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A Divided Nation:
The Civil War
What To Expect
Learning Stations Activities
Group Activities
Computer Lab
Cooperative Learning Opportunities
Primary Source Activities
DBQ
PowerPoint with Discussion
Unit Assessment
What I KnowAbout the Civil War
What I Learned About the Civil War
What I Want to Learn About the Civil War
K-W-L The Civil War - TTYN
The Precursor: Westward Expansion
Sectional Conflict - - