelive amis gamo afxazTa eri imdenad
Semcirda, rom dRes imis meoTxedic ar aris, rac odesme
iyo. raki ase datrialda bedi afxazTa, raki xalxi ase
Semcirda, aqeT-iqiT gaifanta, wavid-wamovida, zogi vis
Seexizna da zogic vis, zne-Cveuleba, sarwmunoeba da
yovelive wesi da adaTi TandaTan SeecvalaT, gadausx-
vaferdaT, gauqraT da daekargaT. Tu miviRebT agreTve
mxedvelobaSi dRevandeli samRvdeloebis Tavgamod-
ebul moqmedebas da maT mier qristes moZRvrebis gavr-
10 11
Zveli droidanve afxazs gavardnili aqvs uSiSari
da gambedavi avazakis saxeli. afxazebis mudam eSinodaT
mezoblebs, radgan mudam Tavs esxmodnen, sZarcvavdnen
da arbevdnen. Zarcva da Tavdasxma, rogorc afxazTa, ise
yvela mTielis Tvisebaa. `Zarcva da Tavdasxma rom ar yo-
filiyovo, _ ambobs erTi mwerali3, _ mTieli sicocx-
les sicocxled ar CaTvlida. es aris misi poezia, lazaTi
misi arsebobisa. marto vefxvs Tu SeuZlia mTielze ukeT
mieparos mZinare sofels bnelsa da qariSxlian RameSi,
rodesac kaci Tavs ver gamohyofs Tavisi saxlidan. am
dros ar daiCxarunebs mTielis xmali, romelic tyavis
qarqaSSia, ar daiwyebs prials maJari, romelic gax-
veuli aqvs Sav bewvian budeSi, bragi-brugs ar auyenebs
misi qalamani, lbili da moqnili katis TaTiviT, ar dai-
Wixvinebs misi cxeni, daxelovnebuli da gavarjiSebuli
Rame siarulSi. TviT mTielis ena, romelSic naklebad
aris xmovani bgerebi, ar gaamxels da ar gascems imitom,
rom misi laparaki Srialsa hgavs, vidre laparaks. marto
vefxvs SeuZlian ise swrafad, uceb da Tavdauzogavad
daeces kacs Tavs, rogorc mTieli esxmis. dasisxlianeb-
uli TvalebiT, xmliT da dambaCiT xelSi, saSineli yi-
JiniT, romelic SiSis zarsa scems adamians, Caereva xol-
me mTieli brZolaSi da im dros gamarjvebis meti sxva
aRara axsovs ra~.
aseTi iyo afxazica da is mTielnic, romelnic gars
ertynen afxazs, magram afxazs aravis win ar moudrekia
Tavi da aravisTvis ar Seuqcevia zurgi Zvelad.
qurdoba afxazs exlac vaJkacobad miaCnia da ise-
Tive saWiroebaa misTvis, rogorc sasmel-saWmeli. yve-
las, moxucebulidan pataramdis, qalidan kacamdis, es
seni Zvalsa da rbilSi aqvs gamjdari da maRal wodebas
xom profesiad gadauqcevia. dro da garemoeba icvleba,
Taoba Taobas mosdevs, magram qurdoba isev erTsa da im-
ave doneze dgas afxazeTSi.
3 kavkasia _ broSura sergei meCisa.
rac unda wvrilmani ram iyos xalxis cxovrebaSi, misi
Seswavla mainc Cveni movaleobaa. nu daviviwyebT, rom
TviT Cveni exlandeli ganaTleba, romliTac ase Tavi
mogvaqvs, RviZli asulia barbarosuli zne-Cveulebisa,
wesebisa da sarwmunoebisa.
afxazi. _ xasiaTi afxazisa. _ Zarcva, Tavdasxma
da qurdoba. _ mWevrmetyveloba. _ sisxlis
Ziebis saqme. _ samSoblos siyvaruli, _
stumarTmoyvareoba, darbaisloba da salami. _
formalistoba, namusi da sargebloba. _ saero
TamaSobani da saxalxo poezia
Sav zRvas, kavkasionis qedsa da samurzayanos Sua
mdebareobs erTi viwro, ardonis mdinaremde grZlad
gadaWimuli, patara, magram mSvenieri, turfad Semkuli
da mdidari qveyana. es qveyana afxazeTia da dasaxlebuli
iyo da aris afxazTa tomis xalxiT, Tumca exla es adg-
ilebi naxevrad carielia.
afxazi SuaTana tanisaa, gamxdar-gamxdari, Savgvre-
mani, SavTmawarba da SavTvala. TvalTa metyveleba cota
veluri da naRvliani aqvs.
niWiTa da silamaziT sakmaod mdidaria bunebiTad,
magram afxazis xasiaTSi bevr saukeTeso da patiosan
Tvisebas sulisas da gulisas naxavT saZagels da saziz-
Rar biwierebasTan erTad moTavsebuls.
afxazi daudgromelia, cqviti, swrafi, ficxi, medi-
duri xasiaTisa da Tavmomwone. mciredi ram imisTana,
rac upatiurobad miaCnia, sakmarisia, aanTos misi bune-
ba, uamisodac ficxi da mxurvale. igi axovani, gambedavi,
uSiSari da qurcikiviT mardi vaJkacia.
12 13
xolme, saqme raSic aris. xolo ymawvili, roca wamoiz-
rdeba da gulisxmaSi Cavardeba, mSoblebi ukurTxeben
iaraRs, aZleven da arigeben: SeiZine, iSove rame qurdo-
ba-mtaceblobiT, rogorc Seni tol-amxanagni iqceviano.
maSasadame, qurdoba nakurTxia mSobelTa uflebis av-
toritetiTac.
mivaqcioT yuradReba erT sxva garemoebasac. bavSvs,
rogorc viciT, gagiJebiT uyvars yovelgvari axali am-
bebi da moTxrobani, imisTvis gasagebni. magram ra aris
bavSvisaTvis ufro gasagebi, Tu ar zRaprebi, legendebi
da sxva saxalxo Semoqmedobis nayofi? moxucni mouTxro-
ben amgvar ambebsa da zRaprebs zamTrobiT da imiT amok-
leben zamTris grZel Rameebs. patarebi, rasakvirvelia,
aRtacebiT yurs ugdeben, magram yovelive es TiTqmis
iseve mavnebelia maTi zneobisaTvis, rogorc sxva yove-
live, rasac afxazis bavSvi garSemo xedavs. mometebuli
nawili zRaprebisa da legendebisa Tavisi dedaazriTa
da SinaarsiT qurdoba-mtaceblobis garSemo trialebs
da aRwerilia Sig, anu qebiT aris moxsenebuli: simarde,
guladoba da mamacoba romelime yaCaRisa, anu ̀ abragisa~,
Semkobilia maTi moxerxeba qurdobaSi, Wkuamaxviloba
gaWirvebaSi, mamacoba tacebisa da Zarcva-glejis dros.
ai, amiTi aixsneba is samwuxaro movlena, romelsac
iseTi didi alagi uWiravs afxazTa cxovrebaSi, rom xSir-
ad SuaTanad ganaTlebuli afxaznic ki, Tavis qveyanaSi
dabrunebis Semdeg, kvlav qurdobas hkideben xels.
qurdobaSi afxazi daundobelia: dRisiT saukeTe-
so megobrebi sityviTac da saqmiTac RamiT erTmaneTs
hparaven sakuTrebas; Zmas Zmisa, mamas Svilisa da Svils
mamisa rom moeparos, es iSviaTi ambavi ar aris afxazeTSi.
TiTqmis andazad gamxdara is garemoeba, rom afxazs roca
sxvisi vera uSovnia ra mosaparavad, Tavisi sakuTre-
ba mouparavs. did xerxianobasa da gambedaobas iCens
am saqmeSi afxazi. xSiria Semdegi magaliTi: bnelsa da
anki ra aris aq gasakviri? kaci sazogadod da gansa-
kuTrebiT ymawvili rigian aRzrdas moklebulia, mom-
etebulad eqvemdebareba garemocul garemoebaTa zemo-
qmedebasa da gavlenas. ragvari zneobis magaliTebsac
xedavs, isic imas hbaZavs. mere ras hxedavs afxazi ymawvi-
lobaSi, rodesac suli jer kidev umanko da wmindaa?
afxazis bavSvi, wamoizrdeba Tu ara da daiwyebs Tavisu-
flad laparaks, mometebul dros dRisiT tyeSi da mind-
orze atarebs, sadac ukavia ra waldi, Tavis Tavze ufro
grZeltariani, mwyemsavs Txas an kameCebs. aq ara erTxel
xedavs, rom mela xerxiT da eSmakurad iparavs kravs an
cikans; SimSilisagan gaxelebuli mgeli mwyemsis cxvir-
win itacebs da miaqvs tyeSi cxvari an Txa; frTosanTa cx-
ovrebaSic hxedavs, rom sxvadasxva mtacebelni da Zli-
erni frinvelni daaTvaliereben sad ra saSovaria, da,
ixelTeben Tu ara marjve dros, daecemian frinvelebs
an patara cxovelebs da raki erTxel Caigdeben saSovars
klanWebSi, advilad aRaravis ar anebeben.
yvela es da amgvari bevri sxva magaliTebi, xSirad
sisxlis scenebi, romelsac ymawvili xandaxan yovel dRe
xedavs, rasakvirvelia, samudamod stovebs Tavisebur
kvals ymawvilis axalgazrda da norC xsovnaSi.
garda amisa, sofelsac rom Tavi davaneboT, im
sofels, sadac xan erTi hkargavs pirutyvs da xan meore
da gamarTulia amis gamo TiTqmis yoveldRe yiJini, bavS-
vi Tavis sakuTari ojaxis cxovrebidanac Cqara mixvdeba,
rom qurdoba ufrosTagan ara Tu dagmobilia, aramed
TviTonac TavmowonebiT misdeven. afxazis ojaxSi xSir-
ad cbieri da Wkviani diasaxlisi amoiRebs ualago ala-
gas Cagdebuli Wuridan naqurdali saqonlis xorcs da
xarSavs udroo dros metismeti gafrTxilebiT, rom ara-
vin ar SeniSnos. amgvarebs ufrosni, marTalia, umalaven
bavSvebs da, Tu ikiTxes rame, tyuilebs upasuxeben, ma-
gram cnobismoyvare ymawvilni adre Tu gvian mixvdebian
14 15
amas davumatoT isic, rom gatacebiT ambebis moyvare
da sazogadoebrivi xasiaTis mqone buneba afxazisa dili-
dan saRamomdis vera sZlebs Sin; afxazs ar SeuZlia ar ga-
vides sasofloze, sadac kaci kacs xvdeba axali ambavis
Sesatyobrad. erTi sityviT, Tu miviReT mxedvelobaSi,
rom afxazi xSirad mTel dReebs usaqmod ambebis krefa-
sa da ybedobaSi atarebs, Cven advilad mivxvdebiT, rom
igi mSvenieri molaparake unda iyos. marTalia, mis sity-
vas gadaWarbeba sWirs, samarTlianoba da gulwrfeloba
aklia azrs, magram sityva mainc mWevrmetyveluria. igi
yovelTvis suraTiTa da xelovnurad, mSvenieri Sedare-
biTa da metaforebiT laparakobs, moZraobasa da mimikas
niadag mimarTavs. rac unda mouxerxeblad ijdes mola-
parake, Tu unda gaCvenos, rom is, viszedac me vlapara-
kob, zeze wamoxtao, TiTonac maSinve zeze wamoxteba.
molaparake ki ar mouTxrobs xalxs ambavs, ufro war-
moadgens imis xasiaTs, mixvra-moxvras msmenelTa winaSe.
karg sityva-pasuxs da laparaks, anu `marjve ybas~ afxa-
zebi did pativsa sdeben da maTi azriT vaJkacobis Sem-
deg pirveli alagi uWiravs kacis cxovrebaSi.
Tumca am ̀ marjve ybas~ da misi SemweobiT gasamarTle-
bas da gamarTlebas iseTi didi mniSvneloba aqvs, magram
afxazma Tavis mtersa da Seuracxmyofels saqmiT erTio-
rad rom gadaaxdevinos da mougos, maSinac ar amouvard-
eba xvanji gulidan da urCevnia Tavadve pasuxi ugos
mters, Tanaxmad Zveli mcnebisa: `Tvali Tvalisa wil da
kbili kbilis wil~. xolo sisxlisZieba, Tu Cvens dros
srul Tavis ZalaSi ver aris, am bolo dromde xom erT
upirates Tvisebas Seadgenda afxazTa cxovrebaSi.
sisxlisZieba, rogorc viciT, is aris, rom moklulis
naTesavma mkvleli an misi axlo naTesavi unda moklas,
ukanasknelTa sisxls isev sisxliT pasuxi ugos, sisxli
gadaaxdevinos, aiRos. amgvarad, sisxlis Zieba gadadis
modgmidan modgmamde, magram amiT ̀ Zveli sisxli ar kvde-
qariSxlian RameSi amdgara afxazi, mouparavs mezoblis
cxeni, cxra mTas iqiT gadauyvania, iq sxva cxenze gad-
aucvlia, nacvali cxeni wamouyvania, miuval alagas tye-
Si daubams, Semdeg imave Rames Tavis loginSi Cawolila
da dilaadrianad, roca cxenis dakargvis gamo atexila
yiJina, imasac miurbenia sasofloze, wyevla-krulviT
mouxseniebia cxenis qurdi da qurdis kvals gamosdgomia
sxva mekvleTa Soris.
qurdobasTan afxazma didi uari da haSas kvrac
icis... rac unda aSkarad mouxdes qurdoba da SeniSnon
kidec moparvis dros, Tavis dReSi ar gamotydeba da-
naSaulSi. soflis msajulTa winaSe, romelnic soflis
xnierni da uxucesni arian, araiSviaTad, TviT bralm-
deblisa da braldebulis mokeTeni, warsdgeba xolme
aseTi haSaqari qurdi da ise xelovnurad awyobil da
akinZul sityvas warmosTqvams, rom gareSe kacs cxadze
ucxadesad eCveneba misi udanaSauloba. msajulebmac
kargad ician saqme raSia da ragvarad imarTlebs damna-
Save Tavs, magram ganaCens ayeneben imis mixedviT, Tu vin
rogori sityva warmosTqva. ase gamarTlebulze TviT
msajulnic gaiZaxian xolme: `marjve laparakiT, sityvis
ZaliT daixsna Tavio~. ara Tu didni, patarebic saocar
niWs iCenen xolme uaris Tqmasa da tyuilis mogonebaSi.
erTi viRac romaeli, romelsac zedmiwevniT Seswavli-
li hqonda da daxelovnebuli iyo sofizmebSi, dabrunda
romSi da Tavis Tanamemamuleebs arwmunebda, rom me si-
tyvas warmovsTqvam jer marTalze da Semdeg tyuilze
da orTave SemTxvevaSi Tanasworad davajereb msmenel-
ebsao. swored afxazi cdilobs ise momzadebuli iyos,
rom gaWirvebis dros simtyuneSiac Tavi ise imarTlos,
rogorc marTals saqmeSi. amitomac aris, rom afxazTaT-
vis did interess warmoadgens sasoflo yriloba da dava.
am yrilobas yvela kmayofilebiT eswreba. axalgazrdebi
aq swavloben afxazebis sofistikisa da ritorikis yvela
hangebsa da xrikebs.
16 17
bavSvebis fasi, vaJi iqneboda Tu qali, maT sidideze iyo
damokidebuli, e.i. simaRle bavSvebis mtkaveliT izome-
boda. exlac gaigonebs kaci afxazebSi aseTs sityvebs:
`oTxi mtkavelis fasi cxeni, xuTi mtkavelis fasi cxeni~.
ufro 4, 5 da 6 `mtkaveli~ iyo xmarebaSi, eqvss mtkavelze
meti ar iyo miRebuli, radganac amgvari bavSvis gamoyen-
eba, marTlac, ufro saZnelo iqneboda.
zogierTi momCivanis gulis mosagebad ramdenime
kacis suls gadaswyvetdnen sisxlis fasad, ase 25-30,
magram `formalist~ afxazebs aqac mogonili hqondaT
xerxi ganaCenis simZimis Sesamsubuqeblad. `oTx-oTxi,
xuT-xuTi da eqvs-eqvsi mtkavelebi~ gavaCineT 20: erTi
miveciT RaliZgas, meore moqvis wyals, mesame kodors da
sxvanio, _ CamosTvlidnen mozrdili wylebis saxelebs,
romlebsac sididiT SeuZliaT kaci daaxrCos. am wylebSi
odesme damxrCvalTac sisxlSi CauTvlidnen da sabo-
lood am saxiT sakmaod Semcirebul ricxvs `mtkavelebi-
sas~ miusjidnen braleuls gadasaxdelad... Tumca uka-
nasknel dromdec am mtkaveliT gazomili bavSvebiT
izRoda sisxli, magram sisxlis gadaxda SeiZleboda
saqonliTac da fuliTac. marTalia, yovel SemTxvevaSi
sisxli `mtkavelTa~ raodenobis kvalobaze miesajeboda
kacs, magram Semdeg, visac emarjveboda, saqonliTac da
fuliTac ixdida.
4 mtkaveli Rirda 30 Zroxa _ 30 man.
5 mtkaveli Rirda 50 Zroxa _ 50 man.
6 mtkaveli Rirda 70 Zroxa _ 70 man.
TviToeuls zednadebad emateboda kargi iaraRi da
tanisamosi... garda Zroxisa, wvrili oTxfexi saqoneli:
Txa, cxvari da futkaric misaRebi iyo sisxlis valis ga-
dasaxadSi. magram maTi fasis gasarkvevad iyo Zroxa da
Zroxis fasi. amitomaa, rom afxazisagan laparakSi dResac
xSirad gaigonebT: `erTi Zroxis fasi Txa~; `Zroxis fasi
cxvari~; `Zroxis fasi futkari~ da sxva.
ba, ar lpeba~. sisxlis Zieba RvTaebrivi da wminda mova-
leobaa adamianisa, imisi gadauxdeloba, uZiebloba kacs
saukunod sircxvileul hyofs dedamiwaze; mas didni da
patarani, qalni da kacni yovel SemTxvevaSi waayvedreben
aseT saqmes. Tu kacma ver iZia sisxli, TviT sisxli mainc
ver moiTmens darCes Suracxyofili: Tu gaWirda, TviTon
moiTxovs pasuxs, TviTon sisxlive TavisTavad iZiebs sa-
magiero sisxls.
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mkvleli gadavardeboda
sadme Sors, maSin, rasakvirvelia, mis axlo naTesav-
ebze iyridnen javrs: mokvliT, datyvevebiT, saqonlis
warTmeviT, erTi sityviT, aoxreba-awiokebiT. erTi uka-
naskneli ymis mokvla sofelSi or sofels mosisxle
mtrebad xdida da erTmaneTs Seatakebda. amas mohyvebo-
da erTis an meoris iqiT-aqeT gadaxiznva, gadawva da sx-
vani, sanam saqme bolos morigebiT ar gaTavdeboda. sisx-
lisZiebis saqmeSi wodebriv ganrCevas didi mniSvneloba
hqonda. TavadiSvilis mier mokluli glexis monaTesav-
eni xels ver gamoiRebdnen mkvlelis an misi naTesavis
winaaRmdeg, radgan maTi sisxli `swori ar iyo~. sisxls
ixdidnen im TavadiSvilis moyme an gamzrdeli glexisa-
gan da am SemTxvevaSi mokluli glexis gazrdili azn-
auri exmareboda da moTavec iyo sisxlisZiebis saqmeSi.
eseve gansxvaveba daculi iyo maSinac, Tu daCagruli da
Seuracxyofili Tavis mopirispires megobrebTa, Suama-
valTa mecadineobis SemweobiT Tanxmdeboda morigebaze,
`sisxlis fasis~ aRebaze.
`sisxli~, anu `sisxlis fasi~ Tavadis, aznaurisa da
glexis erTi ar iyo. Tumca yovel SemTxvevaSi kacis ka-
cobas da mdgomareobas didi mniSvneloba hqonda, magram
mainc, magaliTad rom vTqvaT, glexis sisxli Rirda _
5 kacis suli da metic, aznaurisa _ 15-amdis, Tavadisa
_ 25-amdis. Tumca iSviaTad `sisxlis valSi~ moyveboda
mTeli jalabobac, magram ufro patarebiT ixdidnen vals.
18 19
xSirad asec moxdeboda xolme, rom, rodesac mosisx-
le mteri araviTari gziT ara hyabuldeboda morige-
bis Camogdebaze, farulad CamotacebiT mohyavdaT imis
Svili an romelime misi axlo naTesavi aRsazrdelad da
amiT Zalauneburad zavi myardeboda mosisxle mtrebs
Sua, radgan mokvla Svilis gamzrdelTa `ZuZu-mkerdis~
Seuracxyofa, gadalaxva da SebRalva iqneboda, rac va-
Jkacobas aRar SeSvenis.
yovel ers cotad Tu bevrad uyvars Tavisi samSob-
lo qveyana, magram aris iseTi xalxic dedamiwaze, rom-
lisaTvis sadac kargad ecxovrebaT, imisi baRdadic iq
aris. amas afxazze ver vityviT. afxazs gagiJebiT uyvars
Tavisi, marTlac, turfad Semkuli qveyana da poetTan
erTad Tamamad SeuZlia Tqvas:
`ar gavcvli me Cems samSoblos
sxva qveynis samoTxezeda~.
afxazi `oh Sir~-is amooxvriT brundeba Tavis
`afsnSi~4. samSoblos qeba da locva: `afsnze ukeTesi
alagi duniaze ar aris; RmerTo, afsns nu dahkargav~-o,
mudam enaze adgia, WirSiac da lxinSiac.
stumarTmoyvareoba, es uZvelesi drois TiTqmis yve-
la erTa qveli Tviseba, afxazis xasiaTsac amkobs. afx-
azs dResac es Cveuleba mtkiced aqvs daculi da didad
sasargeblo da wminda saqmed miaCnia. misi azriT, yovel
stumars Tan dahyveba: Svid-Svidi baraqa, romelTagan
erTi maspinZels rCeba, xolo stumars es daklebuli ba-
raqa isev TavisiT Seemateba. rac unda Raribi iyos, afx-
azi cdilobs stumars Sesaferi pativi sces. araTu yvela
Sin Semosuls ganurCevelad iwvevs da umaspinZldeba,
4 Tavis samSoblo qveyanas afxazebi uwodeben: afsn. sityva Sedgeba, Ce-
mis azriT, Semdeg sityvaTagan: afsua_afxazi da an_ deda; afsu an _
afsn_afxazis deda samSoblo, afxazeTi.
sisxlis fasis gadaxdaSi, rogorc sazogadod yvela
valSi, erTi garemoeba metad Semaviwroebeli iyo valis
patronisaTvis. es is garemoeba iyo, rom winaT afxazebSi
TviToeul Tvis Tavze sargebeli maneTze Sauri unda
gadaexada movales. fulad iqneboda gadasaxdeli Tu
saqonliT, sargebeli mainc didi iyo. Zroxa rom emarTe-
bodaT, sargeblad iwereboda yovelwliv misi xboc,
Tunda moego, Tunda ara; mere kidev zed ekeceboda am
gazrdili xbos moSenebulic; ase rom afxazi _ mimRebi
joxis Wrasa da TvlaSi iyo da sanam Tavni ar gaorkecde-
boda, manam xmas arcki iRebda. mxolod amis Semdeg saSin-
lad gamoekideboda movales. ai, am fulis Tvis Tavze
sargebels, romelic Tve da Tve dgeboda, da saqonlisas,
romelic wlisTavze ekeceboda Tavansa, afxazurad er-
qva sityva `amzeJ~.
igive kanoni moqmedebda sisxlis zRvevis saqmeSiac.
sisxlis vali, vadas gadacilebuli wlis Semdeg, oTxi
mtkaveli xuT mtkavelad CaeTvleboda, xuTi_eqvsad da
eqvsi _Svidad. magram, rogorc zeviTac iyo naTqvami,
radgan Svidmtkaveliani ymawvili ar iyo miRebuli, ami-
tom Svidmtkaveliani vali orad iyofoda da iniSneboda
ori oTxmtkavelianad. es garemoeba metad aZnelebda
sisxlis fasis gadaxdas. amitom SeuZleblobis gamo,
araiSviaTad mTeli jalabobac valSi mohyolia. magram
afxazebi SewevniTa da saCuqrebiT naqebni iyvnen da arian
da es Cveuleba Zalian exmareboda movales. sakmarisi iyo
eTqva afxazs sityva: `sisxli damedo~-o da ucbad moh-
krebda ramdensame aTeul da oceul xarsa da Zroxas...
raki am saxiT dauamdeboda guli mosisxle mters, cdi-
lobdnen mere imis daSoSmanebas sulierad da zneobriva-
dac. amisaTvis dahpatiJebdnen an TviTon mas an mis Svils
da `akbeninebdnen~ mkvlelis colis, an dedis ZuZuze, ix-
didnen gazrdilad, Svilobilad. am SemTxvevaSiac calke
saCuqars uZRvnidnen.
20 21
Cveulebrivi darbaisluri sityviT daajeros, rom dab-
rZandnen. Tu amgvari sityvis ZaliTac vera gaawyo ra da
ar dajda is, visac ar ekadreba fexze dgoma misi xelis
banis dros, maSin TviTonac dgeba da fexze mdgomare
ibans xels. agreTve saxlSi Sesvlis dros karebTan im-
arTeba Tavaza da patiJoba stumrebs Soris, anu stu-
marTa da maspinZelTa Soris, rom erTi meoreze win Se-
vides. cxenze Sejdomis dros ufross umcrosi uWers
abzindas, uzangs, pirveli ki exveweba nu swuxdebio. ori
cxenosani Seiyarnen, vTqvaT, Tu gind tyeSi. umcross
maTgans saTqmeli aqvs rame. ar SeiZleba cxenze ijdes
da ise uTxras, Camoxteba da daiwyebs laparaks. meorec,
Tu Sesaferad dainaxavs, cxenidan Camoxteba, an arada
etyvis, rad Seswuxdi, mjdariyavio. vTqvaT, orni midian
da erTi miuaxlovda Tavis saxls, meorem ar gadauxvia
Tavisi Tanamgzavris saxlSi, Tumca Txovna bevri daix-
arja. es meore Tavis Tanamgzavrs uceremoniod rodi
daanebebs Tavs da rodi Seva Sin; uTuod gahyveba, gaaci-
lebs da manam ar dabrundeba ukan, sanam Tavisi amxanagi
Cveulebrivi TxovniT ar Seawuxebs da asjer ar etyvis:
dabrundio, nuRar swuxdebio...
pativsacem kacTa krebaSi, Tu gasvla saWiro Seiqmna
gareT, rac xSirad moxdeba saxlis siviwroisa gamo, kaci
da ufro qali ise TvalTmaqcurad moaxerxebs gasvlas,
rom zurgi aravis ar Seaqcios.
ena afxazTa aSkarad mowmobs afxazebis zrdiloba-
Tavazianobas sityva-pasuxSiac. igi xSirad xmarobs si-
tyvebs: gTxov, rogorc ganaTlebul qveynebSi ician, Seni
Wirime, Seni Tavis Wirime, da sxvani. afxazebi, metadre
qalebi, amboben: `Sen Semogevlos Cemi Tavi~, `ra adgilze-
dac dgexar, im adgils Semovevle~, da marTlac, afxazi
qali didi xniT unaxavs an avadmyof gazrdils gars uvlis
samjer am sityvebiT: `Seni avi, Seni faTeraki me wameRos~
_ ucge mcuge seizgait5 [ucvgiamucvgia se izgaait].
