1045_ramasami decade of innovations
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Indian Science and
Technology
In the Decade of Innovations
T.Ramasami, Secretary, DST
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IndiaIn 2009
Poised for transformational change
Registering robust GDP growth in difficult times
Indian youth demonstrate growth aspirationsNeeds investments into Demographic dividend
Education and Skill development receive priority
Large number of new institutions established
Science and Technology enter the main stage indevelopment process
Decade of Innovations is the stated agenda
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Changing Mindsets:Indian
social contextsAncient civilizations have come to accept that
Science in its wider definition should stem beyondunderstanding and discovery processes and include also
applications for solving social problemsIndia is coming to terms with the inclusion of
discovery, technology and innovation as part of her
science establishment.
Driving factors of modern science demand multiplestrategies
Discovery Science is scholarship driven Solution science is market and society driven Innovation is competition driven
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ChangingContextsofSocial
challengesofIndia
Between 1950-90 era
Economic realities; Foodshortage; Wide spread
poverty; Social
inequities; Low rates ofemployment; Weak
export trade and lack of
technology culture; Weak
industrial enterprise
Science deliveredsolutions for food and
milk shortages,
technology denials and
enabled self reliance
Between 1990-2030 era
Energy-, Environment-,water- and inland-
security, affordable
human health care,climate change are social
challenges seeking
science derived solutions
Competitive and worldeconomy and trade
impact the fundamentalsof scientific solutions
Flow of Solution scienceis global and wide
reaching
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Current Focus of Indian
Science and Technology
Preparing for an India of 2030
Challenge of Indian Science,
Technology and Innovationsystem
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AnatomyofIndian Science, Technology
andInnovationsystemineight parts
R&D in NGO
groups
R&D by MNCs
Industrial R&D
systems Mission modeNon strategic R&D
Bodies
CSIR
Academic/
Sector
Focused on
education
Government
Funding
& developmental
agencies
Mission mode
StrategicAgencies
DAE,DOS,
DRDO
Indian STI
system
Socio economic
Ministries as users
ofS&T outputs
Some what thinly spread but rooted in all dimensions ofSTI system
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Current Statusofeight-part
Indian STIsystem
1. Mission mode Agencies Focused on self reliance, under transition in the era of
techno-globalism
2. Government Agencies
Focused on the balancing in the art of funding anddevelopmental roles in scholarship focused science, marketdriven technology and competition linked innovationsystem
3. Academic sector
Challenged by need to expand many fold without dilutionsof excellence and loss of focus on research4. Socio economic ministries seeking solutions from
science Challenged by mis-matched rates of scientific development
and societal absorption of global solutions
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Current StatusofIndian STI
system
5. Mission mode R&D in non strategic sector Transition from command economy models to dynamic
global competition in a weak technology demandstatus
6. Industrial R&D systems Lower levels of private sector investment into R&D and
challenges of enhancing value addition to rawmaterials through innovation driven manufacturing
7. R&D by MNCs Taking advantage of low expertise costs for IPgeneration for global use
8. R&D by NGOs Sustaining high manpower costs and R&D
infrastructure in a largely public funded R&D landscape
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Q1:What is Relative Positionof India inthe world of
Science?
Q2: Could we quantify and enhance
the share of Indian science and
technology in the share ofeconomic growth?
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GERD Vs SCI papers correlationsin World
ofScience
0
0
00
0
200
2 0
300
3 0
400
0 00 200 300
SCI paper
U
SAJAPan
GE
rmsny
UK
China
India
Investments in R&D in US $ billion per year
SCIpapersinthousands
USA, Germany,UK, Japan,China, France,Canada, Italy,Holland,
Australia, Korea,Russia and India
Line of maximum slope
A feasible near term
target for India
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GERD Vs SCI PapersCorrelationsin World
ofScience
0
0
20
30
40
0
60
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0 0 00 0
SCI paper
India
Investments in R&D in US $ billion per year in
2003
SCIpa
persinth
ousands
Japan, China,
Korea, India
Line of maximum slope
Korea
China
Japan
Dollar
productivity inIndia is high; butquantum is low.
