1 1: inter-act, 13 th edition orientation orientation

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1: Inter-Act, 131: Inter-Act, 13thth Edition Edition

OrientationOrientation OrientationOrientation

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Interpersonal Interpersonal CommunicationCommunication

The complex process through which people express, interpret, and

coordinate messages in order to create shared meaning, meet social goals,

manage personal identity, and carry out relationships

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Purposes of Interpersonal Purposes of Interpersonal CommunicationCommunication

• Share meaning

• Meet social goals

• Manage our personal identity

• Conduct our relationships

Interpersonal Interpersonal Communication ProcessCommunication Process

• Process: Process: systematic series of actions that leads to an outcome

• Message production: Message production: actions you perform to send a message

• Message interpretation: Message interpretation: activities performed to understand intended meaning

• Interaction coordination: Interaction coordination: activities performed to adjust behavior to partner

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Message Message – a performance that uses words, sentences, and/or nonverbal behaviors to convey the thoughts, feelings, and intentions of the speaker

Canned Plan Canned Plan – mental library of scripts

Script Script – text that instructs you what to say in a specific situation

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The Communication Setting The Communication Setting

• Physical Context – where communication takes place, the environment, the distance between participants, seating, time of day

• Social Context – the nature of the relationship • Historical Context – the background of

previous communication• Psychological Context – moods & feelings• Cultural Context – beliefs, values, attitudes,

meanings, social hierarchies, religion, notion of time, and roles of the participants

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• External noise – the sights, sounds, and other stimuli that draw people’s attention away from intended meaning

• Internal noise – the thoughts and feelings that interfere with meaning

• Semantic noise – distractions caused by the speaker’s words that interfere with meaning

Noise

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Social Media ContextSocial Media Context

• Social Media: technologies that facilitate communication and interaction

• Digital communication: electronic transmission of digitally encoded information

Social NetworkSocial Network

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Traits of Social Media TechnologyTraits of Social Media Technology

• Facilitates social interactivity

• Takes time to send and receive messages (temporal structure)

• Lacks social cues

• Can be stored and replicated

• Potentially reaches a large audience

• Allows mobility

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Principles of Interpersonal Principles of Interpersonal CommunicationCommunication

• Is continuous

• Is transactional

• Is irreversible

• Is situated

• Is indexical

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Communication Is Communication Is ContinuousContinuous

• Interpersonal communication can be verbal or nonverbal. Therefore, we are always sending messages to others—whether we are aware of it or not!

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Communication Is Communication Is TransactionalTransactional

• Each person gives and receives messages, feedback.

• Each person gets needs met and helps others satisfy needs.

• Each person is changed with each interaction.

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Communication Is Communication Is IrreversibleIrreversible

Once an exchange has taken place, we can never ignore it, take it back, or pretend it did not occur.

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Communication Is SituatedCommunication Is Situated

• All communication occurs within a communication setting.

• Setting affects how messages are produced, interpreted, and coordinated.

• Meaning is dependent upon the situation.

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Communication Is IndexicalCommunication Is Indexical

• Index (or measure) of the emotional temperature of a relationship

• Trust: the extent to which partners rely on, depend on, and have faith that their partner will not intentionally harm them

• Control: the extent to which each person has power or is “in charge” of the relationship

• Intimacy: degree of emotional closeness, acceptance, and disclosure

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Ethics of Interpersonal Ethics of Interpersonal CommunicationCommunication

“A set of moral principles held by a society, a group, or individual”

1. Truthfulness and honesty2. Integrity3. Fairness4. Respect5. Responsibility6. Empathy

The Dark SideThe Dark Side

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Bright SideBright SideEthical

Appropriate

Hard Dark SideHard Dark SideEthical

Inappropriate

Evil Dark SideEvil Dark SideUnethical

Inappropriate

Easy Dark SideEasy Dark SideUnethical

Appropriate

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Diversity – Diversity – variations between and among people

• Culture

• Sex

• Age

• Class

• Physical characteristics

• Sexual orientation

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Culture Culture – systems of knowledgeshared by a relatively large groupof people

Culture is a critical concept to communication because “every communicator is a product of his or her culture.”

-Anderson 2000

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Communication Communication CompetenceCompetence

• Increasing communication knowledge

• Increasing communication skills

• Increasing communication motivation

Competence is the impression that communicative behavior is botheffective and appropriate.

Competence can be enhanced by:

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Developing Developing Competence KnowledgeCompetence Knowledge

1. Acquire interpersonal communication knowledge

• Effective messages

• Appropriate messages

2. Emotional Intelligence: ability to monitor your own and others’ emotions

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Developing Developing Competence SkillsCompetence Skills

• Micro communication skills: message templates, “lines”

• Communication skill scripts: mental texts that include micro communication skills

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Developing Competence Developing Competence Motivation Motivation

• Unlearn old ineffective scripts.

• Learn new scripts.

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Behavioral FlexibilityBehavioral Flexibility

1. Make a prediction about appropriate communication.

2. Enact that type of communication.

3. Pay attention to reactions.

4. Either change communication or not.

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Writing Communication Writing Communication Improvement PlansImprovement Plans

• State the problem.

• State the specific goal.

• Outline procedure for reaching the goal.

• Devise a method of determining when

the goal has been reached.