5 afxazis rwmeniT, am garSemovlis dros namdvilad gadaedeba kacs
misi avi da faTeraki, rasac gars uvlis. amitom, Tu rames SecdomiT Sem-
ouara afxazma, maSinve ukan dabrundeba, avi ara wamomedos ra am garSe-
movlilis senisao.
aramed saxlis win Saragzaze gamvleli vinmec rom dain-
axos saRamo Jamze, maSinaTve mimarTavs: `bziala vahbeit~
[unda iyos: bziala vaabeit _ red.]* _ mSvidobiT gnaxeT,
keTilad gnaxeTo. es aris stumris misaRebi salami. amiT
aniSnebs, rom surs da mzad aris maspinZlad daxvdes da
pativi sces. Semdeg epatiJeba da Txoulobs: `gadmoux-
vieT, moisveneT; aw daRamda, sadRa waxvalT, Rame gaa-
TieT da dila adre gzas gaudeqiTo~. da Tu mgzavrma,
nacnobi iyos, Tunda ucnobi, marTla Seuxvia afxazis
saxlSi, darwmunebuli unda iyos, rom miiRebs Sesafer
pativiscemas... da Tu ar daTanxmda, maSin mgzavri miaZ-
axebs: `ubeixet~ [ubeiaxeit] _ gamdidrdi, gmadlobo,
da gaswevs Tavis gzaze. afxazTa Sorisac, rogorc sxva
mTielebSiac, stumari, mosisxle mteric rom iyos, xel-
Seuxebelia...
am stumarTmoyvareobasa da puradobasTan afx-
azi metad Tavaziania, darbaiseli da pativismdebeli
ufrosTa. yvela es gamoixateba aTas sxvadasxva cxovre-
bis wvrilmanebSi. aq Cven moviyvanT ramdenime magaliTs
yoveldRiuri cxovrebidan. sazogadod saWmlis miRebis
win da Semdeg afxazebSi mudam xels ibanen. am SemTxvevaSi
pirvelad xels ibans ufrosi da Semdeg sxvebi, rig-rigad,
ufros-umcrosobis mixedviT. agreTve igive wesia dac-
uli Rvinis smis dros. amitom yovel amgvar SemTxvevaSi
afxazebi erTmaneTs eTavazebian da epatiJebian, rom
erTma meoreze uwin miirTvas Rvino an daibanos xeli. am
Tavazianobasa da patiJobaSi marTlac bevri darbais-
luri da Tavaziani sityvebi ixarjeba: `Seni Wirime, Sen
ar momikvde, yvela eseni ar momikvdes, gamCeni RmerTis
madlma~. gazrdilis saxelsac ficuloben.
rodesac erTi vinme pirvel Rvinos dalevs an xels
daibans, Semdeg igive ceremonia iwyeba danarCenebSi da
ase bolomdis. garda amisa, rodesac ufrosi xels ibans,
umcrosni fexze wamodgebian. ufrosi am dros cdilobs
* aq da qvemoT kvadratul frCxilebSi Cawerilia afxazuri sityvebis
marTebuli formebi _ redaqtorebi.
22 23
miiyvaneo; pasuxi: `bzia ubeit~_keTili naxe... mwyemss:
`ubza hit~ [ubza hvit] kargad abalaxe, aZove; pasuxi ig-
ive... yurZnisa anu kaklis mkrefs, xeze mjdomares eub-
nebian: `nar ulbaait~ uvneblad da xvavianad Camoxvedi;
pasuxi igive; monadires: ̀ zfs iaxeu SzfSuh~ [zfs iaaxiou
SvizfSup] _ visic suli mosuli iyos, gicdides, gelo-
des; visac dakluli nadiri moaqvs, eubnebian: `udrvet
edixeit~ [udirviatv eiRxeit] _ kvlavindeli ukeTesi
iyos, da foTlebs Tavze gadaayrian. simindis motexis
dros muSas eubnebian: `mar umoup~ _ xvavi gaqvs, xvavi
mogeces. mTaze karavTan misvlaze amboben: `umca xara
baandav eroup (an tyavroup)~, e.i. Tqveni karavi (kera)
tyveTa daWerisaa. pasuxi igive _ `keTili naxe~. erTi
karavidgan meoresTan mimsvleli ambobs: `umca xara baJ
Sroup~ _ Tqveni kera gareuli Txis mokvlisa iyos... sa-
zogadod muSaobis dros mosaqmes eubnebian: `bzia uJit~
[bzia uuit] _ keTili hqeni; pasuxi igive. gamoTxovebis
dros eubnebian: `uusaa zaziaxeit~ [uus aabziaxeit] _
Seni saqmoba keTili iyos. iaraRis daxedvisa da gasin-
jvis Semdeg patrons eubnebian: `xiZ alaugeit~ _ saxeli
mogaxveWinos, saxeli SegeZinos.
exlandeli afxazi saqmeSic da sityvaSic pirmoT-
neobs da formalistobs. mudam cdilobs yovelive ise
aRasrulos, rogorc miRebulia, Tundac guliT arcki
TanaugrZnobdes aseT wess. afxazi dastiris saSineli
TavganwirviT micvalebuls, romlis sikvdili, iqneba,
uxaria kidec. afxazs SeuZlia gulSi sul sxva ifiqros
da saqmiT ki sul sxva isaqmos; SeuZlia gepatiJebodes,
geTavazebodes da gulSi saSinlad sZagde da Seni mtro-
ba Rrmad hqondes damarxuli. magram gana cotani arian
ganaTlebul xalxSic iseTni, romelnic Tvalis asaxvevad
gundruks ukmeven imas, rac azriTa da guliT sisuleled
miaCniaT?! da amgvar saqciels afxazic, ise rogorc sx-
vanic, mxolod Tavisi sargeblobisaTvis kadrulobs, sa-
kuTari interesisaTvis farisevlobs da TvalTmaqcobs.
rodesac afxazi Tavis saqmeze mouTxrobs vinmes an
sTxovs vinmes rames an davobs, laparakSi metad Tavs im-
dablebs; visac elaparakeba, imas ki piriqiT, aqebs. `me
imodena codnis patroni ar viyavi, erTi briyvi vinme
var, magram TqvenisTanebs rom davekiTxeo... me ra Seme-
Zlo, magram Tqvenis SemweobiT da im sazogadoebis mow-
yalebiT da SemweobiT, romelsac vekuTvni, `civ Roms
vloRnidi~...
rodesac afxazi miesalmeba afxazs, anu gamoesalmeba
erTsa Tu ramdensames da fexze wamoudgebian, xelebis
Sesaferis moZraobiT mravaljer ambobs: ̀ brZandebodeT,
nu SewuxdebiTo~. sazogadod salamis micemis dros miRe-
bulia, rom sami TiTi marjvena xelisa erTmaneTs miatyu-
pos da maRla aswios. amgvarad afxazi diliT miesalmeba
umdablesi umaRlessa: `Szbzia~ [SJbzia] _ dila mSvido-
bisa (guten morgen, доброе утро); gamoeTxoveba diliT: `Sum-
Saa bziaxeit~ _ dRe keTilad, anu Tqveni dReni keTil
iyos~. SuadReze da diliT salami: ̀ mSbzia~ _ dRe keTil-
isa (guten tag, добрый день). gamoTxovebis dros: `SumSaa bi-
azeit~ [SumS aabziaxeit], e.i. rogorc diliT. saRamoze
salami: `xulu bzia~ _ saRamo mSvidobisa, (guten abend,
добрыи вечер); gamoTxovebis dros: `uwxaa bziaxeit~ _
Rame keTilisa, Tqveni Rame keTili iyos; RamiT: `wxbzia~
_ Rame mSvidobisa (guten nacht, добрая ночь); gamoTxovebaze
ise ician salami, rogorc saRamoze. erTmaneTs rom Sehx-
vdnen da gaeyarnen mgzavrebi, am sityvebiT miesalmebian
da gamoesalmebian, magram Tu Sexvedrilebi cota xans
erTmaneTs emaslaaTnen, maSin gamoTxovebis dros erTi
ambobs: `bziala hainieit~ _ sikeTiT, keTilisaTvis
SeveyareniT, meore miaZaxebs: `abziaba vanieit~ [abziara
vanieit] _ keTilsa Sexvdi, SegemTxvioso. marulasa da
doRisaken mimavalni eubnebian: `aura uqup~ _ saSovari
gmarTebs, anu gelis; pasuxi: Tu marulas patronia, esec
`haicqup~ _ erTad gvmarTebs, Tu ara _ keTili naxe.
saqonlis mimreks eubnebian: `abza xaugaleit~ uvneblad
24 25
vaci da miaqvs sxva xorageulobac romelsame Tavad-
Tan, aznaurTan an SeZlebul glexTan da iq Soulobs cx-
ens. asea Tu ise, afxazs kargad Seugnia azri im leqsisa,
romelic ambobs:
`rasaca gascem Senia,
rac ara dakargulia.‘‘
ise ara uyvars-ra, rogorc cxeni da iaraRi, afxa-
zurad `abjar~, ara marto maRal wodebas, aramed da-
balsac. jer kidev ZuZumwovara ymawvili maRali wode-
bisa Cinebulad xmarobs cxens da iaraRs, TiTqos dedis
mucelSive eswavlos. iaraRi: dambaCa, xmali, xanjali,
dana, sadgisi da sxv. ganuSorebeli megobaria afxazisa.
rodesac afxazi ase SeiaraRebulia, zis cxenze, nabadi
gverdze aqvs gadmogdebuli da midis, miimReris, cxens
miaTamaSebs Tavis tol-amxanagebSi, maSin aris misi aR-
dgoma, udidesi dResaswauli. afxazs ver warmoudgenia,
rogor SeiZleba ucxenod icxovros kacma da amitom nax-
evarze met sicocxles cxenze atarebs.
sazogadod, cxenosnoba da cxenze TamaSi gavrcele-
bulia araTu maRal, aramed dabal wodebaSiac. pirvelad
yvela saero TamaSobaTa Soris, romelTac aseTi didi
mniSvneloba aqvs xalxis sulisa da xorcis varjiSobaSi,
cxenosnoba da jiriTi unda davasaxeloT. cxeniT TamaSze
Cven Semdeg vilaparakebT, aq ki davasaxelebT Semdegs
sxva garTobas: 1) burTaoba, 2) `arkil~ _ riki, 3) qvis
srola-tyorcna. qvis srola-tyorcnac sayvareli gar-
Tobaa da erTnairi kmayofilebiT Seeqcevian, rogorc
didni, ise patarani. musika da saxalxo poezia afxazTa,
Tu ara vcdebiT, dgas sakmaod dabal xarisxze. erTader-
Ti samusiko iaraRi Canguria, romelic qarTvelebisagan
unda hqondeT SemoRebuli; amas gvimtkicebs Cven imisi
qarTuli saxelwodeba aCangur, `buki-abki~. afxazuri
leqsebi, romelTagan bevrni SinaarsiT poezias mokleb-
marTlac, afxazi, Tumca saxelsa da namuss didad
afasebs, magram arc sargeblobas iviwyebs mainca da
mainc... rodesac afxazi daunaxavs vinmes raime mosawon
nivTs, maSinve Taviseburi momxiblavi da laquciani si-
tyva-pasuxiT iTxovs am nivTs. patronic dauyovnebliv
sTavazobs. es Cveuleba ufro winaT iyo gavrcelebuli.
sruliad sakmarisia, Tqvas afxazma raime nivTze: ̀ ra kar-
gia, rogor momwonso?!~ da patroni maSinve uTavazebs,
magram im imediT, rom Tavisi ar dahkargos, da, marTlac
odesme iseT rames sTxovs da iCuqebs, romelic arafriT
ar CamorCes fasiTa da RirseulobiT imas, rac Tavad gas-
ca.
rodesac afxazs gasaWiri daadgeba da Tavisi moyvre-
biT veRaras iSvelis, maSin axals mokeTes iZens moyvrad
da iZens iseTs, romelic Svelis gasaWir saqmeSi. amna-
irad gatexil saxels aRidgens da amisaTvis bevrsac
daxarjavs. amgvarad Tumca saqmes gaikeTebs, magram arc
is aviwydeba, Tu ramdenad daujda es saqme, romelic
maSin misi dardi da varami iyo... Semdeg rodesme, viT
SorsmWvreteli politikosi, ramdenime TviT adre, sanam
sTxovdes raimes, am axal moyvrisas misvla-mosvlas ux-
Sirebs, mzadaa yovelive ausrulos, `mosakiTxic~ ufro
xSirad miaqvs masTan, _ erTi sityviT, ise uCvenebs Tavs,
rom afiqrebinos: swored amaze ukeTesi megobari ara
myavso. mere erTerT dResaswaulze, rodesac mosakiTxi
miaqvs, sTxovs rasme da am saxiT moyvrulad ibrunebs
gacemulsa da danaxarjs.
ZRveniT misvla-mosvla, `ZRvnoba~ metad gavrcele-
bulia afxazTa Soris. magaliTad, afxazs ara hyavs cx-
eni, unda ki SeiZinos, magram fasi ara aqvs, gadasacvleli
saqoneli ara hyavs. fasad asSi erTi cxeni ar iyideba
da arc gaiyideba afxazeTSi, Tumca, sazogadod, gansa-
kuTrebiT Tavadaznauroba, dReobiT ki ara, saaTobiT
icvlis cxens. am SemTxvevaSi uqonels mihyavs verZi, anu
26 27
a. (zemoT moyvanil pirvel leqsSi)
varvultu... barфuntu
b. Wilar marda yulardam
g. arba arba sinarba
d. masTa masTarou
masTa sTaxou
siamul uca
siamul sTaxou
sianjar uca.
gvelis Selocvidan:
xut xut xudan-fa
Wrkva Wrkva Wrtelaz
arasa varasa vasatan...
yofa-cxovreba afxazTa. _ ojaxi. _ qalis
mdgomareoba
afxazebSi Sroma ganawilebuli ar iyo. araTu Tvi-
Toeuli sofeli, TiTqmis yoveli calke mosaxlec
saWiro nivTebs TviTon ikeTebda im masalidan, raca
xelSi eqneboda: zogs kaci akeTebda da zogs qali. qali
saimiso xelosnobaSi metad daxelovnebuli iyo da kidec
aris. xolo saxli afxazisa, rogorc exlave davinaxavT,
iseTs aRaras warmoadgens, ris gakeTebac yovel afxazs
TviTonve ar SeeZlos da ar icodes. aris mxolod erTad-
erTi xeloba, romelic Txoulobs gansakuTrebul cod-
nas. Cven vambobT mWedlobaze. exlac afxazeTis yovel
sofelSi TiTo, an meti mWedelia da igi dResac, vinc ki
mimarTavs, ukeTebs yovelgvar iaraReulobas da nivTebs
usasyidlod da amisTvis sakmaoa, moutanon naxSiri
da Zveli ram rkineuloba. rac unda iyos, mWedlobas,
romelsac aseTi didi mniSvneloba aqvs arsebobisaTvis
brZolaSi bunebisa da adamianis winaaRmdeg, Cven vxedavT
ulni ar arian, zogi TiTqos damyarebulia simetriis da
mwyobrsityvaobis kanonze. ai nimuSebic:
a) alifa qelamaT, ajgu ifa azdamr
afsnnZa mahra dcan ianxufhaca dramxafsit.
vorvultu sakakasa, barфuntu Waprxua
aSiqva dalaryeo, aSafSiqu dalarso
us dnargooit dpubazaz drchaupjimage
b) vo Zivava,
Zar ikvakva
markl-da!
ah ifa
v iJvom;
Z iJvom.
akvaraqva
eimidovo:
Z xuWk, Z xuWk.
maSin, rodesac zogierTi leqsi sasiamovnod ikiTxeba,
meti wili simReris gareSe hkargavs yovel Tavis Snosa da
lazaTs, riTmas da ufro mis aCrdilsa da msgavsebas mx-
olod aqa-iq mohkravT yurs. ase rom srul Tanasworobas
Sinaarssa da formas Soris, romlis magaliTebsac war-
mogvidgens Cveni saxalxo leqsebi, saca forma Seefereba
Sinaarss, Cven vera vxedavT afxazurs leqsebSi.
magram marto riTma da mwyobrsityvaoba ar atkbobs
adamianis yurTasmenas: aris erTi saxe leqsTwyobilebisa,
romelsac uwodeben alliteracias da romelic mdgo-
mareobs erTgvar xmaTa anu marcvalTa xSir-xSir ganmeo-
rebaSi6. am alliteraciiT Semkobil sityvas vxedavT Cven
ufro afxazur leqsebSi. ai magaliTebic:
6 aliteraciis magaliTs, mxolod ki riTmasTan SeerTebulisas, Cvens
literaturaSi warmoadgens Caxruxauli: `Tamar wynari Sesawynari,
nar-nari pir-mcinari~ da sxv.
28 29
umTavres dovlaTs afxazisas Seadgens oTxfexi Sin-
auri saqoneli. saqoneli da mxolod saqonelia sicocx-
lis burji, kacis mkvebavi, misi aRmzrdeli da Semnaxveli,
afxazisave azriT. usaqonlod afxazs ver warmoudgenia
cxovreba. upurobasac ki ufro advilad gauZlebs. afx-
azis azriT, mwyemsebi, romlebic uxvad xmaroben marto
xorceulobasa da rZiTa da erboTi ikvebebian, namdvil
netarebaSi arian. amitom afxazi oriode saqonlis gu-
lisaTvis, rodesac saZovari sakmaod ar eguleba, gad-
adis erTi alagidan meoreze7. mas am ayra-gadasaxlebas
isic uadvilebs, rom afxazebs arafrad miaCniaT facxis
dadgma. isic moxdeba xolme, rom, roca axlo sofelSi
gadasaxldeba, Tan miaqvs daurRvevelad facxa sxvebis
SemweobiT.
saxli _ facxa afxazisa, did SesaniSnaobas ar war-
moadgens. igi orgvaria garegani SexedulobiT: mrgvali
da oTxkuTxiani. kedeli facxisa gezad amaRlebulia da
Txilis momsxo wnelebi ganiT dawnulia ufro mowvrilo
wneliT. sarTulis kakutebi am dawnul kedelzea dayrd-
nobili, xolo zeviT Tavebi erTi-erTmaneTzea mikruli
venaxiT anu wirexiT; larZayinebze ki ganiT kvendRis Sem-
weobiT dakrulia aqa-iq lartyebi (finebi). es araxelov-
nuri Senoba daxurulia gvimriT, CaliT an isliT. amgvar
facxas, rogorc aRwerilobidanac Cans, sarTuli (da
saerTod TviT facxac) konusiseburi formisa aqvs... me-
oregvar facxas, romelic usworo oTxkuTxovania, wina
karebTan aqeT-iqiT wablis xis ori palo aqvs Casobili,
romelic cotad gadaxrilia erTimeoreze da maTi or-
TiTiani (kavebiani) wverebi erTimeores uerTdeba. am xe-
7 exla ki, am ukanaskneli omianobis Semdeg, sxvadasxva mizezis gamo
(sxvadasxva xalxebTan Setakeba, mamulebis gamijvna maRal wodebaTaT-
vis, saZovrebis Semcireba, aReb-micemobisa da vaWrobis gaZliereba),
afxazebis cxovrebam feri icvala: saqonlis gaSenebam pirveli alagi
miwaTmoqmedebas dauTmo da dRes simindis Tesva dRiTidRe matulobs
da afxazeTidan sazRvargareT TandaTan meti da meti simindi gaaqvT.
rogorc niSans Sromis ganawilebisas. am xelobas, romel-
sac egodeni mniSvneloba aqvs da yoveli afxazi ver mis-
wvdeba, garda sateqniko mniSvnelobisa, aqvs religiuri
mniSvneloba, romelzedac Cven vilaparakebT Semdeg.
am saxiT aReb-micemobas an sxva rame mrewvelobas afx-
azi sruliad ar misdevs, radganac sircxvilad miaCnia.
bevri iseTi sakuTari nawarmoebi aqvs afxazs, romelic,
aReb-micemoba rom yofiliyo afxazeTSi gavrcelebuli,
dResac karg Semosavals SesZenda. magaliTad, afxazis
qali cxvrisa da Txis tyavisagan akeTebs samogves msgavs
`cuS~-sa, romelsac sazafxulo qveSagebisaTvis xmaro-
ben da rac ucxoelT Zlier moswonT. kacebi akeTeben
saukeTeso xisa da rqis kovzebs. bevri monadire wli-
wadSi Svid-rva daTvs mohklavs, magram erT tyavsac ar
gahyidis. amas imitom sCadis, rom xeli ar gadahyves.
yidva-gayidvaSi afxazi fuls ar xmarobs, nivTs nivTze
scvlis.
amgvarad, cxovrebis umTavres saxsars, mudam sazoga-
doebaSi garTuli da Tavis yofa-cxovrebis gaumjobe-
sobaze naklebad mzrunavi afxazisas, Seadgens miwaTmo-
qmedeba da pirutyvTa movla. futkris yolasac metad
xels uwyobs afxazeTis mdidari buneba. mTis kalTebze
mdebare soflebSi mcxovrebT bevrs orasi da meti ska
udgiaT.
afxazebi Tesen marto siminds da salocavebisaTvis
asSi erTjer purs. simindma sruliad gaaZeva afxazeTi-
dan Romi, romelic ramdenime aTeuli wlis win, rogorc
Tanamedrove moxucnic mowmoben, TiTqmis erTaderTi
gavrcelebuli mcenare yofila. am garemoebiT SesaZloa,
kacma axsnas afxazuri saxelwodeba Romisa, romelsac
hqvian afsua bsTa _ `afxazuri Romi~. axla ki aq am afxa-
zur Roms kaci iSviaTad mokravs Tvals. garda simindisa,
Sin saxmareblad afxazebs mohyavT Tambaqo, bamba, seli,
kanafi da mcireodeni bostneuloba.
30 31
dagdebuli salesi qva. ai, afxazis saxlis yvela avejeu-
loba SuaTana mosaxlisa.
meoregvari facxa afxazs udgas rogorc saerTo didi
saxli, xolo pirveli _ ̀ qvacu~_axal colSerTulTaT-
vis (amhara). Raribebi kmayofilni arian marto pirveli
gvaris saxliT.
maSasadame, saxli afxazisa, romlis asaSeneblad
TiTqmis erTi Reri lursmanic ar daixarjeba, warmoad-
gens uZveles sadgurTa msgavsebas masaliT, garegani
formiT da simartiviT. mrgvali facxis magivrad exla
ufro oTxkuTxiani sadgomi vrceldeba da amis asaSen-
eblad `makratlebis~ magivrad xandisxan win da ukan
direebze damdgar xeebze amyareben sarTuls. es kargi
cvlilebaa. amisi Sedegia isic, rom zog facxas wina da
ukana kedeli ficris aqvs.