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Decisions were madetotriplethe investments into
S&T
For the period 2007-2012
relative to 2002-07
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Good news is that citation frequency has
doubled during the last few years
Slope change is morethan five times
Scopus data base
Science, 1 May
2009
Indias performance at Scientific Publication
front
India
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India
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Patents Filed (Number)
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2007
-08
Patents Filed
(Number)
0
2 0 0 0
4 0 0 0
6 0 0 0
8 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
1 2 0 0 0
1 4 0 0 0
1 6 0 0 0
1 8 0 0 0
200 0
-01
200 1
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Patenting trends in India
P a t e n t s gr a n t e d
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Indianfutureopportunitiesin comparisonto
otherdeveloped & emergingnations
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India
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India
Basedondifferential growth rates ofpublications,Indian rankcangraduallyimprove
from the current10th to,9th,8th,5th positions in2010,2013,2015, respectivelyif all
growth parameters are maintained as such
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China
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ComparisonsofPhDoutputs
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2000
4000
6000
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10000
12000
14000
16000
85
89
93
97 1 3 5
ChinaIndia
Japan
Korea
Lessons from China:6-7years afterPhDoutputs yieldpublicationoutcome.
Indiamay need toincreasePhDoutputs tosay 10,000within4years
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PhDvs publicationsonetoone
correspondance
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Series1
Chi na
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Series1
India
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Higherresource investments
Have started yielding some initial results forthe country.
Expansion of the R&D base is essential togain global competitiveness
Increase in PhD output with matchingincrease in absorption capacity in STI systemis the way forward
Increase PhD outputs to say 10,000 per yearwithin four years is planned?
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Innovation in ScientificPursuit for Inspired Research(INSPIRE)
announced by the Prime Minister on 3
rd
January2008 and launched on 13th December, 2008
Focused on developing a S&T landscape
Nourishing the root of scholarship driven science
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A COMPREHENSIVE EFFORT FOR ATTRACTION OF TALENT TO
SCIENCE INSPIRE -SCHEME LAUNCHED ON 13 DECEMBER 08
INSPIREAWARDEES
2 LAKHS/YR
CLASS VI-X
INSPIRE INTERNS
~50,000
SUMMER CAMPS100
Locations; class XI
SHE SCHOLARS
10,000/YR
BSc/MSc
INSPIRE FELLOWS1000/YR
PhD
INSPIRE FACULTY
1000/YRPOSTDOCTORAL
NET/ GATEETC
UNIVERSITY
RANK 25: 5
PROJECT
BASED PEER
SELECTION
2 YRSDURING XI
PLAN
JEE/AIEEE/ exam
based criteria etcTop 1% criteria
25: 5
Based on international and national
peer reviewing system similar to
the one adopted by IISc and
centers of higher learning
Effort will be made to cover all 4 lakh schools with at least
2 students during the five year implementation
Effort to cover alltop1% at class X
Effort to
attract STIOs
PPP EFFORT FOR
APPLIEDAREASPROGRAMME
ANNOUNCED BY
PRIME MINISTER
IN 95TH
CONGRESS ON 3rdJAN 07 AND
LAUNCHED ON
13 DECEMBER 08
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Science, Technology andInnovation System of
India
Selecting S&T output
indicators
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Science, TechnologyandInnovationoutput
indicators:Emergingglobalscenario
Science is scholarship driven
Indicators of competitive performance Number of SCI publications, Impact factors of journals,
citations, H and M-indices, Number in top 1% of impact
journals, global recognitions, patents, IPR gained andcommercialized, royalty accrued
Technology is market driven
Indicators of competitive performance Percentage share of technology in GDP growth rates and
export trade, Percentage share of industrial investment intoR&D, technology solutions for basic needs
Innovation is competition driven
Indicators of competitive performance Quantitative tools for competitive innovation indices have
emerged
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Sector Indias relative position
Scholarship
driven
science
Good return for dollar and people invested. Relative
position does not match talent pool on account of low
investments and poor absorption capacity. Comparative
position is improvingMarket
driven
Technology
Value addition to Indian raw materials through
technology in competitive trade is lower than optimum.
Stronger coupling between technology and trade is
desired
Competition
driven
innovation
Innovation eco system is relatively weak on account of
mismatch of development and absorption and poor risk
bearing capacity in the manufacturing systems.
