22 pidgins and creoles

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Pidgins and creoles

Popular terms:PidginCreolePatois [patwa]

Uneducated EnglishNative dialect, etc.

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http://www.etymonline.com

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http://www.etymonline.com

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Pidgins and creoles

Linguistic usage:Pidgin: a contact language betweenadults with different first languagesCreole: a second-generationlanguage spoken by children whogrow up in a pidgin community.

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Pidgins and creoles

Pidgin: contact language betweenadults with different first languages

Audio clip from Margaret Johnson, BAthesis on Kárahnjúkar (see next slide for text)

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A : We no talk speak Mario drill outside.B: Marius tried to call you in the phone. No connection.

Zero. A : A ha. Two zero yes.B: Yes. Marius needs to speak to you. A : A ha. No you speak (oh) zero..B. So that Marius asked you to please go outside A : A haB: because A : A ha yes ah, Marius ask me, OK. Marius kom.B: Yes. Call - phone. A : Mhm. De Marius, de Marius kom.B: No, no kom. A : No?B: Speak in phone. A : A ha.

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Margaret Jónsson, 2007. Contact Languages: Kárahnjúkar . B A essay

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Pidgins and creoles

Grammatical and syntactical similarity of creoles.

Theories of origin:µForeigner-talk¶ theoryMonogenetic theoryPolygenetic theory

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Pidgins and creolesµForeigner-talk¶ theory

Masta

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Pidgins and creoles

Monogenetic theory:(this is the theory mentioned by Wells 7.1.2.,p. 562. See also Todd.)

The original Mediterranean creole Sabir, i.e. proto-Creole, was relexified by Portuguese, later by French,English, Dutch etc.

Sabir

Portuguesepidgin

Englishpidgin

Frenchpidgin

Dutchpidgin

means "relexified to"

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Pidgins and creoles

First language acquisition:Where there is a fully developed

language available to children, theywill acquire it.First languages are not aquired bycopying, but by re-creation from keyfeatures

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Pidgins and creoles

Where there is not a fully developedlanguage available for children, they

create their own

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Pidgins and creoles

pidginsmall vocabulary

lack of stable grammar creole

grammar and vocabulary becomeelaboratedgrammar develops µrules¶ ± nativespeakers

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Pidgins and creoles

Thus we assume that unorganized vocabulary will organise (creolize) itself into language with generation renewal.Call this the polygenetic theory of pidgin/creole origin

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Pidgins and creolesPolygenetic theory

Masta

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Pidgins and creoles

Why is the vocabulary taken from theMasta language rather than one of the

vernaculars?1. Prestige - the masta's language has p ower , centrality.

2. The masta's language is always present3. The masta's language is equally alien to

all vernaculars; it is the only languagethat none of the slaves speaks.

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Creolization:

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Pidgins and creoles

Children of Turkish immigrants in Hamborg inthe 60s-70s did not create a creole out of their parent's immigrant-pidgin. Why not?

But children of the slaves who worked oncotton planatations in the southern States hadno access to standard English and sodeveloped ('creolized') their own languageusing their parents' pidgin.

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Post-creolecontinuum(Jamaica)

Acrolect

Mesolect

Basilect

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D ecreolization(Jamaica)

Acrolect

Mesolect

Basilect

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N ocontinuum:diglossic(Surinam)

AcrolectD utch

Basilect:Sranan Tongo

(one of many languages)

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N ocontinuum:diglossic(Haiti)

AcrolectFrench

Basilect:Haitian Creole:

Kreyòl ayisyen

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A lsop 1958, see Bickerton Dymanics (9)

Guyanan Creole:

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Surinam:Fred ben de a tweede boi fu en mama. A ben tapu siksi yari kba. En bigi brada bennem Emil. Wan dei di a ben waka na strati,a ben si wan swarfudosu. A skopu enwantu meter moro fara. A waka moro faraèn a skopu a dosu baka. Dan a yere wansten taki: "Teki a dosu." A teki a dosu èn aluku na ini. Dri dala ben de na ini. Fred no

ben sabi omeni moni ben de ini a dosu. Soa waka langalanga go na oso.http://www.sil.org/americas/suriname/sranan/English/SrananEngLLIndex.html

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http://courses.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg449/12feature.html

http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~patrickp/Shots.html

http://www.wazobiafm.com

http://www.wazobiafm.com/stream.html

stream:

http://radiotime.com/WebTuner.aspx?StationId=109503&

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http://www.wazobiafm.com

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http://www.wazobiafm.com

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http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/tokpisin/

http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/flash/listen/otherLanguages_Tok.htm

decreolisation / relixification and phrases from English:http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/flash/listen/podcasts_Tok.htmYut forum ± first programme

http://www.wazobiafm.com/lagos951/# from 7:00

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http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/tokpisin/news/stories/201101/s3121740.htm

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Wikipedia:Nicaraguan Sign Language

video athttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/libr ary/07/2/l_072_04.html

nativism vs. cultural learning

Google Michael Tomasello

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