Cven dagvaviwyda gveTqva, rom keras zemoT Camok-
idebulia rkinis naWa da imis gverdiT xis kavi, romelic
gviCvenebs, Tu ramdenad xangrZlivia erTxelve SemoRe-
buli iaraRi. am Camosakideblebze hkidia Tujis qvabebi,
romlebSiac ixarSeba da mzaddeba saWmeli.
yoveldRiuri da Cveulebrivi saWmeli afxazisa
yveli, simindis Romi da mawonia. ubralo Romis garda
akeTeben axalyvelgareul Roms (aelaj), rZiTa da yveliT
(aCamuqua). zamTrobiT afxazis saWmeli ubralod moxar-
Suli xorcia. yvela xorcze metad afxazs Txis xorci
uyvars. Rvinosac siamovnebiT miirTmevs, Tumca uamiso-
dac ki sZlebs, xolo umawvnod ki vera. kibos da sxv. afx-
azi ar miekareba; Tevzsac Zlier erideba, mxolod exla
cota-cota SeeCvia. zogierT bostneul mcenareTa Wama,
rogorc balaxisa, afxazs sasacilod miaCnia. sazogadod
afxazs mware da pilpilmoreuli saWmeli uyvars... sa-
locavTaTvis afxazebi amzadeben simindis fqvilisagan
patara konusiseburi formis mWadebs, romlebsac hxar-
Saven wyalSi samarxod an rZeSi saxsnilod. amas afxazebi
uwodeben `axvaJa~ [axvaJva].
ebs, romlebic cota ar iyos, makratelsa hgavs, afxazebi
eZaxian `amarkatl qva~. am `makratlebsa~ da meore mxriT,
erT direze gadebulia gasayari, romelic sarTulis
dasamagrebelia. sarTuli am facxas ufro CamoSvebuli,
pirvelisaze ufro mobrtyelo, ese igi imeruli formisa
aqvs. amgvar facxas, romelic gakeTdeba ra sididisac
gnebavT, win didi derefanic eqneba da ukan meore ganyo-
filebac SesaZloa hqondes, romelSiac kaci ara dgas, mx-
olod saxlis sxvadasxva xabakebi awyvia, da zamTrobiT
saqonelsac abinaveben. facxas TixiT an sxva riTime ar
lesven, _ zamTarSi iqneba gvimra Semoakran da, maSasa-
dame, qari Tavisuflad Seisisinebs da, Tu gnebavT, wvi-
mac Seatans xolme SigniT.
facxis Suagul alagas bunebiT Tlili qvis an Sezeli-
li nacar-Tixisagan gakeTebuli keraa (axuTSaara). am ker-
aze cdiloben gauqroblad cecxli Seinaxon. cecxlis
boli maRla saxuravSi gadis, anu qaris kvalobaze tria-
lebs Sig facxaSi. amitom mTeli facxa da gansakuTrebiT
zeda nawili Wvartlisagan ise brwyinavs, TiTqos gangeb
Savad SeRebili iyos... facxaSi erT mxareze taxtia gama-
rTuli, cecxlis pirze dgas grZeli da cotaTi farTo
skami, romelic saWiroebisamebr taxtobasac asrulebs.
taxtze alagia qveSsageb-saxuravi, gamzadebuli saxlis
ufrosi qalis xeliT; iqve dgas erTi ubralo skivri (ki-
dobani), romelSiac awyvia kacisa da qalis usaWiroesi
nivTeuloba. zeviT kedelze Camokidebulia unagiri,
maTraxi da zogierTi iaraRi. kuTxeSi kedelTanve dai-
naxavT Romis samzad iaraRebs, Camokidebul patara ka-
laTas, romelSiac inaxeba sanovage, xis an rqis kovzebs,
jamebs, sawvels, gobs da sxva wvrilman nivTebs. xedavT
Tungs da taSts, xolo bevrs ukanaskneli sulac ara aqvs
da Tungis magivrobas asrulebs gamoqvabuli mware kvaxi,
ayiro. amas davumatoT saWreli iaraRebi, didi farTe
qva da masze mrgvali qvac (marilis sanayi) da sadme iqve
32 33
sazogadoebaSi zrdili, Tavaziani da darbaiseli
afxazi SinaurobaSi ver iCens am Tvisebebs. piriqiT, aq
igi sakmaod jiuti da kerpia. igi yovelTvis brZanebis
kiloTi, mkacrad elaparakeba Tavis umcrosebs _ cols,
Svils da sxvas. ase rom, rogorc b-ni sergei meCi ambobs,
afxazs ezareba ojaxSi daxarjos erTi tkbili, Tavaziani
da alersiani sityva.
afxazis qali damwyvdeuli ar aris: igi sargeblobs
didi TavisuflebiT. marTalia, ojaxze mamakaciviT
zrunavs da TiTqmis mometebuladac. afxazi qali Tavis
zurgiT daaTrevs wisqvilSi safqvavs, ara marto imitom,
rom afxazi daudevaria, aramed imitom, rom ebraleba
Tavisi Tavi da Tavisi cxenic ki. zogierT adgilas afx-
azis qali dResac Tavisi xeliT yovel dila-saRamoze
atrialebs patara xelis wisqvilebs da amiT hkvebavs
mTels saxlobas. es kidev araferi. igi moclil dros
akabiwebuli gverdze udgas mamakacs da Svelis Toxna-
margvlaSi. agreTve keTilSobilTa qalebi keTilSobil
kacebze nakleb SromaSi ar arian. yvela es, marTalia,
col-qmrobis uRlis simZimes odnav qalisaken gadahxris,
magram aseve aZlevs afxazis qals did uflebasa da Tav-
isuflebas. qali pativdebuli arsebaa. pataraobidan si-
beremde yvela Sesafer salams aZlevs. qali dadis yvela
yrilobaze, tirilsa da aRapze; igi Tavisuflad tria-
lebs mamakacebSi, Rebulobs monawileobas maTTan er-
Tad cekvaSi. araerTi magaliTi yofila imisa, rom xSirad
qali winamZRolad hyoliaT RamiT siarulis dros. qali
asrulebs religiur wesebsa da ceremoniebs da mloca-
vad iTvleba, rogorc afxazTa mier gaRmerTebuli zogi
mamrobiTi sqesis, ise mdedrobiTi sqesis wmindanebisa.
naTqvamis miuxedavad, qali unda iyos umanko, morcxvi.
igi ufros mamakacTa winaSe unda laparakobdes krZal-
viTa da moridebiT da, erTi sityviT, afxazis azriT, ar
varga, rom mandilosani qudosnobdes.
ufros-umcrosoba afxazis ojaxSi Zalian dacu-
lia. saxlis ufross (avn aihab) emorCileba TiToeuli
wevri ojaxisa. ojaxSi yvelaferi misi survilisame-
br TadarigiT keTdeba... qalebis Sesaxebs saqmeebSi
ufrosobs ojaxis ufrosi qali (avn eihab afhs [afhus]).
ase da amrigad, ufrosni ganageben saojaxo saqmeebs da
maTve emorCilebian umcrosni wevrni ojaxisani. marTa-
lia, xSirad ufrosebs es ufleba marto formalurad
aqvT daculi: rodesac umcrosni saojaxo saqmeebSi met
Wkuas, gamocdilebas da fxas gamoiCenen, maSin saqmiT es-
eni ufrosoben. saxlis ufrosi kaci da qali, sxvaTaSo-
ris, yvela saojaxo religiur ceremoniaTa da locvaTa
aRmasrulebelni arian da saxlis ufrosi mamakaci, Tu
sxvebze ufro xnieria, mTel sagvaro salocavebsac as-
rulebs. am mizezis gamo Svilebi Sesaferi pativiscemiT
inaxaven sruliad dauZlurebul ded-mamas. ded-mamis
sicocxlis dros Svilebi iSviaTad gaeyrebian imaTac
da erTmaneTsac. Tu gaiyarnen, cdiloben ar awyeninon
ded-mamas. amisTana SemTxvevaSi mSoblebs miaqvT mTeli
qonebis naxevari. danarCens Svilebi iyofen. roca deda
da Svilebi unda gaiyaron, dedas Tavis namziTvi srulad
miaqvs da garda amisa, TviToeuli Svilis wilis Tanabar-
ic; Semdeg romel erT Svilsac amoirCevs, imasTan sdgeba
sacxovreblad. gayrisa da saerTo qonebis gayofis dros
ufros Zmas miaqvs naufrosali (aihabSaxu): Tu bevri
saqoneli hyavT, miaqvs TiTo arCeuli suli yovelgvar
pirutyvisagan, da, Tu bevris patronni ar arian, maSin
erTs kargs aiyvans `naufrosal~ wilad. umcros Zmasac
miaqvs naumcrosali (eiwbSaxu), romelic naufrosalze
cotaTi naklebi iqneba. am naufrosalisa da naumcrosa-
lis gamoricxvis Semdeg, rac darCeba, amas Zmebi Tanas-
worad hyofen. mamis saxl-kari ezo da sxva rCeba umcros
Zmas; qaliSvilebs vaJebze naklebi gaaqvT.
34 35
moiZebneba, romelsac TiTo an meti gazrdili ara hyavdes
Tavadi, an aznauri. aqedan isic cxadia, rom asSiac erTi
Tavadaznauri ar moipoveba, romelic dedis ZuZuTi iyos
aRzrdili.
roca Tavadaznauris qals Svili eyoleba, aRmoCn-
deba ramdenime glexi yrmis aRsazrdelad ayvanis msur-
veli (xSirad moxdeboda xolme uwin glexebs Sua Cxubi
da Setakeba, radganac yvelas TavisTvis surda waeyvana
axladdabadebuli) da imaTgan mSoblebi airCeven erTs.
im dRes, rodesac ZiZas mihyavs bavSvi, mSoblebi lxins
marTaven axali ZiZis Semosvlis gamo. amave dRes mSoble-
bi ZiZas aZleven TiTo xel tanisamoss, akvnis gasawyobs,
patara spilenZis qvabs bavSvis amosabanad da sxvadasxva
wvrilmaneulobas. aRmzrdelma qalma am droidan daim-
saxura pativcemuli wodeba ZiZasi _ `anaZZei~ _ deda
ZiZa _ `dedamZuZe~ da, marTlac, am dRidan rogorc Tvi-
Ton ZiZa, ise misi qmari `abaZZei~ _ `mamamZuZe~, didad
pativcemulni xdebian. ZiZas Sin mihyavs bavSvi, romelic
agreTve iwodeba am droidan im gvareulobis gazrdilad
_ axufha, romelsac ekuTvnis ZiZis qmari... gamzrdelebi
bavSvs ar akleben tkbil, saTuT, alersian movlas. ori-
sami wlis Semdeg gazrdili pirvelad mohyavT ded-mami-
sas, rom uCvenon mSoblebs. maT moaqvT gazrdilis ded-
mamisaTvis ZRveni: erTi, an ori xari, vaci, yverulebi,
Rvino, puri da sxva xorageuloba. isev imarTeba lxini
ZiZis mosvlisa da Svilis pirvelad moyvanis gamo. am lx-
inSi, romelzedac dapatiJebulni iqnebian axlo-axlo
mezoblebic, did pativs sdeben ZiZasa da mis qmars. isini
ara Tu gazrdilis, misi ded-mamis uwinac xels ibanen
da Rvinosac smen. gazrdilma da misma mSoblebma gamz-
rdelebi, roca SemTxveva moiTxovs, cxenzed unda Ses-
van, e.i. unagiris abzinda dauWiron da sxv.
ramdenime dRis Semdeg ZiZa da misi qmari dasaCuqreb-
ulni saqonliT, tanisamosiT, Tu fuliT Sin brundebian
miuxedavad amisa, afxazis qali, umizezod qmrisa-
gan daTxovnili, midis uSiSrad saero yrilobaze, sadac
sxva dros qvrivebis garda qalebi iSviaTad daeswrebi-
an, da aq mamakacze aranaklebi gambedaobiT da mWevrme-
tyvelobiT icavs Tavs. Tu afxazs sxvadasxva SemTxvevaSi
SeuZlia daiTxovos coli, samagierod colsac SeuZlia
Tavi daanebos qmars.
gazrda. gazrdili. gamzrdeli
im dros, rodesac batonymoba srul ZalaSi iyo, dab-
ali wodeba afxazeTSic Zlier Seviwroebuli iyo. batoni
ise epyroboda Tavis qveSevrdoms, rogorc ukanasknel
nivTs: arTmevda yvelafers, hyidda da agiravebda, roca
SemTxveva da garemoeba moiTxovda. batonymobis gad-
agdebis Semdegac am ukanasknel dromde bevrad ar gan-
kargebula afxazeTSi glexkacobis mdgomareoba, radgan
qurdoba, Zarcva, avazakoba afxazebis TavadaznaurTa xe-
lobas Seadgenda. Tumca glexkacobac afxazeTSi qurdo-
baSi umecari ar aris, magram mainc igi xom ver gabedavda
samagieros gadaxdas, e.i. Tavad-aznaurobis sakuTrebis
moparvas...
amitom dabal wodebas iseTi Cveuleba gamougonia,
romlis SemweobiT glexs SeeZlo Tavisi batonis siyvaru-
lis damsaxureba. es Cveuleba Tavadaznaurebis Svilebis
aRsazrdelad ayvana iyo. Tavadaznaurnic kmayofilebiT
aZlevdnen Svilebs gasazrdelad da amiT Tavadaznaure-
bi iZendnen siyvaruliTa da pativiscemiT savse moyvrebs;
agreTve maT colebs bavSvebze zrunva ar sWirdebodaT;
sazogadod afxazis maRali wodebis qalebs metad samZi-
mo saqmed miaCniaT ymawvilebis aRzrda.
unda aRvniSnoT, rom afxazeTSi mosaxle glexi ar
36 37
maT, Savs icvams, Tavze Tmas uSvebs, Tavisi xarjiT uke-
Tebs maT kubos da meTadarigea micvalebulis datire-
bisa da dasaflavebis wesebsa da ceremoniebSi. rodesac
micvalebulis mosaxseneblad aRapi iqneba, gazrdils
mohyavs dasaklavi _ `sulis misacemi~ _verZi an cxeni
da am drosac meTadarige da mamSvenierebelia.
agreTve Tu ZiZaSvils coli malviTa da motacebiT
mohyavs, gazrdili moTavea qalis motacebasa da gadmoy-
vanaSi, Tu vinicobaa qalis Wirisuflebma Seityves da
gamoekidnen, gazrdili Tavis mxleblebiT sityvis an ia-
raRis SemweobiT arasgziT ar aZlevs erTxel gamoyvanil
qals da, saqmis mogvarebamde, qals Tavis saxlSi inaxavs,
sadac Tavdasxmas veravin gaubedavs. rodesac ZiZaSvils
cxadliv mohyavs sacolo an rodesac mihyavT ZiZaSvili
qali, maSin gazrdili umTavres mayrad iTvleba. axlad-
moyvanil rZals Tavze gadaagdebs cxens, xolo pirbadis
axsnisa da qalis pirisaxis naxvis dros fuls. erTi si-
tyviT, yovel `keTilSobilursa da vaJkacur~ saqmeebSi
gazrdili icavs gamzrdelTa interesebs, rogorc Tavis
sakuTars.
Tavis mxriv, glexni-gamzrdelni arafers ar zogaven
gazrdilisaTvis. isini ficuloben gazrdilis saxels da
rodesac gamzrdelni ificeben imis saxels, magaliTad,
Semdegi saxiT: `kvaji~ (mamakacis saxelia) ar momikvdes,
anu CiCize avi ar menaxos da sxv., maSin isini, rogorc
TviTon afxazebi amboben, wyalsac ar daleven. pativi
da siyvaruli gazrdilisadmi iqamde miaRwevs, rom, Tu
gazrdili moukvdaT, mainc imis saxels gamzrdelni ase
ficuloben: is (micvalebulis saxels axseneben) ar mo-
mikvdes, e.i. rogor hkadron gazrdils, rom igi mkvdari
iyos maSin, rodesac TviTon cocxalni arian. is maTT-
vis cocxalia, mudam axsovT ise, rogorc cocxali da
ara mkvdari... yovel weliwads gamzrdelT moaqvT gaz-
rdilTan mosakiTxi: Sobas yverulebi, yveli an puri an
TavianTi gazrdiliT. gazrdili gamzrdelebisas rCeba
8-9 wlamde da Semdeg ded-mamisas mohyavT, magram bavSvs,
romelmac 8-9 weliwadi gaatara ZiZisas, romelic ZuZus
awovebda da metad tkbilad da nazad zrdida, raRa Tqma
unda, samudamod Caenergeba gulSi siyvaruli ZiZisa,
ZiZaSvilebisa da mTeli im ojaxobisa; ded-mamis saxli ki
sapatimrod miaCnia; Semdegac, roca ded-mama nebas dar-
Taven, daiareba gamzrdelebisas. Tu gazrdili obolia,
maSin colis SerTvamde da calke dasaxlebamde gamz-
rdelebisas imyofeba, rogorc Tavis sakuTar saxlSi...
gazrdilma gamzrdelTa interesi ise unda daicvas,
rogorc sakuTari. Tu rame mohpares gamzrdelebs (Cven
zemod SevniSneT, rom gamzrdelebad _ ̀ abraa~ _ iTvle-
ba mTeli gvareuloba namdvili gamzrdelisa) gazrdili
valdebulia dakarguli saqoneli moZebnos an qurdi aR-
moaCinos da erTi-orad gadaaxdevinos. Tu es ver Seas-
rula, didi sircxvilia Tavis tol TavadaznaurobaSi...
Tu vinmem gamzrdelT Seuracxyofa miayena sityviT an
saqmiT da maT Tavad ar SeuZliaT samagieros gadaxda,
gazrdili agebs Sesafer pasuxs. magaliTad, Tu Tavadma,
an aznaurma scema romelime glexs, maSin am glexis gaz-
rdilma samagierod unda scemos ara damnaSave Tavadi an
aznauri, radgan es meti iqneboda, vinaidan keTilSobil-
isa da glexis `sisxli~ erTi ar aris, aramed damnaSavis
romelime gamzrdeli glexTagani. Tu glexs raime saqme
aqvs, gazrdili farulad da cxadadac yovel Rones hxma-
robs, rom igi gamarjvebuli gamoiyvanos saqmidan. erTi
sityviT, glexs gverdiT udgas Tavisi gazrdili erTi
anu ramdenime Tavadaznauri.
rasakvirvelia, rodesac gazrdili mcirewlova-
nia, mis magivrobas asruleben imisi mSoblebi da Zmebi.
aviRoT ori garemoeba adamianis cxovrebidan: Wiri da
lxini, e.i. sikvdili da qorwili. Tu gazrdils moukv-
da ZiZa an misi qmari an ZiZaSvilebi, maSin igi dastiris
38 39
staqniT Rvinos miarTmeven da daalevineben, ris Semdeg
isev wamodgebian fexze da erT-erTi ukeTesi molaparake
daiwyebs sityvas: `dReis iqiT namdvili ZuZuTi gazrdi-
lis tolad gTvliT, Cvenc Tqven gzaze vadgivarT, raica
gvaqvs Cven, TqvenTvis ar daviSurebT, da Tqven, imedia,
CvenTvis araras dazogavT, sxva gazrdilebze win dagay-
enebT~ da sxv. bolos miarTmeven ramdenime maneTs. ram-
denime xnis Semdeg imave wesiTa da ceremoniiT aZleven
saCuqars fuliT winandelze naklebs, sxva momyolTac
_ TiTo Tavs (`xak~) rasme. TviT saCuqrebis micemis
dros afxazebi, visac aZleven, eubnebian: `vaWa enup~9 da
saCuqrebs am Ramisas da zogierT sxva SemTxvevebSiac
afxazebi uwodeben `aWanwa~10. meore dRes diliT aZlevda
saqonels, kameCebs, xarebs, Zroxebsa da sxv. naCuqarma,
gacemulma saqonelma, fulis gamoricxviT, erTiorad,
erTisamad unda gadaaWarbos gazrdilis mier moyvanilsa
da motanils. bolos es ambavi Tavdeba Semdegi uaRresi
mniSvnelobiT savse ceremoniiT. miwaze dafenil xali-
Caze an nabadze dadgmul kidobanze (skivrze) Semojdeba
maspinZeli qali _ momavali ZiZa, romelsac gverdiT
Tavisni tolni udganan. Semdeg karsgaredan Semodis da-
patiJebuli, qalis win daiCoqebs, muxls moiyris da Zu-
Zus samjer pirSi Caidebs, anu, rogorc afxazebi amboben,
samjer ZuZus `ukbens~ da TiToeulis `kbenis~ Semdeg im-
eorebs frazas: ̀ dReis iqiT mSobeli dedis msgavsi xar~...
am dRidan es kaci iTvleba `gazrdilad~. CamomavlobiT
tolebSi am Cveulebas namdvili Svilobilobis xasiaTi
eZleva. es garemoeba udris pataraobidan ZuZuTi aRz-
9 `vaWa enup~ _ am sityvas Tavisi Zveli azri da mniSvneloba dRes
sruliad daukargavs. amiT dRes afxazi igulisxmebs mxolod Semdegs:
`Seni saCuqari (mosarTmevi, feSqaSi) iyos~. raki CaukvirdebiT amas,
mixvdebiT, rom sityvasityviT niSnavs: aTi, mag., maneTi `Sens pirzed
sdevs~.
10 agreTve meore SeerTebuli sityva `aWanwa~ warmomdgaria imav or si-
tyvidan, e.i. aW (piri) da anwara (dadeba; dRes mxolod saCuqari, feSqaSi),
pirdapir: `pirzed dasadebeli~. es ori magaliTi vgonebT imis sabuTia,
rom Cveulebad hqondaT pirzed risimes dadeba.
mWadi, xolo aRdgomis dResaswaulebze kravi an Tikani
da `CemuqvaTi~ da amiT moikiTxaven xolme gazrdilebs.
sazogadod es mosakiTxi dResaswaulebze garegani niSa-
nia moyvrobisa da umdablesma umaRless unda miuta-
nos. Tu es niSani ar iqna daculi, maSin moyvrobac Sew-
yvetilia. raodenoba kravebisa da Tiknebisa, romelTac
moutanen visme aRdgomis dResaswaulebze an raodenoba
yverulebisa Sobis dResaswaulebze garegani sazomia
misi Rirsebisa da gavlenisa. ZiZaSvilebi uerTgule-
sni adamianni arian gazrdilisaTvis `RamiT siarulSi~
_ qurdobaSi. amitom Tavads an aznaurs qurdobaSi
dahyavs ZiZaSvilebi, romlebic imisTvis gasaWirSi Tavs
ar dazogaven. Tu gazrdili gardaicvala, gamzrdelTa
mwuxareba-vaebas sazRvari ara aqvs. mis dasaflavebaze,
Wirisuflobisa da jafis garda, gardasaxuravi fulic
moaqvT. agreTve aRapzedac mohyavT xari, erTi an ori, cx-
vari da sxv. rodesac gazrdilis colis moyvanaze lxini
iqneba, aqac saklavebiTa da SromiTac Semweobas aZleven,
qalsac SeZlebisadagvarad `gadaagdeben~. erTi sityviT,
fuliT, garjiT da riTac ki SeuZliaT gamzrdelni mzad
arian yovelTvis samsaxuri gauwion gazrdilebs.
amgvari gazrdis garda afxazeTSi aris meorenairi
gazrda. vinme glexTagans, magaliTad, gazrdili moukvda
an hyavs igi, magram saqmeebsa da gaWirvebaSi sakmaod vera
hxedavs da amitom surs sxva adamiani moigos gazrdilad,
magram iseTi kaci, romelic wlovani da gazrdilia. aseT
kacs afxazi glexi eubneba: `me msurs Cems saxlSi migiy-
vano, iq rom qalebi arian (colze), imaT ZuZuzed gakbeni-
no da SeZlebisamebr pativi gce~, e.i. saCuqari mogarTva.
daniSnul saRamos ase dapatiJebuli kaci iaxlebs or-sam
sxvas da modis glexisas8, sadac mzaddeba Sesaferi vaxSa-
mi. puris Wamis dros dampatiJebeli da misi monaTesaveebi
wamodgebian da daiCoqeben gazrdilad gasaxadis winaSe;
8 mas Tan mohyavs erTi cxeni da momavali ZiZisaTvis moaqvs sakabe.
40 41
qaliSvilis malulad wayvanas, Tavisi mokeTeebiTurT
gamoekidebian da cdiloben ukanve daibrunon gadayva-
nili qali, magram es metad Zneli da iSviaTia. saqmros
da mTels imis dass samarcxvinod miaCnia qalis dabrune-
ba da amitom yovel RonisZiebas xmaroben da iaraRsac
hkideben xels, Tu saqme gamwvavda. amasTan, ded-mamis
saxlidan gadayvanili qali, yovel SemTxvevaSi, gaupati-
urebulad iTvleba da sxva vinme iSviaTad waiyvans. ami-
tom qali, ZaliTac rom iyos motacebuli, mainc Tanxm-
deba da saqveynod aRiarebs, rom bedma es qmari marguna
da mxolod amasTan SemiZlia cxovrebao. amave mizezis
gamo qalis naTesavebic Tanxmdebian saqmis morigebiT
gaTavebas. qalis mSoblebi da saqmros megobrebi erTad
moiyrian Tavs da urigdebian erTmaneTs, ris Semdegac
siZe simamr-sidedrs da colis sxva naTesavebs Sesaferis
saCuqrebs aZlevs da TviTonac samagieros Rebulobs.
aq unda SevniSnoT, rom afxazi Tavisze umdablesi
gvarisa da mdgomareobis qals arcerT SemTxvevaSi ar
moitacebs, radgan samarcxvinod miaCnia. motaceba xde-
boda da xdeba ufro iq, sadac afxazs mohyavs an cotaTi
mainc umaRlesi Rirsebis qali, an Tavisi toli Rirsebi-
Ta da mdgomareobiT, romelic aSkarad aras SemTxvevaSi
ar gamohyveba colad. vaJma qals xeli sTxovos da misma
mSoblebma ar gaimeton da kidec gaamJRavnon, es xom didi
sircxvili iqneba. am garemoebiT aixsneba, Tu ratom da
ra SemTxvevaSi itacebs afxazi sacolos; itacebs ara
imitom, rom, rogorc zogierTni amboben, colis Sesasy-
idi urvaTi Tavidan aicilos. afxazebSi rom es mizezi ar
moqmedebs, iqidanaca Cans, rom qalis momtacebel qmars,
morigebis Semdeg, riTac TiTqmis mudam Tavdeba zemoT
aRniSnul mizezTa gamo motaceba, moelis igive xarji,
rac moutaceblad da mSvidobianad SemrTvels; mxolod
am ukanasknels dro eZleva. sazogadod saqmrom Tavisi
colis naTesavebi survilis da SeZlebisdagvarad unda
naxos. rasakvirvelia, rac ufro kargad naxavs, is ufro
sasaxeloa da ufro met mziTevsac unda moelodes... Tuki
rdas romelime adamianisa da amitom damokidebulebac
orsave mxriT iseTivea, rogoric zemod awerilia.
raRa saWiroa aRvniSno, rom glexebi marto Tavadazn-
aurobis Svilebs ara zrdian, Tumca es ufro xSiria, _
glexebi sasuliero kacTa, movaWreTa an isev glexTa Svi-
lebsac zrdian. aris xolme imisTana SemTxvevac, roca
aznaurebs warCinebuli TavadiSvilebi hyavT `gazrdil-
ebad~ da sxv.
zemonaTqvamidan mkiTxveli TviTonac gamoicnobs,
rom gazrdis saqmes didi mniSvneloba aqvs afxazeTSi.
mTeli cxovreba da damokidebuleba TavadaznaurTa da
glexTa Sua, TviT glexTa Soris da Tavadaznaurobis
urTierTSorisac, Tamamad SesaZloa iTqvas, am `gaz-
rdazea~ akinZuli. amaze cotad Tu bevrad afxazebis cx-
ovrebis daaxloebiT mcodnenic dameTanxmebian.
colis SerTvis wesi afxazeTSi
am aTis wlis winad afxazebSi ufro xSiri iyo sacolo
qalis namdvili motaceba, rodesac saqmros Tavisi tol-
amxanagebis SemweobiT mohyavda qali mis da misi mSobleb-
isa da naTesavebis daukiTxavad da dauTanxmeblad _
ZaliT. exla es pirdapiri motaceba iSviaTia, Tumca aqa-
iq exlac Tavs iCens xolme... ufro xSiria iseTi SemTx-
veva, rodesac Seyvarebuli qalis TanxmobiT, magram wi-
naaRmdeg qalis an Tavis ded-mamis survilisa, mohyavs
afxazs farulad, saidumlod da motacebiT. saqmro
Tavis tol-amxanagebiT SeiaraRebuli midis qalis mier
windawinve daniSnul alagas. am alagze, romelic xSirad
saxlidan daSorebuli iqneba ramdenime versis manZilze,
SuaRamiT gamodis qali, ded-mamis saxlidan gamoparuli.
qals Seajenen saukeTeso cxenze da gasweven Sin an rome-
lime gavlenian kacisaken... mSoblebic, raki Seityoben
42 43
siZe Tavisi mdadeTi. igi jer ara Tu colis naTesavebs,
TiTqmis aravis ara sCvenebia da lxinis Rames karSi, ga-
reT Sori-Sors daiareboda, bnelSi, an mezoblis saxlSi
iwva. mxolod meore dRes ZaliT SemohyavT saerTo sax-
lSi da aq nabadwingadmogdebuli, yabalaxiT pirSexveu-
li, ase rom TvalebiRa odnav mouCans, dgas kedelTan an
kuTxeSi atuzuli da krintsac ar iRebs. imis magivrad si-
tyva-pasuxs iZleva misi mdade, romelic gverdze udgas.
pirvel xnobiT siZe sidedr-simamrTan purs ara sWams da
Semdegac maTTan erTad erT sufras Tavis dReSi ar mou-
jdeba zogierT adgilebSi. coli da qmari erTad mTel
sicocxleSi ar eCvenebian qalis mSoblebs da es Cveuleba
dRemdinac mtkiced daculia bzifSi da abJuaSic, magal-
iTad, jgerdaSi; am Cveulebas sxva adgilebSiac misdeven,
mxolod ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi. mkiTxveli Tvi-
Tonac mixvdeba, rom qmars Tvali ufrosTaganma aravin
ar unda mohkras Tavisi colis `amharaSi~ _ sawol oTax-
Si, Sesvlisa da gamosvlis dros.
axladgaTxovili qali, momwyvdeuli Tavis patara
`amharaSi~, ar gamodis saerTo saxlSi, sanam vinme gareSe
kaci ar gamarTavs lxinsa da ar Semoiyvans. gaiSleba Tu
ara sufra da Semousxdebian wveulni, vinmes Semohyavs
axali rZali stumrebTan da mSoblebTan. aq erTerTi
moxuci mokeTeTagani an mama Samfurze agebul RviZls
aiRebs, wamodgeba da loculobs, rom mefe-dedofali
bednierni iyvnen, SeeZinoT vaJiSvilebi, qaliSvilebi da
erTmaneTs Seaberdnen, rogorc mze da mTvare.