Innovation ecosystem needs re-designing
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Global norms forMeasurementsand Assessment of Scientific
Outputs
ForTransparency and
Accountability to the country
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AnIllustrationofevidencebaseddecisionforS&T
interventioninnationbuilding
Potential: Turn over of trade; Balance of trade, etc
S&T
Performance
IFagg;
IPR growth
Ability to add
values to RMthroughtechnology
Technologystrength
Trade advantages
Area forPlanned S&TInterventions
Drug and Pharma, biotech, Telecom, Automotive, textile, IT sectors
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SOCIALCONTRACT OF
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
In Nation Building: Food, nutrition, energy,water, environmental, health security
Making innovations affordable and
accessible to many by breaking new pathsto innovation
Balancing between discovery and solution science priorities
are under discussion
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GlobalSolutionsforWaterchallenges:
DirectiveoftheSupremeCourt
Selecting 25 water relatedchallenges
Selecting and locating sitesfor different challenges
Tender for solution providersfor 10,000 people
Select solution providers andtask them prove technologies
Study solutions for viabilityScale solutions for 100,000
people in the same river basin
Study site neutrality by testingSolutions in other sites
Transfer the successful solutionsTo the Water ResourcesMinistry for replication
Build synergies with line ministries withfunds and reach from the very beginning
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FourpartApproachto
Innovations
New Millennium IndianTechnology LeadershipInitiative PPP model for global
referencing
Venture fund support system Technology Development
Board equity participationmodel
Grass Root Innovation National Innovation Foundation
involving 2,50,000 grass rootinnovators
National Innovation Project For global bench marking and
alliances
Cotton
Stripper from
grass root
innovation
Health care
productsfrom formal
innovation
system
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InvestingintoInnovations:Indias
lessons
Inherent creativity and
Capacity to Innovate
Innovation as side product
of personal passions largelySupported by pubic funds
Innovation infrastructure
Through planned and
Strategic interventions
Public-Private Partnerships
Innovation for global competition for
High growth economies with large
Social security system and high
per capita nations
Private sector driven and public
sector facilitation
Integrated infrastructure for people
Centric innovation landscape toInclude the excluded through techno
Social innovations that serve the
Needs of 4 billion global citizens
Passion driven pursuit Purpose driven pursuit
Competition driven pursuitPeople centric pursuit
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Designing Science,Technology and Innovation
ecosystem
To meet the challenges of faster and moreinclusive growth by balancing between
Open Source and Competitive innovations
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IndianSTIsystemis currently
engagedin
A well debated National Science, Technology andInnovation policy
Sustained attraction of talent to study of science andcareers with research
Right sizing of Science, Technology and InnovationsystemPolicies to promote larger engagement of privatesector in research, development and assimilation oftechnologies and innovations
Optimally designed national Innovation eco system
with risk capital for the industry to venture into leapfrog innovations
Alignment of R&D systems to address globalcompetitiveness and solution science to solvesocially relevant problems including adverse effectsof global climate change
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India is a happening
country today. Youngtalented Indians, millions
in numbers, aspire to
scale new heights. India
2030 could reap thebenefits of Decade of
Innovations
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What Indiaset aboutto doin Science and
Technologysector
Towards an era of
transformational change
2007-2012
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Eleventh planS&T (2007-12)
agenda
Setting up National -level Mechanism for providing
directions to basic Research
New Bill passed
Enlarging pool of scientific manpower
Several initiatives mounted
Attraction and retaining young people in careers in
science
New programme launched
National Flagship programmes for technologicalcompetitiveness on a Mission mode
Mission mode S&T mounted
Establishing globally competitive Research Facilities
Investments enlarged
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Eleventh planS&T (2007-12)
agenda
Innovative spirit to translate R&D leads in scalebleInnovative spirit to translate R&D leads in scaleble
technologiestechnologies
Innovation law, national Innovation fund proposedInnovation law, national Innovation fund proposed
Developing new models of PPP in higher education,Developing new models of PPP in higher education,particularly in universities and high technology areasparticularly in universities and high technology areas
An active area ofcurrent actionAn active area ofcurrent action
New means ofcatalyzing industryNew means ofcatalyzing industry--academy collaborationsacademy collaborations
Some new translational models under implementationSome new translational models under implementationPromoting strong linkages with advanced countriesPromoting strong linkages with advanced countries
including participation in mega scienceincluding participation in mega science
International S&Tcooperation scaled up many foldInternational S&Tcooperation scaled up many fold
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CouplingbetweenEMRfunding
and publicationoutputsofIndia
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1995 2000 2005 2010
P K
SERC f c
Fund deployment trends
in EMR
top related