8 6. structure and function of plant organs

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

Chapter 6Structure and

Function of Plant Organs

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

Plants Organs

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

RootRoot Structure1. Morphology

Devided 2 types;Monocotyledon such as Corn, Sugarcane,

Coconut, their root type are fibrous root.Dicotyledon such as Mango and Chilies,

their root type are tap root.Root can find the water in the soil, with

the protector named Calyptras.

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

Fibrous root Tap root

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

2. AnatomyRoot divided into 3 parts ;

a. Region of Maturation

b. Region of Elongation

c. Apical Meristem

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

Parts of the Root

•Epidermis •Cortex•Endodermis•Stele

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

Function of RootThe main function is to absorb water and

minerals which is dissolved inside from the soil

To straighten the plantAs the food storage in certain plants such as:

Cassava, CarrotsAs vegetative reproduction organ, ex. spruceAs respiration organ in Mangrove

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

Stem• Stem was from a

part of embryo in the seed.

• Commonly, stem are heading up from the soil to the air.

• As long as their growth period.

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

Structure of Stem1. Morphology• Hard• In young stem, there

are some clorophile so they can do the photosynthesis

• There are some small dots in certain parts of stem, called Lenticels

• Monocotyledon and Dicotyl difference in branching of the stem

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

Dicotyl stem Monocotyl stem

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

2. AnatomyHave similarities with root ;

EpidermisCortexEndodermisStele

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

Factors of Differentiation

Dicotyl Stem

Monocotyl Stem

Place of the Veins

In Order Spread

Cambium There is for secondary growing

No

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

Function of Stem

• As the way to deliver water, mineral, and photosynthesis results

• As the place to attach the leaves

• As respiration system in Lenticels

• To direct the leaves to light source such as Phototropic activity

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

• In certain plants stem used for a special purpose such as:

As the food storage such as Sagoo, Sugarcane

As water storage such as Cactus

As reproduction system such as Tapioca Tree

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

Leaves

• Leaves was from a part of embryo in the seed which is cotyledon

• The green color came from the chlorophyll

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

Structure of Leaves1. Morphology• Consist of leaf midrib,

petiole, leaf blade• A complete leaf can be

founded in areca nut leaves• There are so many forms of

leaves• Circular• Oval• Shield-Shaped• Ribbon-Shaped

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

Anatomy of Leaves• Cuticle Layer• Upper

epidermis• Mesophyll• Vascular

bundles• Lower

epidermis

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

Leaf in Photosynthesis Activity• Usually the water was

extracted through 2 ways:• Vaporization through

process of transpiration• Water molecules through

process of • Transpiration through

stomata• Stomata came from Greek

language meaning mouth, stomata is the plural version of stoma

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

About Stomata• Usually Stomata was placed

in epidermis layer of leaf wherever lower or upper layer

• Stoma consist 2 closing cells/ guarding cells/ cell protector shape like liver and had many chlorophyll

• There are little amount of closing cells than the total of epidermis cells in the layer

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

Function of Leaf• As we know, leaf act

as the place for the Photosynthesis

• The chlorophyll in the leaf was one of the required component for the process of Photosynthesis

• Also as Transpiration and Respiration

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

Transpiration• The vaporization of the water

through stomata, cuticle layer, and lenticels

• The truth is, transpiration happen in all parts of the plant, but the biggest transpiration process is in leaf

• Why in leaf? Because leaves layer are the widest surface between the others

• Transpiration in day times are much more through stomata

• In night, through cuticle

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

Flower• Flower is a

reproduction organ in the plants generatively in Angiosperm plants

• In Gymnosperm plants, it called strobilus

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

Fruits

Parts of Fruit Epicarp as the outer

layer of fruit Mesocarp as middle

layer which is thick part of fruit

Endocarp the inner layer of fruit

Seed as the core of the fruit

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

Types of Fruit

• ‘Real Fruit’ such as Papaya, mango, and durian.

• ‘Artificial Fruit’ such as Jackfruit, apple, and pineapples.

• ‘Simple Fruit’ such as tomato and soya bean.

• ‘Double Fruit’ such as Strawberries.

• ‘Compound Fruit’ such as Pineapples.

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

Function of Fruit

• As the food storage• To radiate the plants• To attract the bird to eat them along the hard

seed• Then bird’s feces made a new individual seed• Then the seed grow as a new plant

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

Seed• Part of the plant made

from the results of fertilization

• Which is placed in the ovaries

• In the ovaries, there are ovules

• In the ovules.. There are also the embryo as the candidate of new individual plant

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH

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