Tavis mxriv, siZe colis naTesavebidan Sin dabruneb-
uli Tavis ded-mamas da sxva ufros naTesavs da moyvares
ver eCveneba sircxvilis gamo. amanac aq lxini unda gama-
rTos da es lxini, garda zemoTmoxsenebuli locvisa,
imiT aris SesaniSnavi, rom axalma colSerTulma Svilma
dedas, mamas, biZas, gamzrdels, erTi sityviT, yvela axlo
naTesavsa da ufros moyvares TviToeulad cal-calke
unda saCuqari misces fuliT Tu saqonliT (aWanwaqva). am
lxins Tavisi `aWanwebiT~ hqvia `afxaSaraxu~, rac Targ-
mSoblebi motacebuli qalisa da momtacebelis saqmrosi
maincadamainc ar morigdebian, maSin axali col-qmari
miuxedavad amisa ganagrZoben erTad cxovrebas, magram
es Zlier iSviaTi movlenaa. Tu motaceba qalisa yovelT-
vis SesaZlo ar aris da amasTan momtacebels, adre Tu
gvian, igive xarji moelis, cxadia, rom afxazebSi aSkara
da mSvidobiani colis SerTvac unda yofiliyo da kidec
vxedavT afxazebis cxovrebaSi. amitom Cven mokled mainc
avwerT amgvar colis SerTvas, radganac amaSi ixateba
ufro yvela wesebi da ceremoniebi, romelic miRebulia
colis SerTvis dros, radgan motacebiT colis SerT-
vac, raki morigebiT Tavdeba, sabolood amave saxes Re-
bulobs...
afxazebSi colis daniSvna ufro maWanklebis Semweo-
biT xdeba. maWankali saqmrosa da mis monaTesaveebs uqebs
sarZlos, sacolos, mis silamazes, yofaqcevas, ̀ xelovne-
bas~ da agreTve sacolosa da mis monaTesaveebs _ saqm-
ros, mis gvariSvilobas, vaJkacobas, qonebas da sxv. Tu
saqme gaariga, lxinSi dakluli xarebis Tavebs da tyavebs
igdebs xelSi, Cveulebis ZaliT...
daTanxmdebian Tu ara, saqmro da sacolo cvlian
ubralo nivTebs da orive mxris monaTesaveni niSnaven
dros, rodesac saqmro siZed unda Semovides. daniSnul
dros igi mayrebiTurT Semodis sasiZod; Tan Semoaqvs,
SeZlebisdagvarad, saCuqari fuliT Tu saqonliT saco-
los monaTesaveTaTvis, SemZle Tavadebs _ 20, 30 cxeni,
zogi unagiriT Sekazmuli. uwin ymebic SemohyavdaT. siZis
SemoSvebis drois xarjic (lxinisa) siZes marTebs da ami-
tom winadve Semogzavnis xolme sakmao saklav xarebs.
lxinSi siZis mayrebi da qalis mSoblebis mier wveulni
cdiloben erTmaneTs gadaaWarbon Rvinis smaSi, simRera-
sa da moswrebul sityva-pasuxSi, baassa da cxenosnobaSi.
meore dRes mayrebs saCuqrebs aZleven SeZlebisamebr da
siZesac aZleven erT cxens an fulsa da iaraRs. am dRidan
qali da vaJi uceremoniodac iTvlebian col-qmrad.
dasaCuqrebuli mayrebi midian; rCeba ramdenime dRiT
44 45
da samjer keras irgvliv Semoatareben; igi pirbadeaf-
arebuli hyris irgvliv marcvals. Semdeg daajenen da
muxlebze patara vaJs Seujenen imis niSnad, rom pirve-
lad vaJi SeeZinos. Semdeg rZali SehyavT damzadebul
`amharaSi~ da am RamiT iqneba namdvili saqorwilo lxini.
meore dRes da Semdeg Semodian qmris naTesavni, naxulo-
ben axal rZals da `gadaagdeben~, visac ra SeSvenis da
SeuZlia saqonliT an fuliT. raki mnaxveli ganacxadebs,
rom surs inaxulos axali rZali da `gadasagdebsac~ gam-
oiRebs, mdade pirbades axdis rZals. rZali ki Tvaleb-
daxrili uZravad dgas, mxolod drogamoSvebiT wynarad
da nazad gamoixedeba da sityvasac ar iRebs. ramdenime
xnis Semdeg hos da aras niSnad Sesaferad Tavs aqnevs.
pirvel xanobaSi rZlis magivrobas saqmiTa da sityviT
asrulebs misi mdade qali.
rZali `amharaSi~ ramdenime Tve rCeba, Semdeg `did
saxlSi~ SehyavT (aJaharas salocavad). mere ki mas awveba
zrunva ojaxze. is yovelTvis cdilobs dedamTilisa da
mamamTilis survilisamebr moiqces. rZali ramdenime
Tvis Semdeg daiwyebs laparaks, rasakvirvelia, didi Tx-
ovnis Semdeg, jer im ojaxisa da soflis umcrosebTan,
Semdeg ufrosebTanac. yvelaze ufro gvian gamoela-
parakeba dedamTil-mamamTils. axalrZalTan, romelsac
mTeli sofeli `Cvens rZals~ eZaxis, moaqvs yvelas sak-
eravi ufro misi xelovnebis gamosacdelad. patarZali
yvelas ukeravs, rasakvirvelia, usasyidlod. sazogadod
igi did jafaSia, radgan yvelaferi unda gaakeTos, yve-
las pativi da morideba unda iqonios, yvelas, Tavisze
umcrosebsac, mowiwebiT unda moepyras.
col-qmari erTad aqac colis dedamTil-mamamTils
ramdensame weliwads ar eCvenebian. rodesac isini sax-
lSi arian, qmarma rom garedan Semosvla daapiros SemTx-
veviT, SigniT myofi coli karSi garbis. Semdegac Tavis
dReSi isini erTad erT sufras ver mousxdebian dedam-
manSi niSnavs `sircxvilis xvedrs, sircxvilis asacileb-
els~.
gaTxovili qalis mSoblebi, gamoawyoben ra mziTe-
vs, ixmoben siZes colis wasayvanad. aRniSnul dRes siZe
modis mayrebiTurT. am mayrebs ematebaT rZlis mayre-
bic. amaT erTad gadahyavT rZali da mihyavT igi qmris
saxlSi `bednieras~ mReriT, cxenis TamaSiT, jiriTiT,
dambaCebis sroliT11 da, miuaxlovdebian Tu ara, max-
arobeli gaiqceva da atyobinebs saxleulobas, axali
rZali mohyavTo. magram sakvirveli is aris, rom sityviT
ki ar agebinebs, aramed `ara TqmiT~, e.i. mosuli maxaro-
beli munjiviT Cerdeba da arafers ar ambobs an marto
dambaCas gaisvris. mas, rogorc kacs, romelmac amisTana
samxiarulo ambavi moitana, Tafls anu Saqars aWmeven.
ager mohkivian da moimRerian, ager maTraxebis saSinelma
tkaca-tkucma TandaTan imata da bolos es auarebeli
grova cxenosanTa moadga saxls. aq erT wuTs kidev Se-
eqcevian mayrebi did mrgval mWads, romelsac rZalsa
da saxls zeviT samjer iqiT-aqeT gadisvrian, ris Sem-
deg nafiCx-nafiCxad aqceven da visac ra moxvdeba da
SeuZlia itacebs. karebTan erTmaneTze wverebiT mibje-
nil or xmalqveS gatarebiT SehyavT rZali `dids saxl-
Si~, magram sanam fexs Sedgamdes, moegebebian da Tafls
moalokineben an Saqars moakvnetineben am sityvebiT: `ase
gamCenma RmerTma ena tkbili mogcao~. Sin Sesul qals
Romis marcvliT savse jams (jamSi kvercxi devs) aZleven
11 qalisa da siZis mayrebi yovelTvis TamaSobaSi erTmaneTs ejibre-
bian, TviT lxinis drosac Rvinis smaSi, simRera-cekvaSi. garda amisa,
axalgazrda ymawvilni im soflisa, saidanac qali mihyavT, ukan gae-
devnebian da cdiloben siZis mayrebs rame waarTvan: maTraxi, qudi da
sxv. da daatovebinon. agreTve TamaSobiT amave mayrebs qalis gayvanis
dros joxebs, talaxs esvrian im soflis axalgazrdani. am garemoebi-
dan vxedavT, rom mSvidobiani gaTxovebis drosac formalurad darCe-
nilia motacebis wesi da Cveuleba. afxazeTSi Cven vxedavT: 1) sacolos
motacebas, 2) mSvidobianad colis moyvanas iseTi wesebiT, romelic
mowmobs, rom motaceba mSvidobian qorwinebaze uZvelesia da rom maTi
SemaerTebelia idumali colis moyvanis an arapirdapir motacebis
Cveuleba.
46 47
dgeba avadmyofis win da ekiTxeba: `rogora xar?~ avad-
myofic, Tu cnoba da grZnoba dakarguli ara aqvs, upa-
suxebs: `vkvdebi~ an `iseve var~ da sxv., ris Semdeg stu-
mari anugeSebs. wasvlis dros mnaxveli xelaxla midis
avadmyofTan, Tavze xels daadebs da eubneba: `RmerTma
gulis sikeTe, janmrTeloba moganiWos an RmerTma moga-
brunos~.
avadmyofis mnaxveli, yvela Ramis mTeveli da sxv.,
aZlevs avadmyofs saeqimo rCevas, magram verc imaTma
`konsultaciam~, verc mnaxvelTa locva-kurTxevam,
verc dedabris wamlebma da misma Selocva-Sebervam da
sxvam, vTqvaT, vera uSvelara avadmyofs da igi bunebis
kanonisamebr gardaicvala. jer kidev srulad ar gamqra-
la sicocxle, roca imarTeba dedakacTa saSineli Tav-
zardamcemi kivili, romelic mTel aremares atyobinebs
avadmyofis gardacvalebas. am kivilTan da tirilTan
erTad isini loyas iRadrian, gulsa da kiserze tyavs ig-
lejen ise, rom sisxli da cremli erTad CamosdiT sax-
eze. TavfexSiSvela, gamwarebulni da garetianebulni
aqeT-iqiT daiarebian da Tavs axlian kedels, karebs an
sxva ram magar sagnebs. mamakacebic Sublsa da gulze
xels icemen da mwared bRavian. am scenis mayurebeli,
vinc micvalebulis naTesavi ar aris, rasakvirvelia,
cdilobs Seakavos motiralni, magram xSirad ramdenime
kacic ver daimagrebs xolme gaSmagebul qals: igi mainc
xelebidan usxlteba, rac Zala da Rone aqvs Tavs axlis
rasme da iqve gonebadakarguli da gulSemoyrili ecema
miwaze. bevri magaliTi yofila, rom wres gadasuli Tavis
gvemiT cocxalic zed dahkvdomodes mkvdars.
ramdenime xnis Semdeg, rodesac Wirisufalni da na-
Tesavni gonze movlen, am ojaxis mokeTeni maTTan erTad
moilaparakeben micvalebulis dasaflavebis drosa da
wesze.
Til-mamamTilTan. verc Sinaur da verc gareul ufrosT-
an coli ver ityvis qmarze `Cemi qmariao~ da verc qmari
colze _ `Cemi coliao~. rZali im skamze an taxtzed,
romelzedac zis misi dedamTil-mamamTili, ara gaWire-
baSi ar jdeba mTel Tavis sicocxleSi. me minaxavs mox-
ucebuli qvrivi, beberi dedakaci, romelsac uxsovari
droidan mkvdari hyavs dedamTil-mamamTili. es beberi
arasodes ara wveba im loginze (ficrebze), romelzedac
odesRac misi dedamTil-mamamTili wolila. krZalva da
pativiscema ufrosebisadmi ise Zlieria, rom qali ara
dReSi ar ityvis Tavisi qmris saxels, ixseniebs mxolod
nacvalsaxeliT _ `Sen~. igi ar ambobs dedamTilisa da
mamamTilis saxelebs, pirvels eZaxis `qalbatons~ da
meores _ `batons~. ar ambobs mazlebis saxelebs. maT,
saxelebis magivrad, Tavis sakuTar saxelebs daarqmevs.
ar ambobs Tavisi qmrisa da sazogadod mTeli ojaxis
gamzrdelTa saxelebs, im soflis xnier kacTa saxelebs,
im ojaxis gazrdilisasac; maTac sakuTar saxels daar-
qmevs. qmari ki marto colis saxels ar ambobs.
micvalebulis datireba
rodesac mZime avadmyofia sofelSi, afxazebi, ga-
nurCevelad wodebisa da sqesisa, ikribebian yovel Ram
avadmyofis ojaxSi `WafSara~ _ Ramis saTevad; Rames
aTeven avadmyofis winaSe simRera-cekvaSi, sxvadasxva-
nair masxroba-oxunjobaSi. amiT, rasakvirvelia, cdilo-
ben gaarTon avadmyofi da gauadvilon tanjva-wvaleb-
is atana. ase aTeven Rameebs avadmyofis mobrunebamde
an gardacvalebamde araTu amave soflis mcxovrebni,
aramed gareSe soflebisac, vinc cotaTi mainc icnobs
avadmyofs, valdebulad racxs Tavs naxos igi. mnaxveli
48 49
morTaven kivils. ezoSi maT miegebebian dayenebuli kace-
bi, romelTa movaleobaa xeli mohkidon da Seamagron
mtiralni, rom metismetad Tavi ar Seiwuxon. amis miuxe-
davad motirali mainc loyasa da kisers xeliT iglejs
da sisxlsa Rvris, saxlis erdoSi svets an kedels Tavs
axlis da naxevrad grZnobadakarguli kubos win ecema da
didxans cremlebs afrqvevs.
micvalebulis gamzrdeli da ZiZaSvilebi xSirad
gangeb am SemTxvevisaTvis gakeTebul tyavis Solts
irtyamen Tavsa da pirze... amgvarad dastirian micvale-
buls afxazebi, rogorc dasaflavebis wina dReebSi, ise
dasaflavebis dResac, rodesac iqneba sazogado da say-
ovelTao tirili. am dRes, datirebis gaTavebis Semdeg,
RvinoTi, puriT da samarxoTi umaspinZldebian Segrovil
xalxs da daRamebis droze asaflaveben12 mkvdars. mamaka-
cis samares afxazebi amoTxrian xolme welamde, dedaka-
cisas ufro mets, TiTqmis iRliamde13. micvalebulis
Casvenebis Semdeg samares ficrebiT ise amoakeTeben, rom
mkvdars miwa zevidan ar daeyaros. miwas moayrian ficrebs
da, rodesac ficrebi Calpeba, saflavic Cavardeba dab-
la. aq meti ar iqneba oriode sityva vTqva afxazebis sasa-
flaoebze. afxazeTSi sofels daniSnuli sasaflao ara
aqvs da arc eklesiasTan asaflaveben micvalebulebs.
yvela gvareulobas aqvs sakuTari sasaflao. sasaflaod
amorCeulia, sadac es SesaZlebelia, ufro maRlobi ad-
gili, borcvi da yovelTvis iseTi, romelsac sazogado
12 ojaxis ufrosis gasvenebis dros ori kaci saxlis sarTulze gadav-
lebul bawars ewevian aqeT-iqiT da amiT viTom saxls amagreben, romel-
ic Tavisi ufrosis moSorebisaTanave TiTqos danZrevasa da dangrevas
lamobs. micvalebulis gasvenebis Semdeg raki saxls ara dauSavdeba
ra, maSin gaisvrian Tofs niSnad sixarulisa. es Cveuleba, dRemdis dar-
Cenili bevrgan megrelebs Soris, Cven afxazebSiac vpoveT.
13 zogierTi afxazis azriT, es imitom, rom qali sazogadod veragi
da mzakvaria (paivan). erTi afxazuri andaza ambobs: rac gulSi gaqvs,
cols ar gaumJRavnoo; saSiSia, rom samaridanac ar amoZvres raime man-
qanebis ZaliT da amitom micvalebul qals meti miwa unda daeyaroso.
zogni amas imiTi xsnian, rom mkvdarTa aRdgomis dRes qalebs, roca wa-
modgebian, ZuZuebi ar gamouCndes da ar Sercxvneno.
Wirisuflebi, rac SeiZleba Cqara ikeraven sam-
gloviaro tanisamoss. amasTan droze gzavnian kacs
monaTesaveTa, gamzrdelTa, megobarTa da nacnobTa mo-
sawvevad, romlebic unda movidnen, itiron micvalebuli
da amiT anugeSon mwuxare ojaxi. imave soflis mcxovreb-
ni mouwveveladac valdebulad racxen TavianT Tavs
movidnen da itiron micvalebuli.
micvalebuls an micvalebulis kubos ukan mwkrivad
mousxdebian Wirisufali qalebi, SavebiT Semosilni, Tav-
fexSiSvelni, naxevrad dabdRvnilni da saxedakawrulni;
Tavze Tma gaSlili aqvT. meore mxriT moudgebian moti-
ralni. TviT tirili am wesiT xdeba: magaliTad 4-5 qali
midis satirlad; raki micvalebulis ezoSi Semovlen,
morTaven kivils, `avav~-is Zaxils. kivilis dros TiTebs
Tavze miideben, safeTqlebis zemoT da Camoatareben
loyisaken nikapamde. erTxel `avav~-is Zaxilis gaTaveba
da erTxelve TiTebis nikapamde Camotareba erTia. am-
nairadve amave pasuxs iZlevian Sinidan qalebi. am erT-
maneTis CamorTmevaSi mosuli qalebi neli nabijiT uax-
lovdebian micvalebuls da TandaTan xmas umaRleben.
rodesac Sevlen saxlSi, sadac micvalebuli asvenia, ti-
rili namdvil tirilad iqceva. moujdebian kubos, tirian
moTqma-godebiT da didxans cremlebs afrqveven... ma-
makacebi ki Sublze da gulze xelis cemiT Sedian, daiCo-
qeben micvalebulis win da ise dastirian; ramdenimejer
Sedian da gamodian... saxlis meore ganyofilebaSi dage-
bulia niSani, romelsac Seadgens micvalebulis tanisa-
mosi da iaraReuloba. micvalebulis gvamTan tirilis
gaTavebis Semdeg niSanzedac tirian... Cven ar movixse-
niebT misamZimrebas, romlis dasawyisi Semdegia: `es ar
dagmarTodaT da Cemi sikvdili gagegonaT~...
SesaniSnavia romlisame axlo naTesavisa da gan-
sakuTrebiT micvalebulis ZiZasi an ZiZaSvilis (qa-
lis) mosvla, romlebic, siSoris an sxva mizezis gamo,
sikvdils ar daswrebian. isini mTeli versis siSoreze
50 51
tirilis garda afxazebi micvalebulze aRaps ix-
dian. es meore tirili ufro SesaniSnavia pirvelze. am
SemTxvevisaTvis or-sam wilad mets xarjaven. afxazurad
am meored tirils eZaxian `afsxuvra~. sityva `afsxuvra~
rTuli sityvaa da Semdgaria sami sityvisagan: 1. afs _
suli, mkvdari, micvalebuli; 2. xu _ xvedri, jeri, rigi,
wesi da 3. zmna (a) vra _ keTeba, vakeTeb, Sesruleba da
sxva. maSasadame, TviT sityva `afsxuvra~ TargmanSi niS-
navs: micvalebulis rigis, xvedris asrulebas. marTlac,
afxazebi cdiloben am dros micvalebulis suls ara
daaklon ra: xarjaven bevrs, hklaven uricxvs saklavs,
rom suli dakmayofilebuli iyos da ara momduravi... ase
rom Tu am aRapze _ `afsxuvraze~ yovelive, fuli iyos,
gind saqoneli, rac micvalebuls uflebiT ergeboda,
ar daixarja, afxazs eSinia, rom momdurebulma mkvdris
sulma, araTu maT saqonels, aramed Tavad maTac ara av-
nos ra. auarebeli xarji, Sroma da jafa afsxuvris dros
aixsneba am rwmunebiT. amas Cven qvemoT ufro cxadad da-
vinaxavT.
afxazebi micvalebulze aRaps ixdian meore weliwads,
ufro xSirad Semodgomaze, rodesac sasmel-saWmeli
yvelgan uxvad aris. dainiSneba Tu ara dro, Wirisufle-
bi acnobeben monaTesaveTa, rom daniSnul droze movid-
nen da itiron micvalebuli. Tu Wirisuflebi apireben
aRapze marulac (doRi) gamarTon, amasac atyobineben:
visac marulad cxenebi hyavs gamowyobili, moiyvaneTo.
aRniSnul dromde maspinZlebi mzadebaSi arian, rom Rvi-
no, saklavebi Tu sxva xorageuloba sakmaod Seagrovon.
afsxuvras wina saRamoTi daageben niSans (calke karavSi
an gadaxurulSi, Tu didi aRapia), aqve erT mxares mia-
bamen micvalebulis Sekazmul cxens, samgloviaro SaviT
gadafenils; am cxenis unagirze gadakidebulia micvale-
bulis iaraRi: Tofi, dambaCa, xanjali, xmali, maTraxi da
sxv. amis gamowyobis Semdeg Wirisuflebi Camoitireben
gza uvlis. afxazeTSi mogzauri kvirdeba im garemoebiT,
rom mdebareobiT umSvenieresi da poeturi silamaziT
SesaniSnavi adgilebi usaTuod sasaflaoebs uWiravT...
mgloviarobis saqme amiT ara Tavdeba. deda, coli,
ZiZa an misi qalebi warmoadgenen metad samwuxaro sanax-
aobas. isini SavebSemosilni, fexSiSvela dila-saRamos
daiarebian saflavze satirlad; tirilSi iseT mware
da gulsaTuTq sityvebs CaurTaven, rom kacs uneburad
cremlebs mohgvris. moTqmiT tirilSi qalebi esaubre-
bian mkvdars, viT cocxals: mouTxroben Tavis Tavga-
dasavals da gaWirvebas; sTxoven raime sityva gadascen
sxva micvalebuls, arigeben, Sesaferisi pativiT moepy-
ron `batonebs~, magaliTad, uwin gardacvalebul `gaz-
rdilebs~; ekiTxebian an nebarTvas sTxoven sxvadasxva
saqmeebze da pasuxsac namdvilad moelian sulis gamocx-
adebiT sizmrebSi an sxvafriv. ase grZeldeba `ormo-
camde~, an ukeT `SabaTis rigamde~.
am dromde awyvia saxlSi niSani da Tu iseTi kaci mov-
ida, romelsac ar utiria micvalebuli, atireben niSanze
calke da saflavze calke. am dromde _ da xSirad mTeli
wlis ganmavlobaSi _ afxazebi micvalebulisaTvis
mis jer sasmel-saWmels yovel vaxSam-sadilobis dros
dgamen calke sufraze. meormoce dRes an gardacvaleb-
is Semdeg erT-erT SabaTs, micvalebuls ukeTeben `Saba-
Tis rigs~, cxvarsa da sxva saxsnilos. am dRes micvale-
bulis Wirisuflebs, romlebic marxulobdnen, aWmeven
saxsnilos. zogni ki (magaliTad, deda, ZiZa) mTeli wlis
ganmavlobaSiac marxuloben. isec moxdeba xolme, rom
sanam vinme marxulobs erTi micvalebulis samgloviar-
od, amasobaSi moukvdeba meorec, romlisaTvisac calke
Savs icvams da marxvasac iwyebs. am saxiT ara erT da or
dedasa da ZiZas gautarebia zedized ramdenime weliwadi
niadag marxvaSi.
52 53
`afsxuvras~ ufro samxiarulo xasiaTi aqvs, vidre sam-
gloviaro. amnairad, grovdeba didZali xalxi. rodesac
met motirals aRaravis moelian, SuadRis droze moxsnian
cxens, romelzedac, rogorc zemoT iyo naTqvami, gadak-
idebulia micvalebulis iaraRi, daiWers vinme mgloviare
Wirisufali da dgeba mindorze: irgvliv Semoertymian,
erTis mxriT, mamakacni da, meores mxriT, dedakacni. Wir-
isufali wris SigniT irgvliv samjer Semoatarebs cxens,
romelsac ukan mosdeven Wirisufali qalebi da kacebi
SavebSi Semosilni, TavfexSiSvela, gaSlili TmebiTa da
mware tiriliT. mamakacebi gulsa da pirze xels icemen;
uricxvi qalebi, romlebic, rogorc exla vTqviT, wris
naxevars Seadgenen, orad gaiyofebian da CamorTmeviT
amboben `avavs~. es ceremonia manamde gagrZeldeba, san-
am cxens wridan ar waiyvanen. cxeni gahyavT wridan da es
imas niSnavs, rom ikargeba ukanaskneli niSani da simbolo
micvalebulisa, TviT micvalebuli, romelic aq TiTqos
uxilavad imyofeboda; amitom kivili, godeba da mwux-
areba WirisufalTa adis umaRles wertilamde. am scenis
dasrulebis Semdeg daiwyeba meore, romelsac namdvili
salxino da samxiarulo xasiaTi aqvs da ara samglovia-
ro, rogorc pirvels hqonda. cisqveS sufraze daawyoben
xorcsa da sxvadasxvagvar purs, Rvinosa da xileulobas.
aq Tqven dainaxavT sxvadasxva formisa da gemovnebis
saWmelebs: xedavT yvelisagan gamoqnil staqnebs, kovzs,
saTiTursa da sxvas; aqve iqneba dadgmuli yvela Se-
mosili kelaptrebi. rodesac mRvdeli aasrulebs Tav-
is rigsa da akurTxebs amas (umRvdeloba am SemTxvevaSi
mainca da mainc araviTar danakliss ar Seadgens, sakmaoa
ojaxis ufrosma micvalebulis suls mimarTos Sesaferi
sityviT da TxovniT, rasac qvemoT davinaxavT), dasvamen
Segrovil xalxs gadaxurulSi (an cis qveS, CrdiloSi) da
sadils aWmeven.
amodena xalxis pativiscema advili ar aris, magram
afxazebma erTmaneTis Semweoba ician; araTu mezoblebi,
saflavsa da niSanze. maTi tirilis gagonebaze axlo na-
Tesavebica da Soreulebic modian satirlad. ai, es su-
raTic: Tqven hxedavT ramdenime kacs orisave sqesisas,
samgloviaro tanisamosSi, fexSiSvelas da TmagaSlils.
mamakacebic naTesavis sikvdilis gamo jer moiparsaven
Tavze Tmas da Semdeg gamouSveben da, rogorc dedakacni,
daiarebian dawnuli TmiT. fexiT Tu cxeniT momavalT
mohyavT erTi an ori xari, vis ra ergeba da SeuZlia,
SaviT gadafenili, erTi an ramdenime saklavi cxvari.
moaqvT sxvadasxva tkbileuloba, Taflsa da erboSi ga-
keTebuli, mawoni da sxv.14 erT maTgans uWiravs kelap-
tari, romelic warmoadgens xes, zed akravs mitkali mw-
vaned SeRebil, damdnar wminda sanTelSi amovlebuli; am
joxs aqa-iq mikeTebuli aqvs ufro wvrili joxebi, amna-
iradve gadakruli, da warmoadgens xis StoTa msgavsebas.
am Stoebis wverze mibmulia sxvadasxva feris materiis
naWrebi, romelic, rogorc xis foTlebi, ubralo niavis
qrolis drosac irxevian aqeT-iqiT... Tu RamiTaa mosvla,
maSin am kelaptarze ramdensame alagas mikrul sanTlebs
ukidia, agreTve xarebis orTave rqebze mikrulsac anTe-
ben. am saxiT zaris TqmiTa da nelis nabijiT es mwuxare
procesia Semodis ezoSi, sadac mas miegebebian wesisame-
br. aq ki qalebi Cveulebrivad rigze daiwyeben tirils,
xolo mamakacni Tavisi wesiT. sazogadod aRapzedac
TviT tirilis wesi iseTivea, rogorc zemoT aRvwereT.
wina Rames hklaven saklavebs, rogorc moyvanilebs, ise
maspinZlisagan damzadebulebs da dakvlis dros amboben:
`eZlevis sulsa Sensa~. meore dResac, rodesac namdvili
aRapia, amnairadve modian naTesavebi. am dRes dastirian
micvalebuls, garda monaTesaveTa, megobrebi, mezoble-
bi, nacnobni da sul gareSenic ki, romelnic modian mx-
olod dros gasatareblad, radgan, rogorc davinaxavT,
14 yvela amas saerTod (sazogadod sulis dasaklavs da sxva Sesawiravs)
afxazurad hqvian `afsaTat [afsaTatv]~ _`sulis misacemi~.
