6 th grade ela- grammar. definition: a noun is the name of a person, place, thing, or idea ...

CRCT REVIEW6th grade ELA- Grammar

NOUNS Definition: A noun is the name of a

person, place, thing, or idea Anything you can see, touch, smell,

taste, or hear is a noun. Types of nouns: Proper, Common,

Singular, Plural, Collective, Abstract, Possessive

NOUNS ACTIVITY Fold a sheet of paper like a hamburger,

then like a hotdog. Label your four squares.

For each category, make a list of 10 nouns that fit the description

People at (school name)

Places in (town/city/county)

Things I see daily Ideas I use at (school name)

COMMON AND PROPER NOUNS A proper noun, which names a specific

person, place, or thing is almost always capitalized.

Common nouns name everything else, things that usually are not capitalized.

COMMON/PROPER NOUNS ACTIVITY Fold a sheet of paper like a hotdog.

For each category, list 20 nouns that fit the description

Proper nouns I see each day

Common nouns I see each day

SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNS A singular noun is used to describe a

single noun. Anytime you have one of something, it is singular.

A plural noun is changed to indicate more than one of something.

RULES FOR PLURAL NOUNS The plural form of most nouns is created

simply by adding the letter smore than one snake = snakes

Words that end in -ch, x, s or s-like sounds, however, will require an -es for the pluralmore than one witch = witches more than one box = boxesmore than one gas = gases

RULES FOR PLURAL NOUNS There are several nouns that have

irregular plural formsmore than one mouse = mice more than one child = children more than one man = men more than one person = people more than one goose = geese

RULES FOR PLURAL NOUNS Plurals of words that end in -f or -fe

usually change the f sound to a v sound and add s or –esmore than one knife = knives more than one leaf = leaves

With words that end in a consonant and a y, you'll need to change the y to an i and add esmore than one baby = babies

PLURAL/SINGULAR NOUNS ACTIVITY Fold a sheet of paper like a hotdog.

Look around the classroom and list twenty for each.

Plural nouns I see Singular nouns I see

ABSTRACT NOUNS Abstract nouns are kind of word that is

not tangible, such as warmth, justice, grief, and peace. You cannot see, feel, touch, smell, or hear an abstract noun. These are the nouns that fit into the category of “Idea.”

ABSTRACT NOUNS ACTIVITY Make a list of abstract nouns that you

use each day (feelings, personal characteristics, ideas)

Example: I use my motivation to get up on time each day. Motivation is an abstract noun.

COLLECTIVE NOUNS Collective nouns are singular nouns

but refer to a group or more than one of something

Examples: Audience band class

crowd dozen familyflockgroup heap herdjurykind lot number publicstaff team

COLLECTIVE NOUNS ACTIVITY Make a list of collective nouns you are

part of each day.

Example: I am a teacher, so I am part of the faculty and staff.

POSSESSIVE NOUNS Possessive nouns show ownership by

adding an apostrophe and an SBob’s shoe=the shoe that belongs to Bob

When a word ends with an S, add an apostrophe BUT no SThe Smiths’ new carThe Tigers’ new stadium

POSSESSIVE NOUNS ACTIVITY Fold a sheet of paper like a hotdog.

Create a list of 20 nouns that fit the description

Possessive nouns at school

Possessive nouns at home

PRONOUNS Pronouns refer to a noun already

mentioned earlier in the sentence or paragraph

Pronouns REPLACE nouns The Noun that a pronoun replaces is

called the AntecendentBob wanted to get on the boat[NOUN] but

it[PRONOUN] had already sailed. Boat is the antecedent because it is the NOUN

that the pronoun replaced

PRONOUNS/ANTECENDENTS ACTIVITY Write the sentences. Underline the

pronoun and circle the antecedent.1. Everyone at the party enjoyed their

evening.2. The car has a leak in its transmission.3. The cow twitched its tail at the fly.4. The audience clapped its hands.5. My aunt asked me to catch her dog.

RULES FOR POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS Possessive pronouns show ownership Possessive nouns usually have an

apostrophe, BUT: Possessive pronouns never need apostrophes. mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirsBob’s[NOUN] shoes were clean but

his[POSSESIVE PRONOUN] socks were not.

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS ACTIVITY Write the sentences. Underline the

possessive pronoun. Circle the word modified by the pronoun (this means- what is owned?)

1. Never take a nap with your pet rattlesnake.2. Oscar couldn’t find his purple slippers.3. My favorite poem was written over 150

years ago. 4. Their silence made us wonder what they

knew.5. Did mom remember to bring our

chopsticks?

INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS The interrogative pronouns introduce

questions. (Remember: Interrogative sentences end with question marks, so interrogative pronouns are part of interrogative sentences)

Examples: Who, Which, WhatWho[INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN] told Bob to

go to the store?

INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS ACTIVITY Write fifteen sentences using

interrogative pronouns. Circle the interrogative pronouns. [Topic suggestion: favorite restaurant and favorite food]

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS demonstratives can behave either as

pronouns or as determiners. Examples: this, that, these, those, such

Used as determiners (these will be adjectives) This[Determiner/Adjective: Which room? This

one] room is a mess!Used as Demonstrative Pronoun:

My books are neatly stack, but those [DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN] are not.

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS ACTIVITY Write fifteen sentences using

demonstrative pronouns. Circle the demonstrative pronouns. [Topic suggestion: things you see at the mall]

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS A reflexive pronoun "reflects" a noun or

pronoun by taking the place of its antecedent when the noun or pronoun is doing something to itself.

In English reflexive pronouns are formed just like intensive pronouns--by adding -self or -selves to the pronoun.

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS The only reflexive pronouns in modern

English are the following: myself, yourself, himself, herself,

itself, ourselves, yourselves, and themselves.

The words hisself and theirselves do not exist

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS ACTIVITY

Write the sentences and underline the reflexive pronoun.

1. I found myself without enough cash to pay the bill.2. The children invented a game for themselves to play.3. The chess club members raised the money themselves.4. The boys are going to get themselves clean.5. People need to free themselves from sugary sodas.

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS An indefinite pronoun refers to

something that is not definite or specific or exact. The indefinite pronouns are all, another, any, anybody, anyone, anything, each, everybody, everyone, everything, few, many, nobody, none, one, several, some, somebody, someone, These indefinite pronouns can also be used as indefinite adjectives in some cases.

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS ACTIVITY Write ten sentences using indefinite

pronouns. Circle the indefinite pronouns.

ADJECTIVES An adjective is any word that describes

a noun or pronoun. Adjectives can describe appearance, smell, taste, sound, texture, size, number, color, and any other detail about a noun or pronoun.

ADJECTIVES ACTIVITY Fold your paper like a hotdog then like a

hamburger. Label the four squares.

For each category, list 15 adjectives that describe the topic.

(School name) Summer

Spring

Yourself

COMMON ADJECTIVE A common adjective is an adjective that

is not written with a capital letter. Most adjectives are common- ones that are written with a capital letter are proper adjectives .

To remember this, think about common nouns. They are also not capitalized.

PROPER ADJECTIVES A proper adjective is an adjective that is

written with a capital letter. They often come from proper nouns: A Japanese camera- Japanese comes from the proper noun Japan.

COMMON/PROPER ADJECTIVES ACTIVITY Fold your paper like a hotdog.

For each category, list 20 adjectives.

Common Adjectives Proper Adjectives

DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES

Demonstrative adjectives (this, that, these, those) show whether the noun they refer to is singular or plural and whether it is located near to or far from the speaker or writer

VERBS Verbs are words that show action. There are lots of different types of

verbs. You can use verbs in different tenses to

show when it happened- past, present, future.

VERBS ACTIVITY write 10 verbs that you can do with

each body part:Head Hands Legs Feet ArmsEyes

TRANSITIVE VERBS Transitive verbs are action words. To

use a transitive verb correctly, you will always have a direct object in the sentence. The direct object is who or what RECIEVES the action.

Sylvia kicked Juan under the table. Kicked = transitive verb; Juan = direct

object. What’s the action? The kick Who receives it? Juan

INTRANSITIVE VERBS An intransitive verb is also an action

verb. It does not have a direct object, though, which means that nobody or nothing receives the action.

Huffing and puffing, we arrived at the classroom door with only seven seconds to spare.

The intransitive verb= arrived

TRANSITIVE VS. INTRANSITIVE ACTIVITY

Write the sentences. Determine if the verbs in the following sentences are transitive orintransitive. Write T for Transitive, I for Intransitive. If transitive, circle the object of the verb

1. The birdcage swung from a golden chain. 2. Margaret angrily crumpled her letter in her

fist. 3. Someone answered that question. 4. He shuddered with fright during the scary

part of the movie. 5. The rats chewed their way into the old

house.

LINKING VERBS Linking verbs do not show action. They connect

the subject to other words and tell that the subject is, was, or will be.

Examples: am, are, is, was, were, be, being, been, becomes, became

When you have a linking verb, you will also have a predicate nominative. This is a word that renames the subject.

George Washington became the first president.Subject linking verb PN

Does George Washington =first president? That’s how you know it’s a predicate nominative.

LINKING VERBS/PREDICATE NOMINATIVE ACTIVITYWrite the sentences, circle the linking verb, underline the predicate nominative. (remember: the PN renames the subject) 1. I am a teacher. 2. That book is very interesting. 3. My hand felt sore after the exam.4. Our bananas are rotten. 5. Those kids are being noisy.

STATE-OF-BEING VERBS State-of-being verbs can be the main

verb of the sentence: Sally is my best friend.

Or a state-of-being verb can be used as a helping verb: She is going on a vacation.

Note that the verbs: be, being, and been always NEED a helping verb: Pat has been sick all week

Is, am, were, was, are, be, being, been

VERB PHRASE, MAIN VERBS Definition: A verb phrase is a group of

related words that contains one or more helping verbs and a main verb.  For example....

Jim has been working on his science project.The verb phrase is has been working.  Has and been are the helping verbs, and working is the main verb

The main verbs tell the action and the other verbs may be helping or linking verbs

VERB PHRASES/MAIN VERBS ACTIVITY Underline every word that is part of the

verb phrase. Circle the main verb.1.  Will you buy me a drink?2.  Sam is not going to the dance.3.  Al should have mowed the lawn today.4.  Theresa will be playing her clarinet at the concert tonight.5.  Rosie could have worked on that project today.

VERB PHRASES, HELPING VERBS Helping verbs appear with other verbs

(the main verbs) and help explain the tense, or when the verb happened.

Examples: am as are was were been be can has shall will do does did have should may might being would must could had 

Bob should have known the answerShould: helping known: main verbHave: helping

HELPING VERBS ACTIVITY Write the sentences. Circle the helping

verbs. 1. She is teaching us about blood cells this week

2. Jared couldn't find his backpack.

3. Polly should win the contest

4. The museum will open tomorrow.

5. I may not attend the karate class.