54 55
daaqvT cal-calke da rodesac erTni daiRlebian, sx-
vebi TamaSoben. aRapze sxvanairadac TamaSoben cxeniT
afxazebi: cxenebis erTimeoreze dajaxeba, cxenis ukana
fexebzed Seyeneba, gaWenebuli cxenidan TeTri fulis
miwidan aReba da sxv., niSanSi srolac ician.
aRapze afxazeTSi xSirad imarTeba marula (doRi).
Tu aRapi didia, maSin wina dRes iqneba egreT wodebuli
lafSebis, e.i. gamouwyobeli cxenebis Weneba; xolo meore
dRes imarTeba namdvili marula gamowyobil cxenebisa,
romlebsac afxazebi amzadeben mTeli ori Tve. dainiSne-
ba Tu ara manZili Wenebisa da misacemi (afxazebi saCuqrad
iZlevian micvalebulis cxens an sxva saqonels, an ram-
densame `xak~ e.i. alab an wyrTa CiTeulobas), gamohyavT
marula cxeni zurgze nabad an wiTelmaudgadafarebu-
li. Semoikribebian erTad yvela amis momxreni da zaris
TqmiT, dambaCebis sroliT gasweven aRniSnul adgilas.
marulaze Semjdomi 8_9 wlis ymawvili, wiTlad Semosi-
li, welze yabalax Semortymuli, iqiTobas cxenis zurg-
ze ukan Semoudgeba vismes, midis da saSinlad gahkivis
da winaswarmetyvelobs, Cemi marula gaimarjvebso; ase
sxvebic, marulaTa momxreni, naxevari versis manZilze
erTi-meorisagan Camodgebian gzis pirze. rodesac daR-
lili gamoqceuli marula cxeni moaRwevs pirvelamde,
es aRvirs mxrebze gadaigdebs da Tavisi jer dauRalavi
Zlieri cxeniT miiyvans meoremde da amas Caabarebs, esec
mesames da sxv. pirvelad mosvlas dambaCebis sroliT
ixareben. cxadia, pirveli jildos mogeba marto cxenis
Tvisebebsa da viTarebaze ar aris damokidebuli, aramed
momxreebzedac. marulas Semdeg saRamoze iqneba erTi
ukanaskneli da gacxarebuli TamaSoba, ris Semdeg xalxi
iSleba. Cveni aRwerilobidan cxadia, rom `afsxuvras~
ufro mxiaruli xasiaTi aqvs da marTlac afxazebs es
miaCniaT saukeTeso dros gasatareblad, sadac yvela
(visac ki misvla SeuZlia) upirveles sasmel-saWmels Re-
monaTesaveni, gazrdilni im ojaxisa msaxuroben da Ta-
darigs iZlevian, aramed mTlad im soflis mcxovrebni
maspinZlebad iTvlebian, emsaxurebian da pativsa scemen
Soreulebsa da gareSe soflelebs. gazrdili am ojax-
is an gvareulobisa TviTonac msaxurobs da trialebs,
rogorc ukanaskneli mosamsaxure. sxvadasxva saWmlebis
Semdeg moaqvT sufraze rZeSi moxarSuli brinji, Tafl-
iTa da mawoniT.
nasadilevs cxenosnebi iwyeben cxeniT TamaSs,
romelic bevrad waagavs saSualo saukuneebis evropel
raindTa turnirebs. mSvenieri sqesis warmomadgenelTa-
gan gatenilia saxlis aivani (Tu aivniania saxli an facxis
derefani). axalgazrda cxenosnebi, maT winaSe Sejgufe-
bulni, cdiloben gamoiCinon sityva-pasuxi moswrebuli
laparakiT, xolo cxenosnobiT _ vaJkacoba. aq araerTx-
el vardeba axalgazrda qal-vaJTa gulSi pirveli naper-
wkali siyvarulisa. umTavresi cxeniT TamaSi _`TarCia~,
SemdegSi mdgomareobs: erTi romelime cxenosani Rebu-
lobs maspinZlebisgan, da ara iSviaTad `uumSvenieresis
qalis xelidan~, CiTis naWrebs, Sekeril wuRebs, akinZul
wabls an sxva rames da miiRebs, Tu ara `TarCeis~, gaaWen-
ebs cxens; sxvebi imas gamoekidebian, rom SeaCeron da
gamoarTvan `TarCei~, magram pirveli, win mrbeni cxenis
gandagan, aqeT-iqiT trialiT cdilobs, Tavi ar daaWeri-
nos. ukana mdevnelnic, TavianTi mxriT, cdiloben, cx-
enebs gamoaCeninon mTeli Tavisi Zal-Rone da rogorme
moewion. amasobaSi gaismis maTraxebis saSineli tkaca-
tkuci. cxenosani, Tu daiWeren, maSin `TarCeis~ damW-
ers aZlevs da exla mas gamoekidebian; Tu ver daiWeren,
maSin igi brundeba, saidanac gamoiqca, gamarjvebulic
aris da darwmunebulia kidec, rom umSvenieresi qalebis
yuradRebac miipyro. Semdeg `TarCei~ miaqvT sxvebs. yve-
la moTamaSe rom erTs gamoekideba, maSin aseTi TamaSi
SeuZlebeli iqneboda, magram moTamaSe bevria, `TarCei~
56 57
ki vityviT, rom afxazebis rwmenani warmoadgenen axal
ilustracias amave Teoriisas. Cven daviwyebT laparaks
mkvdris sulze.
afxazs swams, rom kacis cxovreba marto saaqaoTi ar
sruldeba, aramed igi grZeldeba saiqioSiac, `gaRmac~.
me imazedac aras vityvi aq, Tu rogora aqvs warmodgeni-
li afxazs samoTxe an jojoxeTi. me minda vTqva mxolod
ra Sexedulebisaa igi micvalebulis sulze.
afxazis rwmeniT, adamianis gardacvalebis Semdegac
misi suli cxovrobs, da ufro xSirad, iq, sadac gvamia
damarxuli, e.i. saflavSi da mis midamoSi. rodesac afx-
azi wyalSi ixrCoba, marto misi gvamis moZebna da dama-
rxva ar kmara, aramed sulic unda amoixmon, amoiyvanon
wylidan da CauSvan iq, sadac gvamia dasaflavebuli.
amas afxazebi am saxiT asruleben: wylis orive napirze
im alagas, saidanac amoiRes gvami, ikribebian mravalni
qalni da kacni. wyalze daiWeren erTi napiridan meorem-
de gawvdenil abreSumis Zafs anu sirmas, romelzedac
Camohkideben Tavmoxsnil gudas ise, rom wylis zedapirs
idnav exebodes. amasobaSi qalebi am SemTxvevis hangs Con-
gurze daukraven da daamRereben. kacebic qalebTan er-
Tad mRerian. Conguris xmasa da mReraSi micvalebulis
suli, afxazis azriT, amodis wylidan da Sedis gudaSi,
romelsac ucbad Tavs moukraven. aqedan es `suliT~
gaberili guda imave mxiarulebiT miaqvT saflavze, Tavs
moxsnian da suls saflavSi CauSveben.
mkvdris saflavze, romelsac afxazebi SemozRu-
daven RobiT, xSirad mSvenier xis Senobas gaakeTeben
yavriT daxuruls, Tumca ki TviTon facxaSi cxovro-
ben. ufro axali micvalebulis saflavze mogzauri xe-
davs sxvadasxva xileulobas: vaSls, msxals, atams, bias,
yurZens, kitrebs, nesvis da sazamTros naWrebs da sxv.
am Cveulebidan Cans, rom afxazi mkvdars cocxalis ms-
gavsad uyurebs; magaliTad, rom mkvdris suli cocx-
bulobs zomierad da ara gadaWarbebiT, rogorc es aris
lxinze, da saukeTeso Tvalis seirsac hxedavs. afxazeTSi
Semodgomis pirveli naxevari SesaniSnavia aRapebiT.
religiuri rwmenani afxazTa
religia afxazTa. _ micvalebulTa sulni. _
mzakvarni. _ WeSmariti RmerTi. _ misi afxazuri
saxelwodeba anca [ancva]. _ etimologia da
mniSvneloba am sityvisa. _ warmarToba. _ `gamCen-
gamomWedelni~
dRes umravlesoba afxazTa qristianobas aRiarebs,
umciresoba ki mahmadianobas misdevs, magram rogorc
erTni, ise meorenic namdvilad ki am ukanasknels drom-
dis warmarTni ufro arian. afxazebis warmarTul sarw-
munoebaze, etyoba, didi gavlena da zemoqmedeba hqonia
mahmadianobasa da ufro qristianobas. es sami sarwmu-
noeba erTmaneTSi areulia, magram imdenad ki vera, rom
imaTi gancalkeveba, gamoyofa da gamocnoba erTmaneTi-
sagan SesaZlo ar iyos. bevri warmarTuli rwmena dResac
aqa-iq wmindad da mtkiced aris daculi.
ori umTavresi da udidebulesi muxli yoveli eris
religiisa imaSi mdgomareobs, rom swams ukvdavi sulis,
rogorc xorcisagan gansxvavebuli arsebis, an RvTis
yofna-arseboba. am saxiT Cven jer vilaparakebT am sa-
ganze.
Cven imas ver gamovekidebiT exla, Tu ra faqtebi da
mizezi aiZulebs afxazs swamdes sulis arseboba; erTis
sityviT, Cven mxedvelobaSi ara gvaqvs mokled mainc
SevexoT egreT wodebul sulTa Teorias (anu animal-
izmis Teorias), romliTac ubralod xsnian barbaros-
ebis yvela religiur rwmunebas. mxolod sazogadod
58 59
afxazebis warmodgeniT, aRniSnul dReebSi, sxvaTa
Soris, mkvdrebi modian cocxal naTesavebTan da iq imyo-
febian uxilavad. ase gasinjeT, rogorc zemomoyvanili
sityvebidan Cans, maT SeZlebiaT iaxlon an moiyvanon
gareSe mkvdrebic. Tu maspinZlebi Sesaferad daxvdebi-
an, e.i. Tu karg tablas daaxvedreben, maSin kmayofilni
darCebian da marTlac Semweni iqnebian cocxalTaTvis,
Tu arada, metad mavnebelni da mazaralebelni. pirvel
SemTxvevaSi, sulebs TavianT tolebTan dabrunebisas
SeuZliaT, daikvexon aseTi pativiscemiT, meore SemTx-
vevaSi ki, e.i. Tu sulebma Sesaferi pativiscema ver mi-
iRes, gulmosulni da gamwyralni brundebian da TavianT
tol mkvdrebs, roca isini ikiTxaven, rogor migiRes na-
Tesavebmao, iSovneT rame Tu arao, upasuxeben: `ras viS-
ovnidiT, roca isinic CvensaviT mkvdrebi yofilan~. ase-
Ti ficxeli ganCinebis Semdeg, is ojaxi sikeTes ar unda
moelodes: iq, afxazis rwmeniT, amoixoceba ramdenime
kaci. maSasadame, sibraluli ki ara, ufro SiSi aiZulebs
afxazs mkvdrebs yovelwlobiT uxados vali.
sazogadod, roca moisurvebs, mkvdris suli amodis
saflavidan da daiareba aqeT-iqiT; xSirad suli modis
naTesavebis saxlis maxloblad da iwyebs stvenas, am dros
Rvinos gadausxamen an rames gadaugdeben, raTa moiSo-
ron da moimadlieron. mkvdarTa sulebi ufro RamiT
daiarebian da ustvenen. am dros isini xSirad sasaflaos
gverdze gamvlels gamoekidebian stveniT. aseT rwmena-
SexedulebaTa dasasuraTeblad vilaparakoT cota xans
TviT afxazebis piriT.
ai, ras mogviTxroben isini:
1) narTi sesryva [sasriyva] metad gamoCenili vaJkaci
iyo. erT brZolasa da TavdasxmaSi man dakarga asi Tavisi
moZme narTeli (narTaa). narTi sesryva adga, auarebeli
saklavi, _ xari da verZi daxoca, Sesaferi saWmel-sas-
meli gaakeTa da erTad daxocil as kacTaTvis mSvenieri
alsaviT cotaoden saWmel-sasmels saWiroebs, xileu-
lobas da sxv. samareze deben, rom gamvlelma Wamos,
suli daulocos da amiT madli SesZinos mkvdars. safla-
vze dawyobil xilsa da saWmels afxazebi sazogadod ar
sWamen, imitom ki ara, rom kacs avnebs, aramed imitom,
rom umTavresi gemo da sitkbo aseTi xilisa an saWmlisa
gamowuwnulia sulisagan. erTi sityviT, saWmels gemo
aRara aqvs. qvemomoyvanili Cveulebidan ufro naTlad
Cans afxazebis warmodgena am saganze. afxazebi sikvdi-
lis dRidan TiTqmis mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi micvale-
bulis jers deben calke tablad yovel sadiloba-vaxS-
mobis droze (mahmadianuri Cveuleba). garda aRapisa da
`SabaTis rigisa~, afxazi yovelwlobiT amzadebs tablas
Tavis micvalebulTa mosaxseneblad: xorcielis SabaTs
Zvel micvalebulTaTvis, mis wina SabaTs _ axlebisaT-
vis. satablo saklavis dakvlis dros saxlis ufrosi,
moabrunebs ra marjvniv, ambobs: `Tu saiqioba (gaRmoba)
aris, eZleva sulsa Sensa~. rodesac yvelaferi mzadaa da
sufraze dalagebuli, igi ufrosi moudgeba sufras da
mimarTavs TxovniT mkvdrebs: `mkvdrebo! Tqveni sulis
madli mogvaniWe, sikvdiliT zians nu dagvmarTebT, Cven
gvimateT, Cvens saqonels umateT, Tqvens Semweobasa da
mfarvelobas nu mogvaklebT~ da sxv. xis Samfurs jvaris
saxed gadausvams dawyobil saWmlebs da ambobs: `yove-
live es, cecxlisa da wylis meoxebiT gakeTebuli, Tu sai-
qioba aris, eZleva Tqvens sulebs~. amis Semdeg am bolo
winadadebis TqmiT WiqiT Rvinosac svams, aiRebs kidev
Romis natexs, gul-RviZlidan da sxva asoebidan moTlil
pawawina xorcis naWrebs Sig Caawebebs, cota Rvinosac
CaawveTebs da Semdeg karSi gadaagdebs am sityvebiT: `es
ki Tqven gqondeT mxlebelno, momyolno sulno~. aqedan
Cven vxedavT, rom mkvdris sulis cxonebasa da Sendobas
bevrs ar daeZebs afxazi. aramed, piriqiT, imaT mimar-
Taven TxovniT.
60 61
3) erTi kaci, rogorc ufrosi Zma, yovelwlobiT ze-
moaRniSnul dros Zveli micvalebulebis sulTaTvis
tablas akeTebda. erT weliwads gaifiqra: yovelwlobiT
me vklav saklavs, Zmebi ki Semweobas ar maZleveno; wleuls
arc saklavs davklav, arca ras davxarjavo. movida dro
tablisa da am kacma marTlac Tavi mianeba, Tumca coli
ki exveweboda: nu vizamT magas, Torem micvalebulTa
sulebi sikeTes ar dagvayriano, da amasobaSi marTlac _
daxe micvalebulTa sulebis Zlierebas_Sinidan gamo-
vardnili ZaRliT uecrad SeSinebuli mozveri daeca da
marjvena TeZo moimtvria. maSin ki aSkarad dainaxes, ra
Zneli ram yofila mkvdris sulis rigis ausrulebloba.
4) sof. moqvis micvalebulni dasaflavebulni arian
zemoT, xolo morkulisa _ qvemoT. moqvelebi yovelw-
lobiT rigs usrulebdnen TavianT mkvdrebs, morkule-
lebi _ ara. amitom moqvis mkvdrebi dacinviT Camo-
sZaxebdnen morkulas mkvdrebs: `vera ris mSovnelno!~
`rodesac TviTon iSovnian (viTom Cveni naTesavnio),
Cvenc mogvcemen,~ _ upasuxebdnen meoreni. es micvale-
bulebi ikribebodnen erTad RamiT da dros simReriTa
da cekviT atarebdnen. diliT ara erTsa da ors unaxavs
naTlad irgvliv maTi pawawina fexebiT cekvis dros da-
JeJili balaxi15. mkvdris suli, afxazis warmodgeniT,
qondris kacs moagonebs adamians.
magram araTu mxolod mkvdarTa sulni, sulni cocx-
alTanic SemZlebelni arian xandisxan iaron iqiT-aqeT
da vnebac miayenon vinmes an rames, Tu yvela kacisa ara,
zogTa mainc aseTni arian. Cven vambobT mzakvrebsa da
kudianebze, romelTac wyali ar CasZiravT da SeuZliaT,
ZuZuebidan rZe gamoswovon adamians da ufro patarebs
gul-RviZli amoacalon da sxv. maT hyavT ufrosi rosk-
ipi [unda iyos: rokapi. afxazurad arupap], romelic
15 am alags afxazebi uwodeben mkvdrebis sacekvao alags (afscar
kvaSarTa) [afscva rkvaSrTa].
aRapi (afsxu) gadaixada. Semdeg erT brZolaSi TviTonac
mokles. sad an rogor aravin ar icoda. erTma misma me-
gobarTaganma Tqva, rom narTi sesryvas saflavi unda
movZebno da davitiroo. mravali Zebnisa da wvalebis
Semdeg miagno, itira, ivalala. Ramem moaswro, sofeli
axlo arsad iyo, saflavis maxloblad muxis ZirSi Ramis
gasaTevad miiZina, cxenic iqve miaba. naxa sizmari: asni
erTad moklulni `gaRma~ mSvenier mdgomareobaSi arian,
araTu TviTon, stumrebsac mSvenieri sasmel-saWmliT
umaspinZldebian, cxenebsac Sesaferad inaxaven. narTi
sesryva da misi cxeni mSieri daiareboda da stumris
miRebas saidanRa SeZlebda. TiToeuli im asi narTelT-
agani TiTo lukma Romsa da TiTo naWer xorcs awvdida
da gulma veRar mouTmina da hkiTxa: `sesryva, saaqaoSi
Senze ukeTesi aravin iyo da saiqioSi ra dagemarTa, rom
erTi stumris Senaxvac ver SegZlebiao?~ narTma sesry-
vam upasuxa: `stumari raRaTi Sevinaxo, rodesac me Tvi-
Ton yvelafers sxvisgan vnaTxovrobo.~ roca gamoeRviZa
mZinares, mixvda saqme raSi iyo. imdeni ecada, Cinebuli
aRapi gadauxada... amis Semdeg kvlav naxa sizmari: exla ki
narTi sesryva, rogorc ekadreboda, mSvenier mdgomare-
obaSi iyo Tavadac da stumrebsac kargad umaspinZlde-
boda. ai, ra mniSvneloba aqvs aRaps _ `afsxus~.
2) gzaze ori kaci midioda. erTs mihqonda guda-
Si Cadebuli metad msuqani gatyavebuli vaci (albaT,
naqurdali iqneboda). saRamo Jams aedevna viRac kaci
stveniT, aragziT aRar Sordeboda. am dros tvirTo-
sani miubrunda da eubneba: daikarge Cemgan, ra gindao da
arxeinad ganagrZo gza, magram suli mainc ar Sordeba.
maSin Tanamgzavri eubneba Tavis amxanags: mouWeri cota
xorci, gadaugde da mogSordebao. Tumca pirvelad ar
daujera, magram bolos mainc iZulebuli gaxda amxanagis
rCeva mieRo da, rawams xorcis naWeri gadaugdo, stvenac
maSinaTve Sewyda.
62 63
iyo, gapirovaneba da gaRmerTeba bunebis movlenaTa da
adamianis moqmedebaTa mis umTavres Tvisebas Seadgens
laJvardovani ca, romelic dRe da Ram ganuwyvetliv
dedamiwas dascqeris, xan mrisxaned moqruxuli, xan ki
moWedili uricxvi mokamkame varskvlavebiT an damSve-
nierebuli qveynis manaTobeli mziT; TviT qveyana, es
`dedamiwa~, es marTlac deda da wyaro yoveli sikeTisa
da uxvebisa adamianisaTvis; TviT mze, es `Tvali cisa~,
maTbobeli da manaTobeli qveynisa; `Ramis guSagi~ _
badri mTovare, nela mcuravi cis kamaraze, ukumyreli
da gamfantavi Ramis wyvdiadisa; SiSis zardamcemi mrisx-
ane griali mexisa; qari, xan saamod mSvidi da wynari, xan
ki muqariT mxeciviT Rriala; cisartyela _ es feradi
zoli, romelic ase lamazad zecas gaekvris, TiTqos mar-
Tlac cis sartyeli ariso; xe, tye, mindori da sxvadasxva
yvela gapirovnebuli hyavda afxazsa da miaCnda RmerTe-
bad zogi im sargeblobisa gamo da zogic im vnebisaTvis,
romelTac isini aniWebdnen da mouvlendnen adamians.
erTis sityviT, erTni SiSisa da krZalvis mizeziT arian
pativsacemni, meoreni _ niSnad madlobisa.
cotaodeni gansxvavebiT calke dganan meore gvaris
RmerTebi: adamianis sxvadasxva moqmedebaTa, warmoebaTa
da xelosnobaTa gapirovanebani da, maSasadame, maTi ze-
damxedvelni, amaTi RmerTni. am mxriv, radgan Tamamad
SesaZloa iTqvas, rom afxazebi aqnobamdisac ki imyofe-
bodnen mwyemsobrul xanaSi, maT miTologiaSi pirveli
alagi uWiravs saqonlis zedamxedvels aiTar-s (aiTar
laba _ aiTaris joxi, mwyemsis joxi), magram miwis muSao-
bac aris gaRmerTebuli da am Wirnaxulis gapirovanebas
hqvian, rogorc qvemoT davinaxavT, anafanaga, futkri-
sas _ anana gunda, mWedlobisas _ SaSa da sxv.
yvela amgvari rwmenani da Sexedulebani afxazebisa
darCenilia da Cans ufro im religiuri wesebisa da cer-
emoniebisagan, romlebsac bevrni dResac aRasruleben
cxovrobs zemoT, sadRac tabakonas mTaze. mzakvrebi
erTgulebisa da Zlierebisdagvarad dayofilni arian
xarisxebad. umcrosni Sejdebian Tagvze, bayayze, kataze,
ufrosni _ melaze, mgelze da sxv. mzakvrebi movaleni
arian yovel mariamobiswina Rames Tavi moiyaron zemox-
senebul tabakonas mTaze roskipis winaSe da warudginon
mTeli wlis Tavisi moqmedebis angariSi. aqve unda war-
moudginon roskips adamianTa an saqonlis guli, RviZli,
Tvali, frCxili, Tma da sxv. radgan mzakvrebi, rogorc
vxedavT, xelcarielni ver gamoCndebian roskipis winaSe,
isini mTeli mariamobis marxvaSi da mariamobiswina dReeb-
Si gansakuTrebiT ase gaxelebulni daiarebian kacTa
savneblad da sazaralod. magram aramzakvarma afxazma es
kargad icis da cdilobs sxvadasxva saSualebiT (jvaris
amarTva, TmaSi sanTlis miwebeba) Tavi daicvas maTi vne-
bisagan, xolo mariamobis wina Rames Tofis srolas, sim-
Rerasa da garTobaSi mRviZared aTevs Rames; Tumca mzak-
vari (kudiani) mariamobiswina RamiT aqeT-iqiT dadis an
tabakonas mTaze imyofeba. erTi da igive mzakvari erTsa
da imave dros cxadad unaxavT viTom mgelze mjdomare,
magram imave dros igi yofila Tavis tol ubralo ada-
mianTa Sorisac. amitom afxazi fiqrobs, rom mzakvari
erTianad ki ar daiareba, aramed dadis samzakvrod misi
suli, anu ufro swored rom vTqvaT, misi meti suli (af-
sWda) [afsWida].
afxazebs aqvT qristianobisagan miRebuli da SeT-
visebuli warmodgena erT arsebiTsa da qveynis Semomqmed
RmerTze, magram es warmodgena Zlier bundovnad da
bnelad aqvT gamoxatuli. Tu Cven xSirad gvesmis sity-
va RmerTi (anca) [ancva], es ufro enis, sityvis gasamSve-
niereblad da Sesamkoblad ixmareba, vidre sagnad reli-
giuris rwmenisa da Tayvanebisa.
warmarTuli sarwmunoeba ki afxazebisa aris mraval-
RmerTovani (poliTeisturi) da, rogorc mosalodnelic
64 65
magaliTebi warmoadgenen. sityva anca [ancva] mravlo-
biTis ricxvisa rom ar yofiliyo, araviTar SemTxvevaSi
SesaZlebeli ar iqneboda moxsenebuli afxazuris enis
kanonis ZaliT zemore moyvanili kunstruqcia: `anca r
mzz~ [ancva rimziz], e.i. mravlobiTi ricxvis maCvenebeli
r mxolobiTisaTvis xmarebuli. erTaderTi sityvis Se-
mobruneba, romelic SesaZloa imaSi mdgomareobdes,
rom sityva anca [ancva] iqneba, rogorc mxolobiT, ise
mravlobiTSiac, erTgvarad ixmarebodes, e.i. iqneba igi
ar ibrunebodes, magram amgvar gamokamaTebas arc logi-
kuri da arc gramatikuli fasi da safuZveli ar uZevs.
sityva RmerTi, rodesac igi aRniSnavs sazogadod cne-
bas RmerTze, yvela enaze ibruneba orsave ricxviT, Tuki
enis kanoniT SesaZloa misi brunva. afxazur sityvas an-
ca-s [anc-va] araviTari damabrkolebeli mizezi ar miuZ-
Rvis am mxriv17.
amgvarad, sityva an-ca [anc-va] dgas mravlobiT ricx-
vSi da, rom mravlobiTi ricxvis daboloeba movaSo-
roT, darCeba an _ deda. erTi sityviT, Tanamedrove si-
tyva an-ca [anc-va] (`RmerTi~) warmosdga sityvisagan an,
romelic niSnavs dedas, da, maSasadame, zemoT moyvanili
fraza: ̀ anca r mzz~ [ancva rimziz], ufro swore iqneba ga-
davTargmnoT: `dedaTa (RmerTTa) mizezi~.
am salingvistiko mosazrebaze, rac Cven WeSmarite-
bad migvaCnia, bevrs arafers ar vamyarebT afxazebis
pirvandeli religiis gamokvlevis saqmeSi. CvenTvis am
droebiT isic sakmaoa, rom sityviT anca [ancva] sul sxva
igulisxmeboda uwin, vidre exla, da rom enamac daamtki-
ca istoriulni cnobani imis Sesaxeb, rom afxazebis re-
ligia uZvelesi droidan iyo poliTeisturi. xolo war-
17 mravalobiTi ricxvis daboloeba afxazT enaze aris: ca [cva] an qva.
sxvaTa Soris, roca sityva mxolobiT ricxvSi bolovdeba imave ca[cva]-Ti, maSin igi iRebs mravlobiTSi meore dabolovebas (qva); mag.: aca [acva] _ tyavi; acaqva [acvaqva]_ tyavebi; anca [ancva] _ RmerTi; ancaqva [an-
cvaqva] _ RmerTebi.
da romelTac Cven salocavebs vuwodebT. salocavTa aR-
werilobas Cven Semdeg SevudgebiT da exla ki erT wuTs
kidev davubrundebiT `RmerTis~ afxazur saxelwode-
bas.
RmerTi afxazurad, rogorc vTqviT, aris anca [an-
cva]. es sityva, Cveni azriT, aris mravlobiTi ricxvi si-
tyvisa an _ deda (nan-a). formalurad (gramatikulad)
aq araviTari Secdoma ar aris, mxolod sityva an (deda)
mravlobiT ricxvSi anca [ancva] da RmerTic anca [ancva],
e.i. garCeva xmis awevaSia (kveTeba), romelic pirvel si-
tyvaSi (dedebi) xvdeba bolodgan meore a-ze, meore si-
tyvaSi ki (RmerT-Si) bolodgan pirvels a-ze. magram arc
amaSia mainca da mainc didi gansxvaveba am or sityvas
Soris, radgan sityva anca [ancva] _ RmerTi, gamoiTqmis
laparakSi imave xmis aweviT, rogorc sityva `dedebi~.
magram Cven gvaqvs meore safuZveli Cveni mosazrebis
dasamtkiceblad. sxvadasxva salocavTa Seswavlisa da
Sekrebis dros Cven wavawydiT Semdeg frazas: `anca r
mzz~ [ancva rimziz]_ RvTis brali, mizezi. msxvilad
dawerili r, rac unda iyos igi16, mxolod mravlobiTi
ricxvis mesame piris pirovanTa nacvalsaxelT daerT-
vis, anu mravlobiTisave ricxvis saxelTa arsebiTTa,
mesame piris formiT xmarebulTa, da saxelni arsebiTni
xom am saxiT ixmarebian ufro xSirad enaSi. maSasadame,
r ricxvSi eTanxmeba damokidebulebas sityvebTan, rom-
lebic aRniSnaven saxelebs anu nivTebs, romelTame nivT-
Ta mqoneTa, xolo, ra Tqma unda, qonebuli anu kuTvnili
nivTi, anu piri SesaZloa, erTic iyos, rasac SeniSvnis
16 igi aris Semoklebuli forma mravlobiTi ricxvis mesame piris
kuTvnilobiTi nacvalsaxelisa rt [rtvi] (ra aris, saidan da rogor
warmosdga es, amaze exla sityvas veRar gavagrZelebT). ai magaliTebi:
urT r Sy [urT riSyu]_ maT maTi (Tavisi) wigni _ maTi wigni; awlaqva r
moxuruqva [awlaqva rmaxvarqva] _ xeebi maTi (TavianTi) totebi _ xeTa
totebi; urT r bJ [urT ribJi] _ imaT maTi (TavianTi) xma _ imaTi xma;
aZbaca r xSv [aZbacva rixSiv] _ msajulTa Wkua; aTfhaca r kasqva [aTif-
hacva rkasqva] _ qalebis Tavsaxuravebi; axiSca r Saqi [axiScva rSvaqi] _ mwyemsTa Tofi.
66 67
sayuradReboa agreTve: `aSaca-Cafaca~ [aSacva-Ca-
facva] _ `gamCenni-gamomsaxvelni~ (gamomWedelni), si-
tyvani agreTve mravlobiTi ricxvisani, radgan es `gam-
Ceni-gamomsaxavi~ erTi ar aris, aramed ori, anu mravali.
qristianuli swavliT eseni angelozebad arian gadaq-
ceulni. am `gamCen-gamomsaxavTa~ mier ibadeba yoveli
`axali suli~. dabadebisaTanave isini uweren axalda-
badebuls sicocxlisa da sikvdilis dros da viTarebas,
erTi sityviT, isini aZleven yovel suls Sublis weras
(laxinwra), bedis sawerels. afxazi darwmunebulia,
rom adamianis Sublze sweria misi bedis sawereli da es
yvelas SeuZlian naxos TvaliTac. gamCen-gamomsaxavTa
gadawyvetileba da ganCineba aucilebelia. Cven SeniSv-
naSi mogvyavs erTi ambavi afxazebisa amis dasasuraTe-
bladve20.
ara nakleb sainteresoa agreTve eSmakis saxeli afxa-
zurad _ avzTaa [avesTaa], romelic, mgoni, niSnavs Rvin-
is momyvans21. leqsikologia am sityvisa, roca kargad
20 ori kaci gavida saqurdlad RamiT. am dros Zlierma wvimam moaswro
da wvimisagan erTi saxlis derefans Seefarnen. Seixiznnen Tu ara facx-
aSi, dainaxes, rom mravali dedakaci Segroviliyo Sig, radgan iq iwva
mSobiare dedakaci. cota xnis Semdeg daibada qaliSvili. myisve Camov-
idnen dambadeblebi-gamomsaxavebi. erTma CamosulTaganma sxvaTa Soris
sTqva: `axladdabadebuli im erT qurds ergos colad, romelic garedan
Semoixedavso. es iyos imisi bedis werao~. kveri dahkra meoremac. amisma
momsmenma qurdma, romelsac naxevari gza cxovrebisa gavlili hqonda,
sTqva: me ager movxucdi da es ki exla daibadao; RmerTma amaSoros magisi
colad SerTvao, da gaifiqra Cvilis mokvla. Sin saxlSi qurdulad Sevida
_ didi xnis Ramis Tevis Semdeg yvelas aqa-iq mieZina, _ aiyvana Cvili da
karSi gavida. daniT muceli gaupo, egona maSinve mokvdeboda, da zeviT
banze Seagdo, ZaRli ar SesWamso. Semdeg qurdebma gaswies Tavisi gzisak-
en. balRis tirili erT dedakacs moesma: Camoiyvanes, Wriloba abreSumis
ZafiT gaukeres da moarCines. im qurdma, romelsac didi xnidan colis
SerTva ganzraxuli hqonda, verc erT qalzed ver moaxerxa daqorwileba.
amasobaSi igi qalic gaizarda, gasaTxovari gaxda da Sexvda im kacs. col-
qmrobiT cxovrebis dros warsulis mogonebaSi yovelive es garemoebac
gamoaSkaravda. ai, ase aucilebelia da garduvali gamCen-gamomsaxavTa
gadawyvetileba da imaTgan daskvnili bedis sawereli.
21 avzTaa [avesTaa]_ `eSmaki~ rTuli sityvaa: pirvel Semadgenel sity-
vad Cven migvaCnia av [ave] _ Rvino; meore warmosdgeba zmnisagan aTaara
_ mokreba (yurZenze da ara Rvinoze), ZRvna. Tu pirvel naxevars eSmakis
saxelis wodebisas vawarmoebT sityvisagan aov _ kaci, maSin mTeli sityva
avzTaa [avisTaa] _ iqneba daaxloebiT Semdeg Sinaarss Seicavdes: kaci,
visac uZRvnes... [es etimologia naklebad damajerebelia _ red.]
marTul RmerTebs `deda, dedani~ daerqmodaT rogorc
mSobels, wyaros, mizezs adamianisaTvis mavnes an mar-
gebelis saqmisa da movlenisas. am mosazrebas sruliad
eTanxmeba isic, rom uwin miTologiaSi mdedrobiTi sqe-
sis RmerTebs eWiraT upirvelesi alagi. rogorc qvemoT
vnaxavT amas, bevri movlenani bunebisa gapirovanebulni
arian mdedrobiTi sqesis RmerTebad. wylis zedamxed-
veli _ RmerTi, `wylis deda~ qalia; miwac _ `dedami-
wac~ mdedrobiTi sqesisad aris gapirovnebuli, amas gvi-
mowmebs imisi saxelwodeba, rasac qvemod davinaxavT, _
es miT ufro, rom TiTqmis yvela ers am sqesisad hqonda
warmodgenili dedamiwa; agreTve aris `qari qalbatoni~,
kidev arian Jabran [Jvabran], jabran _ ZroxaTa winapari
(mded.), TxaTa winapari (mded.); aris yanis mavne RmerTi
jaja da sxv.
mahmadianobisa da ufro qristianobis SexebisaTa-
nave Zvelad Zvelni religiurni rwmenani da warmodge-
nani, cxadia, TandaTan ecvlebodaT afxazebsa da vrcel-
deboda maTSi azri erT arsebiT RmerTze. misdagvarad,
TviT sityva ancac [ancva] nel-nela cvlilebaSi Sedio-
da, Tu morfologiurad ara, logikurad mainc. bolos,
rodesac pirvandelni rwmenani gaZevebulni iqmnen, Tu
sruliad vera, umravlesobis gonebidan mainc, da rode-
sac erTRmerTobis ideam gaimarjva, maSin sityva ancam
sruliad dahkarga Tavisi pirvandeli mniSvneloba da
gaxda am ukanaskneli azris gamomxatveli. xolo Tavis
uwindeli mniSvnelobiT da mravlobiTi ricxvis formiT
igi darCa Zvel religiur ceremoniaTa enaSi, romelic
garemoebaTa da JamTa ZlierebiT naklebad icvleba da
ibRalvis18.
sityva RmerTi Tavisi exlandeli formiTa da Sinaar-
siT kvlav Rebulobs mravlobiT ricxvsa19.
18 ix. wina SeniSvna.
19 cnobilia, rom rogorc Zvel religiur wesebsa da ceremoniebSi dar-
Cenilia xSirad xalxis uZvelesni garemoebani cxovrebisa (indoeTis
braminebi dResac mwvet-wverianis joxis trialiT xvreten meore xis
naWers da am saxiT aCenen TavianT religiur ceremoniaTaTvis `wminda~
cecxls, _ erTi uZvelesi saxsarTagani cecxlis gasaCenad), ise Zvel
religiur enaSi daculia uZvelesni formani sityvisa da enisani.
68 69
d) gadakidebuli salocavis risxvis asacileblad
saWiroa, visac emarTa esegvari salocavi, ganmeorebiT
locva an maSinve, an pirobis ZaliT Tavis droze im dan-
aklisis aRvsebiTa da dakmayofilebiT, ris gamoc locva
ver akmayofilebda salocavs da Serisxa kaci an ojaxi.
e) Tu avadmyofs ar emarTa romelime salocavi da ax-
lad gamouvida imisi mizezi, man unda Tavs idvas igi da
ilocos miRebul wessa da rigze.
v) brali (mizezi) salocavisa gadadis modgmidgan
modgmamde da ramdenisame Taobis Semdeg SesaZloa, iCi-
nos Tavi.
z) Tu `mizeziT~ avadmyofi imdenad sustia, rom maS-
inve ver moxerxdeba Sesaferisi salocavi wesebis aR-
sruleba, maSin pirobas sdebs Tavis dros an pirvel mo-
brunebisaTanave ulocon. amisaTvis manamdis avadmyofs
Semoavleben rame vercxleulobas, spilenZeulobas,
Tofs, wminda narmas, sanTels, an sxvas rames `bralis~
mixedviT. Semovlebis dros amboben am saxiT: `Tu Seni
mizezia (bralia), Sveba mieci... da viloco rogorc geka-
drebodes da rogorc mkiTxavi agvixsnis...~ rodesac
avadmyofoba ver aris gamorkveuli, Tu romlis mizez-
isaganaa igi warmomdgari, maSin amgvarad amboben: `Tu
risame `mizeziTaa~ avad... Sevasrulo yovelive, rasac
Sevityob da rasac mkiTxavebi gviCveneben~. Semovlebuli
nivTi, rogorc sawindari, wmindad da uxmareblad inax-
eba locvis ceremoniis aRsrulebamdis.
TviT salocavis asrulebis dros mlocveli Tx-
ovniT mimarTavs am saxelwodebis salocavs an masSi war-
modgenil RmerTobas, Tu kacis salocavia _ kacisas,
Tu saqonlisaa _ saqonlisas. locva (locvis sityvebis
warmoTqma) salocavis Sesaferi da garemoebis mixed-
viT iqneba, magram ufro isea, rom vinc rogor axerxebs,
ise loculobs da laparakobs. esec ki unda vTqvaT, rom
laparakis safaneli da pirwylianoba afxazs iSviaTad
Semoakldeba.
gamoirkveva, sakmaod dagvanaxvebs afxazTa Zvels Sexed-
ulobasa da warmodgenas eSmakze.
salocavebi
Cven vuwodebT salocavebs im religiur ceremoniebs,
rodesac afxazi rame SesawiravTan SeerTebuli locviTa
da xvewna-vedrebiT mimarTavs Tavis RmerTebs Zveli-
danve miRebul wesze. salocavebSi zogierTs etyoba
meti gavlena qristianobisa, zogs ki _ naklebi, Tumca
warmarTobis kvali mainc emCnevaT. magram umravle-
soba salocavTa, rogorc formiT, ise SinaarsiT, jer
kidev warmarTuli xasiaTisaa. Cven salocavTa krebulSi
movaqcieT ufro ori ukanaskneli gvaris salocavebi.
rasakvirvelia, xalisiani kacisaTvis arc erTi salocavi
ar aris mniSvnelobas moklebuli, magram salocavebi im-
denia, rom yvela imaTi dawvrilebiT Seswavla da aRwera
Sors waiyvans kacs. Cven vcdilobdiT ufro SesaniSnave-
bi amogverCia.
a) Cvens dros salocavebi erTni samudamoni, yovel-
wlobiTni da sayovelTaoni arian, magaliTad, `xozos
aReba~ da sxv., sxvani ki, Tu yvelas ara, umravlesobas
mainc swams, magaliTad, `zeviTuri salocavi~ da sxv.
b) yvela salocavs an mis mimRebs misgan damokide-
buls, moqmedebis wreSi Zala aqvs `ebralos, emizezos~,
e.i. avad gaxados kaci, an saqoneli rame Secdomis an da-
naSaulobisaTvis.
g) TviToeuli salocavis nabralev, namizezar avad-
myofobas Tavisi gansakuTrebuli niSnebi aqvs, romleb-
sac afxazi (mkiTxavi) dawvrilebiT arCevs erTs meorisa-
gan.
70 71
leCaqs gadaafarebs da sakmevliT da sanTliT xelSi mimar-
Tavs TxovniT pirvelad `miwa dedofals~: `adgil-anxu22,
atula-anxuse! Seni madli moaniWe, tanis simrTele, gulis
simrTele, Tavis simrTele mieci; feri mieci, tyavi mieci,
Zvali mieci; laparaki moandome, saqmobis survili da Zala
mieci, avisagan daixseni~ da sxv. Semdeg agreTve TxovniT
mimarTavs adabnas [advabna]23. bolos Txilis joxiT leCaqs
gadaxdis, wamoayenebs, zurgze xels gadausvams da erT
wknelsac gadahkravs: `wadi, dReis iqiT azati momiciao~,
da gauSvebs avadmyofs. amis Semdeg Sin brundebian, keraze
datovebul mWads, romelsac marto oTxi natexiRa aklia,
SuaSi stexen, aqeT-iqeT gasweven; keras gaRma-gamoRma
dgeba ori dedakaci da mlocvel avadmyofs mWadebs Sua
samgzis gaatareben. amasTan erTi dedakaci ambobs: `gau-
riebuli momeci~, meore _ `gaqristianebuli momeci~. am
salocavs asruleben, rogorc zeviTa vTqviT, sami gzis
SesarTav adgilas, an ukeT gasayar alagze, im mosazrebiT,
rom arseba, romelsac Sepyrobili hyavs avadmyofi, raki
amas ganSordeba, sxvas visme Sexvdes da Seeyaroso. sadme
miwaze dacemis an jdomis dros Tu ahyva avadmyofoba,
miwidan gadaekida, locvac amave alagas iqneba da iq Cah-
flaven locvis anu Semovlebis dros zemoxsenebul kacis
msgavs kuksac... `miwa-qalbatonisagan~ rame rom ar ahyves
avi, ucnob adgilze (miwaze) mjdomi afxazi (megrelic),
wamodgeba Tu ara, orjer daafurTxebs am sityvebiT: ̀ pap-
uaCemis nasaxlkarevi, papuaCemis nasaxlkarevi~.
22 pirveli naxevrebi am or sityvaTa niSnavs: adgili, miwa, mamuli;
xolo meore naxevari anxu, enxu-s mniSvneloba dRes ufro Zneli mis-
axvdomia. Tumca am sityvas sakmao msgavseba aqvs (formiTaca da mniS-
vnelobiTac) zendur sityva anhu-sTan, romelic niSnavs: `batoni~
qveyana, `adgili~ (ix. SedarebiTi leqsikoni fivisa), magram ufro sagu-
lisxmoa sityva anxu vawarmovoT afxazurad Ziridanve: anxu _ ubral-
oda vTqvaT am sityvaTagan Semdgaria: an_deda (ixile zeviT) da axu _
xvedri. adgil-anxu – pirdapir: miwa dedis xvedri, wili.
23 adabna [advabna] _ abna _ tye, ad [advi]--mindori. maSasadame, Tu
rTul sityvad vicaniT adabna ad+abna [advi+abna], am saxiT adabna [adv-
abna] _ `mindor-tye,~ `udabno~ iqneba.
T) yvela salocavis dros saWiroa rame Sesawiravi,
usisxlo an sisxlovani, romelsac salocavTa gvarad an
yvelani sWamen, an marto zogni.
i) erTi da igive salocavi sxvadasxva gvarTa da kacTa
mier met-naklebi gansxvavebiT aRsruldeba xolme.
k) salocavTa ceremoniebis aRmasruleblad zogis
kacia, zogisa _ dedakaci, imis mixedviT, Tu romel sqe-
sisad warmoidgineba arseba, vis sadidebladac igi aR-
sruldeba; anu ase, rom Tu salocavSi avadmyofi qalia,
mlocavic qalia; Tu kacia _ mlocavic kacia.
axla SevudgeT TviT salocavebis kerZo aRweras.
dedamiwis salocavi
wminda, umanko dedakaci eqvs kakalsa da ramdenime
fetvis marcvals aiRebs da mihyavs avadmyofi (romlis
avadmyofoba adgilis braliT gamowveulia). jer erTi
Txmelis (murynis) Zirs sam kakals da ramdenime marcvals
Semoavlebs miwis (adgilis) saxelobaze da Semdeg kidev
sam kakalsa da marcvals Txilis Zirs `adabnas~ [advabna]
saxelze, da Txoulobs avadmyofis mobrunebas. amave
dros dedakaci kacis msgavs kuks, kopwiad morTuls,
Cahflavs iqve miwaSi avadmyofis `amosaxsnelad~ (dala-
Wsxrc) am sityvebiT: `avadmyofis nacvlad amas Seeqcie,
amas eTamaSeo~. Semdeg marjve dros acxoben erTs dids
mWads ̀ miwa dedofilisas~ da ors mogrZo puris Rvezels
adabnasaTvis. ori Reri wminda sanTeli da sakmeveli, mox-
senebuli ori Rvezeli da ̀ miwis mWadis~ oTxisave kuTxis
natexebi miaqvs dedakacs da avadmyofiTurT midis sami
gzis SesarTav adgilas, sadac, erTis mxriT, debs mWadis
natexebs, meoreze_Rvezelebs, danarCen or mxareze an-
Tebul sanTlebs miakravs; aqve ganze ityvis: `miwa qal-
batono! es Seni fexsacmeliao~da dasdebs Custebs... am
oTxkuTxedi miwis Sig SuaSi avadmyofs daaCoqebs, Tavze
72 73
el dedakacs; amzadeben or qaTams: erT mamals da erT
dedals, Rvezel purs, moxarSaven xozoebs da Camoqnian
sam sanTels. dedali da erTi sanTeli wylis dedisaTvis,
mamali da erTi sanTeli misi qmris saxelze, xolo mesame
sanTeli imaTi moaxle-mosamsaxure qalisaTvis, romel-
sac hqvian: abzahav-abzaCav (kargad myofi, keTilad mekve-
bi), romelic keTilis mTqmelad da Suamavlad iricxeba
moxsenebul batonebTan. nivTebi miaqvT da midian wyalze,
mdinare iyos, Tunda wyaro. aq mlocveli daiCoqebs, xolo
mlocavi dedakaci aiRebs sanTels da mimarTavs TxovniT
Tavdapirvelad, rasakvirvelia, wylis deda-qalbatons,
romelsac am salocavSi upirvelesi alagi uWiravs. amis
sruli saxeli afxazurad aris ZZlan ZahkvaJ xifsha gva-
Sa [ZiZlan ZahkvaJv xifsha gvaSa] _ wylis deda, wylis
qalbatoni xifsha gvaSa (gvaSa qalis saxelia dResac...),
ris Semdeg sanTels moukidebs da iq miawebebs. Semdeg
aiRebs meore sanTels, sTxovs avadmyofis gankurnebas
`wylis dedis~ qmars _ `batons~ da amasac iqve miakravs.
bolos mesame sanTliT xelSi sTxovs zemoxsenebul abza-
hav-abzaCavs _ moaxle qals, rom imanac mociqulobiTa
da keTilis TqmiT batonebis winaSe moexmaros avadmyo-
fs, ris Semdeg zurgze xelis gadasmiT mlocavi aazatebs
avadmyofs... garda avadmyofTa, wylis salocaviT ulo-
caven axalrZals, rodesac igi pirvelad mihyavT wyaroze.
da Tu yovelsave naCvenebs am SemTxvevaSi ver aasruleben,
kvercxs mainc Caagdeben wyalSi da Sesaferis xvewniT mi-
marTaven wylis dedas. dedakaci mSobiarobas loculobs
an srulad an Semoklebuli formiT (kvercxiT) wylis sal-
ocaviT da es imisTvis metad sasargebloa, gansakuTrebiT
ZuZusaTvis (rZisaTvis)... ara Tu am SemTxvevebSi, ubralo
tanis banasac ki erideba afxazi mdinare wyalSi, rom amiT
wylis dedas ar awyeninos. amitom raki wylidan tanis da-
banis Semdeg amova, sam wvril qvas aiRebs da wylis dedas
mimarTavs am sityvebiT: `Segcode dRes: wyalSi Cavedi,
tani Cavibane, mara mapatieo~, Tavze gadaivlebs da wyalSi
gadaisvris.
wylis salocavi
avad aris qali an kaci, magaliTad ciebiT, da es
avadmyofoba didxans ara Sordeba. mkiTxavi, romelsac
afxazi mimarTavs eqimis magivrad, eubneba, rom wylis
braliTaa avad da unda ilocoTo. Wirisuflebi moiy-
vanen moxuc wmida dedabers, radgan wylis ufrosi, `wy-
lis deda~ qalia24. es dedakaci farulad aiRebs sam xel
avadmyofis raime nivTs, mag. tanisamoss, miaqvs erT-erT
wyalze da ambobs ra sityvebs: `wylis dedav, qalbatono,
Tu Sen daiWire (avadmyofi), uSvio~, exeba am nivTebiT
samgzis wyals da amoaqvs sami wveTi wyali, romlebsac
sam murynis foTolSi gamoxvevs, wamoiRebs da keras ze-
moT, sxvenze, Camohkidebs im mosazrebiT, rom avadmyofs
ase ciebac gauxmebao; amis Semdeg ucbad da idumal gai-
qceva dedakaci am sityvebiT: `ase Seni ciebac gaiqceso~.
am process eZaxian: `ciebis gamo wylis amoRebas~ (aSZ
azhan aZ izTrxit) [aSiZ azihvan aZi izTirxit]. rodesac,
amis Semdeg, avadmyofi momjobindeba, moiwveven mlocv-
24 `wylis dedis~ sacxovrebeli alagi didi wminda miuvali tbaa mdi-
narisa. igi SeiZleba cxovrebdes agreTve wminda wyaroSi, romelsac
arawminda Rori an sxva ram pirutyvi, ar ekareba. kacs SeuZlia iSviaTad
naxos igi rogorc wyalSi, ise napirzedac, xmeleTzedac, sadac gamodis
xandisxan. ai, suraTi wylis dedisa: `afxazis warmodgeniT, wylis deda
mSvenieri qalia momxiblavi saxisa, Tavze uebari wablisferi dawnuli
Tma aqvs da mtredisferi JuJuna Tvalebi... Zlier xSirad gaigonebT
afxazisagan amgvar saubars: `eh! Zmao, me mZlia wylis dedam da amieri-
dan Tqvens sazogadoebas aRar vekuTvni... am dReebSi Sevedi cxeniT
gauvlel da yru tyeSi, sadac ucbad erT did muxasTan idga sarke da
sanTeli, win ijda wylis deda, etrfialeboda Tavis sikeklucesa da
ivarcxnida gaSlil, miwamde CamoSvebul, Tmas... xelebi Camomicvivda
da damidunda, Tvalebi veRar movaSore amgvar sakvirvel saxilvels.
rodesac SemamCnia, uecriv daalaga Tmebi da iwyo Cemsken moaxloveba.
maSin sruliad davkarge goneba... erTi sityvac ar uTqvams, mxolod as-
wia maRla aTive TiTi da amiT maCvenebda: Tanaxma gaxdebi, Tu ara meuR-
leobaze aTis wlis ganmavlobaSio... me uaris niSnad Tavi gavuqnie,
magram igi ar dascxra da Camodioda aTis wlidan cxramde, rvamde da
sxv. dasasrul, rodesac miCvena neki, rogorc ukanaskneli niSani imisi,
Tanaxma gavxdebi Tu ara erT wels mainc masTan vicxovro, maSin iseTi
saSineli TvalebiT Semomxeda, rom me imave wams Tanxmoba ganvucxade
(k. maWavariani. gaz. `droeba~).
74 75
Se, amasTan dro atare~. mlocavi dedakaci ki avadmyofs
zurgze xels gadausvams, wnelsac gadahkravs da azatis
micemiT Sin gamouSvebs ise, rom ukan ar unda miixedos.
locvis ceremoniis asrulebis Semdeg, iqve, wylispirze
windawin gakeTebul karavSi sadiloben dedabrebi. Wama
marto maT SeuZliaT da marto aq, yovelive danarCeni
wyalSi unda gadahyaron da naxmari WurWeli wmindad
garecxili Sin unda wamoiRon.
es salocavi Zlier mZime salocavad miaCniaT da
cisartyelas namdvili saxelis (acayva) [acvayva] da ara
zemoT moxsenebuli eliafS-is25 ubralo warmoTqmac ki
ezarebaT. cisartyelas salocavis aRsrulebas, afxaze-
bis azriT, mohyveba wvima.
qaris salocavi (fSarnha) [fSarnihva]
akeTeben did yvelian mWads, deben Txmelis cxrilze
(Celtze), gaaqvT saxlze cota moSorebiT da evedrebi-
an `qarsa qalbatonsa CiC-sa~ (CiCi xSirad hqvia `qalba-
tonebs~), rom keTili qari axlo mouvlinos, avi moa-
Soros, faTerakisagan daixsnas da sxv. Semdeg mWadis
Suaguls amosWridnen, mihqondaT axlo tyeSi da erT
maRal muxis wverze sdebdnen, xolo meore dRes vinc yve-
las daaswrebda, is ifeSqaSebda.
xis salocavi
mariamobis dRes akeTeben patara kverebs imdens, ram-
denic mamakacia ojaxSi. am kverebianad patarebTan er-
Tad saxlis ufrosi midis erT-erT axlo qorfa xesTan,
25 eliafS _ elia+afS _`elia wiTeli~.
cisartyelas salocavi
es salocavi sayovelTao ar aris, magram bevr gvars
ki marTebs yovelwlobiT cisartyelas salocavi. ufro
xSirad am salocaviT loculoben avadmyofni, rodesac
mkiTxavi axsnis avadmyofobas cisartyelas mizeziT... Tu
kaci didxans moyviTlo ferisaa, Zala da xasiaTi aklia
da sxv., es, afxazis azriT, `zecas rom akravs~ _ cisar-
tyelas bralia, da is avadmyofi kaci wyalSi Casula im
dros, rodesac cisartyela wyals svamda da maSin gam-
wikvlovanebula (dayiSit) [dayiaSit].
Semoavleben ra rames avadmyofs da dahpirdebian
Tu ara ulocon, igi gahyavT wminda dedabrebs mdinare
wylispiras. aq moaqvT ori Semwvari yveruli, ori puris
Rvezeli, romelnic enis formisani arian da amitom `en-
ebi~ hqviaT, amaT garda yvela xorageuloba, rac saWiroa
wylis salocavis dros, radganac cisartyelas salo-
cavTan erTad wylis salocavic unda iyos. mdinaris or-
save napirze daawyoben sxvadasxva wminda da mSvenier niv-
Teulobas: tanisamoss, vercxleulobas da sxva. wylis
erTi napiridan meoremde gaabamen abreSumis Zafis xids.
am saxiT, roca yovelive damzadebulia, mlocavi dedaka-
ci aiRebs kacis saxiT gakeTebul patara kuks, romelic
morTulia mSvenieri ferad-feradi tanisamosiT, da, Se-
moavlebs ra amas muxlmoyril da mitkal-gadafarebul
avadmyofs, exveweba Sveba-gankurnebas cisartyelas
`eliafSis~ saxeliT, Semdeg sanTliT xelSi TavTavis
rigze mimarTavs `wylis deda qalbatons~ da mis qmars
_ `batons~. agreTve locviT gadaavlebs sxva xorageu-
lobasac da Tav-Tav saWmelebidan finCxebs gadaagdebs.
gaTavebisas zemoxsenebul kacis saxis tikins Tavmoxs-
nil ayiroSi (mware kvaxSi) Caamagreben, irgvliv mokide-
buli sanTlebiT gaaCiraRdneben da wyalze gadaagdeben
am sityvebiT: `avadmyofis nacvlad amas Seeqcie, eTama-
76 77
vilis sulad, locvis dros cxensac iqve miabamen, bolos
moxsnian da sityvebiT: `Sens suls hqondeso~, mindorze
miuSveben. aseTi cxeni xSirad, afxazis azriT, ibereba da
hkvdeba, e.i. suls TavisTan gadahyavs.
aJaharas salocavi
sityvas _ `aJaharas~ afxazebi uwodeben saxlis,
ojaxis ufross, zedamxedvel arsebas, da, maSasadame,
aJaharas salocavi aris locva saxlis zedamxedvelis
saxeliT. megrulad am salocavs `nerCis~ salocavs eZax-
ian. am salocaviT, magaliTad, loculoben axali col-
qmari jer kidev im dros, rodesac isini erTad ufrosebs
ar sCvenebian, an rodesac axali rZali did saxlSi
SemohyavT, agreTve gaTxovebuli qali _ ded-mamis sax-
lSi pirvelad mobrunebuli gayvanis Semdeg. yvela am
SemTxvevaSi TviT saklavebis dakvlis win, marjvniv maTi
SemobrunebiT saxlis ufrosi anu erT-erTi uuxnieresi
vinme Samfurze Camocmul gul-RviZliT xelSi aJaharas
sTxovs mlocvel kacze, rom man mudam Tavisi Semweobisa
da mfarvelobis qveS iyolios Sin, gareT da sxva da sxva.
Wapu
keris zedamxedvels hqvia `Wapu~. mis saxelobazedac
aris salocavi. magaliTad, rodesac bavSvi nacartutas,
Tixas xSirad sWams, siarulsa da laparaks didxans vera
swavlobs, maSin didi WadiT ulocavs Wapus saxeliT; Sem-
deg mas wiTeli ZafiT Seborkaven, karze daayeneben da
sxva vinme patara bavSvi fexebTan gauvlis WadiT xelSi,
Tan borkilsac moswyvets da karSi gaiqceva. amis Semdeg
bavSvi Zlier Cqara iswavlis siarulsao. Wapus saxeliT
xes fexs miadgams da loculobs: `xeo, Seni madli da
sikeTe momaniWe... xidan uvneblad Camomiyvane, nedl to-
tze Sevsdge, gamimagrdes, xmelze Sevsdge, gaminedldes~
da sxv.
sagareo salocavi (adnya) [advniya]
sxvadasxva mizezis garda avadmyofobas miaweren
xolme ̀ gareulis~ mizezsac. es gareulni arian mkvdarTa
sulni. eseni rame ukmayofilobis gamo uwyrebian cocx-
lebs: kaci iyos, gind saqoneli, es orive SesaZloa. sa-
gareo salocavis, anu rac igivea, mkvdrebis mier `nabra-
levi~ avadmyofi, afxazis azriT, xSir-xSirad amTqnarebs,
mZinareobs, cocxal-mkvdarsa hgavs. es imis niSania, rom
suli, romelic ebrala, sulsa Txoulobs da Tu sulis
magivrad saklaviT ar daakmayofiles, igi avadmyofs Tan
gadiyvans.
Semovlebis Semdeg erT-erT samSabaTs an SabaTs
akeTeben saukeTeso saWmelebs: kravs an cxvars, qaT-
mebs, mawons, `Cemuqvas~ da sxv. araiSviaTad Tu didkacis
sulma avad gaxada kaci, maSin Zroxasac hklaven. yove-
live amas sufraze saxlis derefanSi daawyoben. aqve ise,
rogorc cisartyelas salocavis dros, or mxareze sx-
vadasxva Zvirfasi da wminda tanisamosi da nivTeuloba
iqneba dalagebuli. avadmyofs sakidebel _ naWa Semov-
lebul wris SigniT daaCoqeben. Semdeg mlocavi (qalisa
_ qali, kacisa _ kaci) Seevedreba cxovelTa da mkvdar-
Ta (angi-fsngis) gaanTavisuflon avadmyofi, mianiWon
simTele, damzadebuli Sesawiravi miiRon avadmyofis
nacvlad, zurgze xels gadausvams da azatis micemiT ab-
olovebs salocavs. kidev roca mkvdris suli, romelic
avada xdis, aRiarebulia didkacis, magaliTad, TavadiS-
78 79
viciT, rom ukanasknel Semadgenel sityvas (an _deda) Se-
icavs sityva anca [ancva] _ RmerTi.
xozos daWera (axvaJkra) [axvaJvkira]
religiuri ceremonia xozos daWerisa aris yovelw-
lobiT Cvens dros didmarxvis pirvel orSabaTs. am dros
mraval moxarSul xozoebidan aiRebs, daiWers afxazi
TiTo an sam-sams da Txovna-vedrebiT mimarTavs igi sxva-
dasxva saxelwodebis RmerTebs (`dedaTa~). amitomaa, rom
afxazi am ceremonias eZaxis `xozos daWeras~, dakavebas,
xolo TviT dros, rodesac mas aRasrulebs, xozos daW-
eris anu dakavebis dros. da es dro iTvleba weliwadis
sazom drod ise, rogorc qristianebSi didni Soba-aR-
dgomis dResaswaulni.
Tavdapirvelad saxlis ufrosi aiRebs sam xozos
da saerTod sTxovs yvela RmerTs am sityvebiT: didno
RmerTno (anca douqv [ancva duqva] _`didno dedano~),
Semdeg kerZod da daiwyebs locvas.
aiRebs ra sxva xozos, Tavdapirvelad exveweba
`aliSkintr~-sa [aliSkintir], ZaRlebis ufross, da sTx-
ovs mas ZaRlis bedi misces, kargi ZaRli gaazrdevinos
da gaumravlos, radgan, Tu ZaRli gyavs, afxazis fiqriT,
saqonelic Semogiva da misi bedic geqmneba da amitomaa,
rom afxazi yvelaze uwin ixseniebs aliSkintrs.
sxva xozoTi xelSi afxazi evedreba saqonlis, piru-
tyvis zedamxedvelis RmerTs `aiTar~-s: `aiTar! Seni
madli da sikeTe momaniWe; aiTaris mTqmelT yvelas mam-
jobine~... erTi sityviT, loculobs saqonlisaTvis, ma-
gram ar iviwyebs bolos Tavis Tavsac. pirutyvis RmerTs
`aiTar~-s upirvelesi alagi uWiravs, radgan, rogorc
Cven ukve vlaparakobdiT, saqonels ufro didi mniS-
vneloba aqvs miwaTmoqmedebasTan SedarebiT.
swyevlian dedakacebi erTmaneTs. cxadia, `Wapus~ moq-
medebis wre Zlieri viwrod aris Semofargluli: keraTi
da keras garSemoTi.
Jabranis [Jvabran] salocavi
es salocavi Zroxisaa da mas aRasrulebs yoveli
afxazi, visac ki Zroxa hyavs, yvelieris SabaTs. amisaT-
vis windawinve damzadebuli aqvT didi farTe sulguni,
romelsac `wminda yvels~ eZaxian. keraze dadebul Wadis
comze, sanam foTlebs moafarebdnen, `wminda yvelis~
amoWril Suaguls zed daawebeben da am dros mamakaci dai-
wyebs Jabranis [Jvabran] salocaviT, vis saxelzedac loc-
uloben: `Jabranis [Jvabran] mTqmelTa yvelas mamjobine;
saqonels mimate da gamimravle ise, rom momavalSi am Wadis
tola yveliT vloculobde da rom Zroxebi ezoSi ar me-
teodes; avisa da faTerakisagan daixsna, Sin daicva, gared
daicva, daZvelebuli balanisa da ganavalis garda zara-
li ar misce; winamavali saqoneli mirbodes, ukana ver ewe-
odes; xboebi daTvis beliviT kuntruSobdnen da kviciviT
elvarebdnen da brwyinavdnen, amasa gTxov...~ am sityve-
bis warmoTqmis Semdeg aiRebs sam Txilis joxs, CaurWobs
zemoxsenebuli Wadis comSi da zeviT gires daartyams am
sityvebiT: `vooc! [voocv] CifS!~ (Zroxis saxmobi xmaa).
imave salocavs, roca Zroxis nacvlad Txas ulocaven
SabaTis magivrad yvelieris xuTSabaTs, hqvia jabranis
salocavi da sruldeba imave saxiT, rogorc zemoT aris
moxsenebuli.
sityvebi Jabran [Jvabran] da jabran, romlebsac ixse-
nieben salocavebSi, erTi meoresa hxsnis: Jabran rTuli
sityvaa da unda Sesdgebodes Semdegi sityvebisagan: aJ-
ab-an26 [aJv-ab-an] (aJ [aJv] _ Zroxa, ab _ mama, an _ deda),
Jabran [Jvabran]_ `Zroxis mamaTa deda, Zroxis winaparTa
deda~. jabran, romelSic ja Semoklebulia da niSnavs
Txas: ja-ab-an _jabran_ ~Txis winaparTa deda~. Cven ukve
26 yvela arsebiTi saxeli afxazur enaSi iwyeba xmiT a, romelic si-
tyvis kavSirSi ufro xSirad gamovardeba.
80 81
nen; rogorc mTvaris amosvla kacis guls axarebs, ise
TviToeuli maTgani kacis guls moxvdebodes, moswondes
da sxv.
aris bolos sacexvelis msgavsi xozo, romelSiac sxva
ramdensame xozoebs Tavebi Camwkrivebuli aqvs (gamoxat-
avs Romis cexvis process). daiWers ra am xozos, afxazi
sTxovs ̀ didTa RmerTTa~ ojaxis momatebas, mis uvneblad
dacvas, rom ase iyvnen qalebi, rZlebi, maT Soris deda, an
dedamTili idges da grial-grialiT cexvavdnen. glexni
TavisTvis isurvebdnen amas, xolo keTilSobilni _ Tav-
isi ymebisaTvis.
futkris salocavi
mrgval yvelian purs, xaWapurs acxoben, Sedian da
ulocaven futkars `ananagundas~ saxelis xsenebiT. Se-
modian mere Sin da sWamen purs, magram ise ki, rom erT-
maneTi ar dainaxon: erTs erTi karisaken aqvs piri miq-
ceuli da meores meorisaken.
mjaT
am saxelwodebis xsenebiT locva aRsruldeba aR-
dgomis saRamos didi mrgvali da yveliani mWadiT. locvis
gaTavebisas mlocveli aiRebs danayil marils, romelsac
sxvadasxva bostneuloba urevia da mawonSi Caagdebs, pa-
tara tyemlis joxsac Cahyofs da ambobs: `dReis Semdeg
ar vyof, ar vzomav, axali rZe da yveli uSvi~. am dReidan
rZesa da yvels xmaroben moTxovnilebisamebr sxvadasx-
vagvarad. am dromdis ki axal mwvanils ar ureven rZeSi,
rom amiT mewvel saqonels rZe ar Semoakldes.
aiTaris saxeliT afxazebi ficuloben, roca undaT
naTqvami daamtkicon, da swyevlian erTmaneTsac. upi-
ratesi mniSvneloba `aiTari~-sa Cans iqidanac, rom `xo-
zos daWeras~ eZaxian agreTve aiTaris salocavs da Tvec
iwodeba aiTaris Tved.
agreTve am saxiTve mimarTavs SaSana-s da sTxovs:
`SaSana axuc aquswa raxu nasf [nasif] uimTaait~, viTom
SaSanam, Tmis gamCenman, saqonlis bedi ar mogces, anu:
SaSanam Tmosanis bedi ar mogcao (wyevlaa).
aiRebs kidev xozos, mimarTavs Wirnaxulis RmerTs,
Wirnaxulis gapirovanebas anafanaga-s da sxvaTa Soris
ambobs: `anafanaga! Cems rkineulobasa da iaraRs, sa-
dac gavusvam da gavkrav, xvavi da baraqaTi momeci, vinc
gaitans Wirnaxuls, saqoneli SesZine, vinca sWams _
Searge~ da sxv.27 aiRebs sxva xozos da ambobs: `SaSa! iara-
Ri rasac davuSino, nu damacdenineb~. SaSaze Cven qvemoT
vilaparakebT.
mzis msgavsad mrgvlad moxarSuls xozos aiRebs da
ambobs: `mzeo! madlsa, sikeTesa, Tavis rigze da droze
siTbo da sinaTlesa, keTil dros... nu mogvakleb~. amave
xozoTi Txoulobs qalebisaTvis, rom simSvenieriT, si-
lamaziTa, eSxiTa da sikekluciT mzesaviT anaTebdnen,
brwyinavdnen da aTbobdnen kacis guls.
aris axal-mTvaris msgavsi xozo da amiT loculobs
mTvaris saxels. agreTve amave xozoTi xelSi vaJiSvi-
lebs mTvares adarebs, rom isini mTvaresaviT elvarebd-
27 kidev Wirnaxulis salocavi a n a f a n a g a s saxeliT icodnen Se-
modgomaze, rodesac pirvelad Sin SemohqondaT Romis Zna. yanis sal-
ocavi kidev _ garda imisa, rom mariamobis marxvaSi jvars aayeneben,
wminda sanTels simindsa da lobios miawebeben av sulTa vnebis asac-
ileblad _ ician kidev mariamobas didi WadiT j a j a s saxeliT. es
jaja yanis boroti, mavne RmerTia mdedrobiTi sqesisa da miumzidveli
saxisa: dabalia, gaberili da sazareli Sexedulobisaa (dRaRaZa). jaja
yanaSi Sedis da, sadac unda, iZaxis: `nacvis, nacvis _ neki, neki!~ e.i. si-
mindis taro nekis tola. am dros mis gamgone guladi kaci rom gamoeki-
dos iaraRiT xelSi, jaja gaiqceva, Tu am sityvebs miaZaxebs: `raki Zaki,
raki Zaki~ _ `wyrTa da mtkaveli, wyrTa da mtkaveli~.
82 83
dze iqve miwaSi Casobil da CangaliviT samkbilian joxis
wverze moacmen TiTo-TiTo mrgval nedl yvels da amis
Semdeg ufrosi ulocavs pirutyvs mexis (afu) saxeliT,
romelsac (salocavs) afxazi ubralo laparakSi, SiSisa
gamo, zeviTs, zeviTurs uwodebs. aq moyvanil qaTams zogi
bibilos mosWris da cocxals tyeSi gauSvebs, zogic _
gaatyavebs da ise Camohkidebs iq. mTaze asuli mwyemsni
ulocaven saqonels agreTve mTis zedamxedvel mexis
saxelobaze. yvela am salocavebSi, garda Cveulebrivi
locvisa, afxazni evedrebian mTidan uvneblad da mSvi-
dobianad Camogviyvaneo.
ananha [ananhva]
15 agvistos, anu mariamobas afxazi uwodebs anan-
has [ananhva]. afxazuri enis aramcodnec hxedavs, rom
erTi nawili am sityvisa xmaurobs msgavsad nana da mar-
Tlac es sityva Semdgaria sityvaTagan: anan, nana da nhara
[anuhvara]_`locva~; ananha [ananhva] _ nanas saxelobaze
locva, nanas dResaswaulia. Tu Cven gvecodineba es Cven
dromdinac darCenili salocavi, romelsac afxazi aRas-
rulebs am dRes, maSin ukeT mivxvdebiT am saxelwodebis
mniSvnelobas... saxlis ufrosi dedakaci aiRebs gamomcx-
var mWads, zed erT vercxlis fuls, egred wodebuls (anan
lfara) `nanas fuls~ dasdebs, Sedis bostanSi da Cerdeba
kitris ZirTan: sam kitris foTols mWads qveS amosdebs,
sams zeviT moafarebs da sams Tavze daidebs. mokidebul
sanTels kitrisave Rers miawebebs, xolo TviTon jer sak-
meveliT xelSi loculobs: `dedano gamCenno! Svilebis
simwares nu miCveneb, maTTvis gabdRvnilad kuTxeSi nu
damsvam, maTs sikeTes damaswari~.
qfaT oqvnaS
SabaTs, axal anu Tomas kviriakis wina dRiT (anu
naaRdgomevis erT-erT SabaTs) afxazi loculobs qfa-
Tis saxelobaze (saWiroa Sesawiravi yveli, mWadi, zedaSe
Rvino, sanTel-sakmeveli da sxv.), saerTod mTeli jala-
bobis, saxlobis saRad da uvneblad (ufro ciebisagan)
dacvisaTvis. am salocavisaTvis momzadebul saWmels
marto ojaxis wevrni sWamen. xalxSi Tqmulebaa: `aR-
dgomasaviT Cvens mokeTes mouvides, qafaTasaviT_Sens
mtersao~, radgan aRdgomis saWmeli aravis ar aRekrZa-
leba da, maSasadame, SesaZloa ukeT molxena, xolo qafa-
Tis dRes ki es ar SeiZleba.
qfaTis saxelze locvis aRsrulebis swors, kidev Sa-
baTs dRes, TiTqmis imave wesiTa da xorageulobiT loc-
uloben ̀ qvanaS~-as saxeliT, romelsac agreTve saerTod
evedrebian ojaxisaTvis...
aq da zemoT mecamete salocavSi moxsenebuli ̀ qfaT~,
`qvanaS~ da `mjaT~-is Sesaxeb am droebiT mets veras vi-
tyviT. qfaT da mjaT mamakacis saxelebia exla.
kidev saqonlis salocavebi
wvril oTx-fex saqonels, mTisken garekis win, SabaT
dRes, ulocaven `CemuqvaTi~ da cikniT `gareulebis~,
e.i. mkvdrebis saxelze! amave dRes saRamoTi rZis qaSiT
ulocaven aiTaris saxeliT. am qaSs pirvelad qals aW-
meven, iqneba Zroxebma safure xborebi moigono... meore
dRes mamakacni midian tyeSi, sadac akeTeben patara kar-
avs, romelzedac daawyoben saWiro xorageulobas. gver-
84 85
saviT yurze Camohkideben da aqedanaa warmomdgari am sa-
locavis afxazuri saxelwodeba.
TviT locvis dros wminda, umanko qals mihyavs avad-
myofi Txilis Ziras. Svidi Txilis joxs miwaSi CaarWobs
da TviToeuls TiTo Rer sanTels miakravs, aanTebs da
joxebSua avadmyofs daaCoqebs da ise ulocavs. Ses-
awiravad aqvT mrgvali puri. am locvis dros axseneben
klde-klde mosiarule hanifas _ axra-axra inyvoo han-
ifa (hanifa afxazurad dedakacis saxelia). es salocavi
ukeTesia aRasrulon saqonlis mTisken garekis dros,
vinaidan igi, `klde-klde mosiarule hanifa~, romel-
sac daWerili hyavs avadmyofi, am dros saqonels mTaze
ahyveba. Semodgomaze saqonlis Camorekis dros rom
ulocon, mTidam Camosuli hanifa iqneba xelmeored See-
yaros avadmyofs.
saRmrTo da zeviTuri, anu mexis salocavi
yvela avadmyofobaTa Soris, romelnic, afxazis az-
riT, gamowveulni arian sxvadasxva zegardmo mizeziTa
da braliT, anu sxvadasxva keTil da mavne momqmed arse-
baTa mier, Cven SegviZlia davasaxeloT is avadmyofoba,
romelsac afxazi racxs Sedegad RvTis `mizezisa~ an
bralisa. am avadmyofobis niSnebi aris Semdegi: avad-
myofi Zalian Sewuxebulia, temperatura Cqar-Cqara ecv-
leba, xan matulobs, xan klebulobs da amisdagvarad xan
`civ~, xan `cxel~ ofls asxams; xan bneda ereva da TiTqos
kvdeba, magram uceb iseTi Zal-Rone Semouva, rom kedels
(facxisas) amtvrevs, Werisaken xteba. erTis sityviT, ram-
denime kaci ver imagrebs loginze; xSirad xeli, an fexi
moukrunCxdeba da ase uSeSdeba, uZravad urCeba, Tvalebi
gadmoutrialdeba da sxv. ufro sayuradReboa misi su-
lieri mdgomareoba: avadmyofi, romelmac Tavis dReSi ara
icoda ra simRerisa, iwyebs mSvenier simRerasa da locvas.
sadambadeblo `aSacanha~ [aSacanuhva]
dambadeblebis, anu gamCen-gamomsaxavTa saxelze
loculobs marto dedakaci. TiToeul amaTgans hyavs
amisaTvis yur-moWrili Zroxa. am Zroxis xboiT an im
wels, roca safure xbos moigebs Zroxa, ori yveruliT
ulocavs gareSe wminda dedakaci da SesTxovs gamCen-
gamomsaxavebs qalis, misi qmrisa da mTeli misi ojaxisaT-
vis. es zemore moxsenebul salocavTan (nanas salocavi)
aris SeerTebuli da amitom yvela imisTvis saWiro sag-
nebi saWiroa am ukanasknelisaTvisac: oTxi kveri, mamali,
`nanas fuli~ (dambadeblebis `nana fuli~ kiserze abia
yovel dedakacs).
Tmaze salocavi
Sua didmarxvaSi icodnen Tmis locva: mTeli sof-
lis qalebi Seikribebodnen, akeTebdnen mraval xozos
da mihqondaT wylis piras. aq wminda dedakaci qalebs
miazomebda msxvils da grZels da ambobda: `am sigrZe, am
simsxoo~, igulisxme: Tma. eseTi saTxovari qalebisa mi-
marTuli iyo wylis dedis mimarT.
yuris salocavi(ahsa r lmha iklou [ahvsa rlimha ikilou] _`qalebis
yurze Camobmuli~)
muxlebis kveTa, uxasiaToba da sazogadod sisuste,
Tu avadmyofs yursa da TvalSi elandeba xSirad cecxlis
ali an talkvesis gakvra, es bralisagan aris da es brali,
afxazis azriT, `friad mZime ram aris~. am SemTxvevaSi
avadmyofs Semoavleben Rils, romelsac Semdeg sayure-
86 87
(an RmerTni) moTavsebuli avadmyofSi da raRac danaSau-
lobisaTvis Txoulobs dakmayofilebasa da imuqreba,
imsxverplos ara erTi da ori, aramed mTeli saxlobac.
namdvilad darwmunebuli, rom RmerTi imyofeba avad-
myofSi, afxazi, roca hkiTxaven am saxiT: `riT arian avad
im saxlobaSio?~ pasuxs iZleva: `RmerTi stumrad hyav-
To~ (anca drToup) [ancva dirToup].
mkiTxavi an ukeT `melobie~ lobios marcvlebis ga-
dayr-gadmoyris Semdeg kvers ukravs da uxsnis Wirisu-
flebs, Tu ris gamo SebrZanebula RmerTi da ra gvaris
locviT SeuZliaT Tavi gamoixsnan sikvdilisagan.
im droidan, rodesac avadmyofoba aRiarebuli iqne-
ba Sedegad RvTis bralisa, im saxlSi, sadac avadmyo-
fia, yovelgvari mwuxareba mxiarulebad iqceva, radgan,
aSkaraa, iq, sadac RmerTi imyofeba, mxiaruleba marTebs
kacs da ara urva-mwuxareba. axalgazrdani mTeli sof-
lidgan ikribebian da saxlSi, sadac momakvdavi adamiani
wevs, imarTeba cekva-simRera. am SemTxvevisaTvis simRe-
rac aris, romelsac sxva dros krZalvisa da SiSis gamo
ver ityvian xolme. araTu simReraSi, rogorc zemoTac
iyo aRniSnuli, aramed cekvaSiac avadmyofic Rebulobs
zogjer monawileobas. amasobaSi, meores mxriT, mzadeba
midis Cveulebisamebr da mkiTxavisagan naCveneb wesze sa-
locavis asasruleblad. saqme mTels gvarovnobas Seex-
eba. locva usaTuod kvira dRes unda aRasrulon. garda
ori Sesawiravi saklavisa, romelTagan erTi kravi an ver-
Zia, meore_ Tikani an vaci, saWiroa ori Rvezeli, ori
puri da ori Reri wminda sanTeli (verZi, erTi puri da
erTi sanTeli RvTis saxelze da vaci, erTi puri da erTi
sanTeli miqel-gabrielis saxelze), moxarSuli xozoebi;
erTi kidev patara spilenZis qvabi da pawawina (rkinis)
Camosakidebeli naWa. ukanaskneli ori nivTi mxolod am
dRes ixmareba, sxva dros wmindad aqvT Senaxuli. yvela
CamoTvlili nivTi da sxva saWiro xorageuloba cotad
SesaniSnavi is aris, rom igi Tavisi saxeliT ki ar lapara-
kobs, aramed ise, TiTqos sxva vinme dabudebuli da moT-
avsebuli iyos mis gvamSi: `me Tqvens avadmyofs suls amo-
vuReb, Tu amas da amas ar izamTo~. ase laparakobs igi ara
erTxel, aramed TiTqmis mudam da daJinebiT; xan muqariT
mimarTavs vinmes da maSin esec imgvaradve avad gaxdeba.
ase aqvT warmodgenili es avadmyofoba afxazebs da asec
aris: mravali magaliTi gagvigonia amisi da Cven TviTon
vyofilvarT mowme ramdenime SemTxvevaSi. es avadmyofoba
SesaniSnavia rogorc fiziologiurad, ise fsixiuradac
da afxazebs Soris afxazisave saSualeba xSirad ukeT Sve-
lis mas, vidre namdvili saeqimo Semweoba da RonisZieba.
saqme is aris, rom rodesac adamiani wveba loginSi rame
avadmyofobis gamo, sanam misi seni jer ar gamwvavebula,
igi, rasakvirvelia, fiqrobs Tavisi avadmyofobis mizez-
ze. aq, cxadia, SesaZloa, afxazi waawydes azrs: iqneba avad
viyo zegardmo `bralisa anu mizezisa~ gamo, vinaidan igi
pataraobidanve mtkiced darwmunebulia, rom kaci avad
xdeba amgvarad, da am avadmyofobis xasiaTi da viTareba
man dawvrilebiT icis. raki avadmyofi erTxelve daiwyebs
fiqrs, rom me avad vyofilvar RmerTTa mizeziTao, anu
`RmerTTa bralma~ mavnoo da am avadmyofobis niSnebs war-
moidgens, raki aseTi azri daiwyebs avadmyofis TavSi tri-
als, igi cru da moSlili mosazrebis SemweobiT TandaTan
izrdeba, matulobs da bolos SesaZloa, miiyvanos kaci
imgvar Tavdaviwyebamde, rom daawyebinos laparaki, cekva,
simRera da sxv.
afxazebis SexedulobiT ki es avadmyofoba, rogorc
zeviTa vTqviT, aris namdvili Sedegi RmerTTa `bralisa~
da risxvisa (anca r mzz) [ancva rimziz]: TviT RmerTiao28
28 aq igulisxmeba ara WeSmariti RmerTi, aramed warmarTuli keTili an
boroti, Tumca locvaSi ixseneben RmerTs da mere mixeil da gabriel
mTavarangelozTa, magram es qristianobis zemoqmedobaa. TviT saxel-
wodeba (anca r mzz) [ancva rimziz], rogorc zeviT gavarCieT, pirdapir
dedaTa (RmerTTa) mizezi, bralia. amitomaa rom mec R m e r T s ga-
nurCevlad vxmarob xan mravlobiTad, xanac mxolobiTSi.
88 89
locvas imgvaradve asruleben, mxolo im gansxvavebiT,
rom zogierTni TikniTa da kraviT kmayofildebian an
kidev usisxlo SesawiraviT.
garda moxsenebuli avadmyofobisa aris kidev sxva
mizezi, ris gamoc afxazi kisrulobs yovelwlobiT amg-
var salocavs da yovel kvira TiTo dRis uqmobas. es miz-
ezi aris mexis dacema, rasac igi TiTqmis mometebuli
SiSiT Sehyurebs. rodesac mexi moxvdeba afxazis qone-
bas: saxls, pirutyvs, xes an mamuls, afxazi amas sTvlis
mexis risxvad da amitom maSinaTve mimarTavs mkiTxavs;
ekiTxeba, ra mizezia da rogor unda moviqceo. mkiTxavic
dauniSnavs locvas da dRis dacvas. wesi locvisa TiTqmis
erTi da igivea, rogorc pirvel salocavSi, im gansxvave-
biT, rom aq evedrebian pirdapir mexs. saqoneli, romel-
sac mexi moxvdeba, afxazis rwmeniT, ise mZimea, rom aTasi
kacic ver daanZrevs adgilidan. magram aseT saqonels
ferxuliT Tu irgvliv Semouares da imReres erTi sim-
Rera, romelsac `atlarCoufa~-s simReras uwodeben,
maSin Cveulebrivi siadviliT asweven saqonels. rogorc
`saRmrTo bralis~ avadmyofobis dros, ise aqac mwux-
areba da tirili aRar SeiZleba. Tu TviTon adamiani im-
sxverpla mexma, mas ar dastirian da ar marxaven miwaSi,
aramed moxsenebuli simReriTa da cekviT aaqvT maRla
xis wverze da iq stoveben, TiTqos amiT undaT isev zeci-
dan Camomaval mexs dauaxlovon29.
zemonaTqvamidan gamodis, rom iseT gvarsa an ojax-
Si, sadac emarTaT `saRmrTo~ an mexis salocavi, kvlav
gamoCnda `saRmrTo~ mizeziT avadmyofoba an moxvda mexi
visme, an rasme, maSin mkiTxavi im mosazrebiT, rom dRe
29 am mokle droSi iyo aseTi SemTxveva. tirodnen da asaflavebdnen
micvalebuls. mexma mohkla iqve maxlobliv ori xari. uceb tirili cek-
vad da moxsenebul atlarCoufas simRerad Seicvala. es xarebi maRla
xeze Sesdes da Semdeg mkvdari daasaflaves Cumad da dautireblad...
saxlze daSorebiT, tyian alagas gaaqvT, sadac wminda
moxuci, marjvniv mobrunebisa da Sesaferi locvis war-
moTqmis Semdeg, hklavs saklavebs, romelsac iqve hxar-
Saven. aqve miwaSi CaarWoben oTx kavebian joxebs, amaze
gasdeben or xarixas, romlebzedac gardigardmo ga-
dahyrian joxebs da sul zeviT moayrian foTlebs. am
araxelovnur tablas gadaafareben mitkals da imaze
daawyoben yvela Sesawiravs. aqve Camohkideben naWas da
masze pawawina `saRmrTo qvabs~. am saxiT, roca yovelive
mzadaa, mohyavT avadmyofi da ayeneben am tablas win,
gverdiT moudgebian misi gvaris warmomadgenelni (mx-
olod qalebi ki ver miekarebian am wminda alags), xolo
wminda moxuci aiRebs sanTels da ambobs: `dido RmerTo!
dRevandeli mlocveli, rogorc rigia da mkiTxavis naTq-
vamis Tanaxmad, warmosdga Sens winaSe, moitana mSvenieri
saklavebi, purebi... Seiwyale, Seibrale igi, Tu ram Seg-
coda, apatie, gTxov dReis iqiT ganaTavisuflo gaxsni-
li naskvis magvarad~. sanTels gadaavlebs, moukidebs da
iq miawebebs. Semdeg meore sanTliT mimarTavs agreTve
miqel-gabriels. locvis ceremoniaTa Sesrulebis Sem-
deg avadmyofi, `moyvanili sakaciT, martodmarto midis
Sin~, danarCenni ki iqve sadiloben da Semdeg simRera-
cekviT dros atareben. saRamoze iSleba xalxi da danar-
Cen saWmelsa da tyavs aq xeze stoveben.
am `bralisa gamo~ afxazi valad idebs romelime dRis
wmindad dacvas, uqmebas. am dRes, sxvas Tavi rom da-
vaneboT, saxlsac ki ara hgvian. gareSe kacs aras gasaWir-
Si am dRes muqTad, sanaTxovrod, Tund safasodac iyos,
ara ras aZleven.
marto aRwerilis wesiT, salocav-SesawiraviT ver
gaistumrebs afxazi RmerTs, aramed yovelwlobiT unda
gaimeoron locva, rom wlis ganmavlobaSi raime Sec-
domiT ar Serisxon zena. am yovelwlobiT ganmeorebiT
90 91
mzakvroba da misnoba, cxadia, mWedeli sxva saqmeebSiac
unda iyos ostati. marTlac, ara Tu SeuZlian mas avad-
myofis gamokeTeba, morCena, aramed igi gamocdili da
daxelovnebulia simRera-cekvasa da poeziaSiac. sityve-
bi `mWedeli~, `Wedva~ xSirad ixmareba meleqseebis Ses-
axeb, rogorc germanulSi, mxolod dacinvis kiloTi ki
ara.
raki cneba mWedeli Seicavs mxatvrobas, raki erTx-
el mWedels SeuZlia avadmyofis morCena, advilad war-
mosadgenia, rom masve SeuZlian kacis avad gaxdenac...
amitom mWedeli, romelic akeTebs magari nivTierebi-
sagan, rkinisagan mSvenier nivTebs, mWedeli, romelic
daxelovnebulia simRera-cekvasa da poeziaSi, mWedeli,
romelic arCens da avad xdis adamians, ai, aseTi kaci, ra
gasakviria, dids pativdebaSi rom iyos. araTu Zvelad,
aramed exlac mWedlebi finlandiaSi didad pativcemul-
ni arian: maTTan miaqvT arayi da sxvani, rom maTi guli
moigon. dResac amgvarsave pativdebaSi arian mWedlebi
afxazebSi.
afxazeTSi samWedlos da mWedels igive mniSvnelo-
ba aqvs, rac morwmune qristianeTaTvis saydarsa da
mRvdels da kidev metic. mWedlobis xelobis momgon-
sa hqvian: SaSa xe _ ah-dou [SaSvi xi ah-du] (SaSa, xelis
(xelosnobis) didi batoni), anu SemoklebiT SaS [SaSvi].
SaSaze, rogorc pirvel mWedelze, mogviTxroben afxa-
zebi, rom igi gaxurebul rkinas pirdapir xeliT iRebda,
grdemlis magivrad muxlze daidebda da ase sWedavdao.
sxva bevri ara viciT ra am SaSaze [SaSvize], Cans ki, rom
igi ara marto mWedlobis, aramed 363 xelobis gamCeni da
mfarvelia; igi saSinlad Zlieri da ficxia. misi saxeliT
ficuloben da swyevlian erTmaneTs afxazebi ubralo
laparaksa da saqmeebSiac. TviT samWedlo Tavisi iaraRe-
biTa da mowyobilobebiT aris SaSas [SaSvi] xati da sxva
ara ra. Cven gvesmis Semdegi fraza afxazisagan: `SaSa bJ-
SegSliaTo, an rame uwesobiT SeuracxgiyviaT salocav-
io, uniSnavs axlad salocavs da axals kidev sxva dRes
sauqmeblad. amitom Cven vxedavT afxazebSi ara erTsa da
or gvars an ojaxs mainc, romelnic yovel kvira or-ors
dRes inaxaven da usaqmod atareben.
mWedlisa da samWedlos mniSvneloba afxazebSi
Tavis siymawvileSi kacobrioba gakvirvebiTa da gao-
cebiT Sescqeris zogierT xelovnurad nawarmoeb sag-
nebs. amitom is kaci, romelic amgvar sagnebs akeTebs,
misi SexedulebiT, araCveulebrivi kacia, magaliTad,
meqoTne, romelic Tavis ubralo maSiniT uformo da
uxazo nivTeulobas aZlevs mSvenier formas. uZveles
dros Zvelni egviptelni RmerTTagans gamoxatavdnen
xolme meWurWlis saxiT, romelic Tavis dazgaze adami-
ans aZlevs agebulobis saxes.
am mxriv xeloba mWedlisa, romelic adnobs magar
liTonsa da hWedavs da akeTebs sxvadasxva sasargeblo
nivTebsa da iaraRebs, pirvelyofili kacobriobis war-
modgenaSi ufro gasaocari unda yofiliyo.
TviT es xeloba mWedlisa, rogorc erTxmad gviCve-
neben uZvelesni Tqmulebani sxvadasxva xalxisa, gamog-
onilia da mas pirvelad misdevdnen uzenaesni arseba-
ni. Semdeg, rodesac adamianmac xeli mihyo am xelobas,
Znelad warmosadgeni iyo pirvandeli kacisaTvis, rom
adamians SeZleba hqonodes mWedloba gaewia TvalTmaq-
cur da mzakvrul saSualebaTa umeoxod. aqedan bevr
xalxTa TqmulebaSi mWedlis epiTets Seadgens mzakvari,
cbieri, cru da sxv.30 raki mWedloba upiratesi xarisx-
ia adamianis xelobisa, raki am xelobisaTvis saWiroa
30 mWedeli afxazurad _ aris aJii. SeiZleba es sityva warmomdgaria
zmnisagan aJara (Ziri aJ), motyueba, daRoreba. da marTlac, afxazebSi
mWedlebi sazogadod crud da momtyueblebad iTvlebian.
92 93
vilad), damnaSave icno, samarTalSi gamoiwvia, magram,
vTqvaT, momxreTa SemweobiT gaeqca. maSin patroni dak-
argulisa midis mWedelTan da misi surviliTa da nebar-
TviT (muqTad xom ar iqneba) Sedis samWedloSi da aq das-
wyevlis da `gadascems~ qurds: `...xato! Tu Zala gaqvs,
ama da am kacma mompara... egre avad gahxade, Cem saxelsa
hyvirodes, cxviridan sisxli gasdiodes ise, rogorc am
sanTels (aq igi Savad SeRebil wminda Camoqnil mokide-
bul sanTels TavdaRma gadmoatrialebs) da mobrunebas
nu miscem, manam xatis xvedrs ar gamoiRebs da Cemsas or
wilad ar gadamixdis~. ityvis amas da grdemlze kvers
dahkravs. rom ukeT mohxedos xatma, mowiwebiT dahgvis
samWedlos, Tu mamakacia _ yabalaxiT, Tu qalia _ Tavi-
si saxuraviT. darwmunebulia, rom adre Tu gvian Txovna
Seusruldeba da damSvidebuli brundeba Sin. gava dro.
dawyevlil ojaxSi (an mis Svilis an SvilisSvilis ojax-
Si) gaxdeba vinme avad samWedlos nabralevi avadmyo-
fobiT: cxviridan sisxlis dena, piriT berva an xelebis
weva win da ukan rig-rigad emarTeba, TiTqos mWedlis
sabervels eweodeso da sxv. ase agviwers afxazebis fan-
tazia am avadmyofobas. Wirisuflebi maSinve mimarTven
mkiTxavs, romelic umtkicebs, rom samWedlos mizeziao
da aTasnairi xerxiT gamoikiTxavs; Semdeg dausaxelebs
im kacs, romelsac dauwyevlia. es kaci unda daakmay-
ofilon misi survilisa da mkiTxavis rCevis Tanaxmad.
Semdeg ki an maSinve da an avadmyofis mobrunebisTanave,
avadmyofi im mWedels unda daalocvinon, romlis sam-
WedloSiac iqna dawyevlili. amisaTvis saWiroa avad-
myofma miiyvanos ori saklavi vaci mkiTxavis daniSnuli
wlovanebisa. erTi saklavi mWedels rCeba, meore ki ikv-
leba. moxarSuli saklavis asoebi da sxva saWiro xoragi
SemoaqvT samWedloSi, sadac Semodis mlocvelic. aq
mWedeli wesisamebr mimarTavs TxovniT SaSas [SaSvi] da
sTxovs avadmyofis mobrunebasa da gaTavisuflebas da
nxa iuxaraxeit [SaSvi bJnixa iuxaraxeit] _ SaSas Svidma
xatma `gebralos~ _ gavnos~.
mWedeli, romelsac abaria aseTi RvTaebrivi xeloba,
cdilobs wmindad da umankod Seinaxos, Torem sasjeli
moelis SaSasagan [SaSvi]. SecdomaTa asacileblad da
imitom rom SaSa [SaSvi] mudam mfarvelad da mokeTed
iyolios, mWedeli yovelwlobiT ixdis xolme salocav-
sawiravs. es salocavi sruldeba ase. yovel mWedels
umarxia samWedlos qvevri, romelSic yovelwlobiT ay-
enebs Rvinos. axaliwlis wina RamiT am salocavisaTvis
hklaven vacs (anu Zveladganve qristianebi Rors), acxo-
ben or mogrZo yvelian purs, Rvezels, erTs farTosa da
mrgvals, da xozoebs. saklavis gul-RviZli da zogi sxva
asoebi, purebi da samWedlos Wuridan zedaSed erTi boT-
li Rvino Seaqvs mWedels samWedloSi, sadac igi mrgval
purs grdemlze dadebs, or Rvezels win mxrebze miidebs
da ase muxlmoyrili Seevedreba SaSas [SaSvi]: `SaSa xe ah-
dou [SaSvi xi ah-du], samas samocda samTa xelobaTa gam-
Ceno!~ da sxv. Semdeg Tavis Tavisa da sazogado locvisa
locviT gadaavlebs sam-sam `xozos~ Tavis ojaxis Tvi-
Toeul wevrTa da sxv.
samWedlos anu SaSa-bJas [SaSvi bJ] xats samarTalSi
igive mniSvneloba aqvs, rac saxarebas da cxovelmyofel
jvars morwmune qristianeTaTvis, anu rogorc wminda
giorgis xats. ise, rogorc xatebi erTnairad Zlierni
ar arian (xalxis warmodgeniT), zogi samWedlonic ufro
ficxelni arian, zogic_naklebad. visac fics gauCend-
nen Tavis gasamarTleblad, is ficulobda samWedloSi
(ficis miRebis dros ityoda `am xatis madlmao~ da kvers
dahkravda grdemlze). Tumca kanoniT dRes akrZalulia,
mainc afxazi Sinaurulad exlac xSirad ficulobs sam-
Wedlosa da samWedloSi. ai magaliTic:
vTqvaT, afxazs mohpares rame (araTu samWedur ia-
raRebis, mWedlis qonebis moparvasac vin gahbedavs ad-
94 95
Sesawiravi samWeduri xati da didZali saCuqari mWedels.
gaTavisuflebis, dalocvisa da azatis micemis dros
mWedeli Tavis naSegirdals gaatans TiTo xel samWedur
iaraRs. axali mWedeli amis Semdeg Tavisas gamarTavs sam-
Wedlos da TiTonac mexaturi xdeba. mibarebulma, rom
vera iswavlos ra mWedlis xelosnobisa, rac ufro xSirad
xdeba, radgan mWedeli _ ostati imdenad Segirdis gamoz-
rdasa da swavlebas ar daeZebs, ramdenadac mis samsaxurs,
mainc sakmao xnis Semdeg, Tuki Tavis gamoxsna SeiZlo, Tan
miaqvs TiTo xeli am samWedlos gamonayofi iaraReuloba
(uamisod ar iqneba), rom calke samWedlos, ukeT salocav-
is, daarseba SeeZlos. amitom Cven vxedavT afxazeTSi bevr
mosaxles, romelTac Wedvisa ara ician ra da samWedlo
yvela iaraRebi ki calke patara facxaSi wmindad Senaxu-
li aqvT, rogorc ubralo iaraRebi ki ara, aramed rogorc
xati, romlis winaSe TavTavis drosa da rigze locvebs as-
ruleben da iaraRebi mamidan Svilze gadadis.
magram vai im Segirds, romelic gulnaklisad Tavisi
ostatis datovebas moindomebs. maSin ostati iaraRs aRar
gaatans da arc dalocavs da amgvari wasvla xom sikeTes
ar moutans. iaraRebianadac rom gaistumros, mainc os-
tati, Tu ki gulSi raime xvanji CarCenili aqvs, Tavis xats
Seevedreba da gadahkidebs, avad gaxdis da isev Tavis ul-
mobel klanWebSi Caigdebs Tavis naSegirdals. ai, aseTi
didi mniSvneloba aqvs samWedlos da mWedels afxazebSi
da amitom maTi yvelas eSinia da yvela mowiwebiT epyroba.
bolos zurgze xelis wasmiTa da azatis micemiT gamouS-
vebs. mWedels ̀ dalocvis fasad~ eZleva ramdenime maneTi
da kidev calke fuli Sig samWedlos mosaxmareblad.
zogierTi dawyevlili da gadacemuli kaci xSirad
erTi locviT ver Tavisufldeba samWedlos xatisagan
da mWedlis begarisagan. saqme is aris, rom igi valde-
bulia yovel weliwads, samWedlos salocavis dRes, e.i.
axalwliswina Rames movides imave mWedelTan, moiyvanos
TiTo mamali da sxv. da Tavi daalocvinos. es kaci iwode-
ba am samWedlos qveSe-mlocvelad, mas calke Tavis sax-
lSi ar marTebs da arc SeuZlia samWedlos salocavi,
mxolod ki valdebulia moxsenebuli saxiT ilocos am
samWedloSi. amis ausruleblobis gamo mWedeli dawyev-
lis da `xatic~ gadaekideba. aqedan TiToeul samWedlos
mravali sxvadasxva gvarisa da soflis qveSe-mlocveli
hyavs da, maSasadame, TviToeul mWedlisas axali wlis
wina Rames mravali mamali daikvlis.
Tu visme Zlier gaujavrda da `ebrala~ samWedlo,
maSin igi marto xsenebuli locviTa da msxverpliT ver
daixsnis Tavs SaSas [SaSvi] risxvisagan: saWiroa mWedels
giraod, mosamsaxured Svili dauyenos. Tu es ver moxda
mcirewlovanebis an sxva ram mizezis gamo, am SemTxveva-
Si ymawvils Tmas Seuwvaven da pirobas sdeben, rom, raki
igi wamoizrdeba, SaSas [SaSvi] mosamsaxured warudginon.
amgvar ymawvils SeuZlia am pirobas gadauxvios, rasak-
virvelia, mkiTxavis darigebiT, mxolod im pirobiT ki,
rom Tavisi Svili mainc mWedlad (SaSas [SaSvi] win mosamsax-
ured) usaTuod gagzavnos. Tu es piroba droTa viTarebis
gamo daviwyebul iqna, SesaZloa, afxazebis azriT, mTeli
saxloba sruliad amoswydes.
samWedlos xatis win mosamsaxured dayenebulma kacma
anu ubralo Segirdma mWedlisam unda iswavlos xeloba.
swavlis Sesrulebis Semdeg mSoblebma unda amoixsnan
dagiravebuli Svili. amisaTvis saWiroa moutanon kargi
96 97
sarCevi
redaqtorebisagan .........................................................................5
winasityvaoba ..................................................................................8
afxazi. _ xasiaTi afxazisa. _ Zarcva, Tavdasxma
da qurdoba. _ mWevrmetyveloba. _ sisxlis Ziebis
saqme. _samSoblos siyvaruli, _ stumarTmoyvareoba,
darbaisloba da salami. _ formalistoba, namusi da
sargebloba. _ saero TamaSobani da saxalxo poezia. ......10
yofa-cxovreba afxazTa. _ ojaxi. _ qalis mdgomareoba .......27
gazrda. gazrdili. gamzrdeli ................................................34
colis SerTvis wesi afxazeTSi................................................40
micvalebulis datireba ...........................................................46
religiuri rwmenani afxazTa ..................................................56
religia afxazTa.-micvalebulTa sulni._
mzakvarni._WeSmariti RmerTi._misi afxazuri
saxelwodeba anca [ancva]._etimologia da mniSvneloba am
sityvisa._ warmarToba._`gamCen-gamomWedelni~ .............56
salocavebi ....................................................................................68
dedamiwis salocavi ....................................................................70
wylis salocavi ............................................................................72
cisartyelas salocavi ..............................................................74
qaris salocavi (fSarnha) [fSarnihva] ...................................75
xis salocavi .................................................................................75
sagareo salocavi (adnya) [advniya] .........................................76
aJaharas salocavi .......................................................................77
Wapu ..................................................................................................77
Jabranis [Jvabranis] salocavi .................................................78
xozos daWera (axvaJkra) [axvaJvkira] ....................................79
futkris salocavi .....................................................................81
mjaT .................................................................................................81
qfaT oqvnaS ...................................................................................82
kidev saqonlis salocavebi ......................................................82
ananha [ananhva] ...............................................................................83
sadambadeblo `aSacanha~ [aSacanuhva] ...................................84
Tmaze salocavi ............................................................................84
yuris salocavi ............................................................................85
saRmrTo da zeviTuri, anu mexis salocavi ..........................85
mWedlisa da samWedlos mniSvneloba afxazebSi ................90
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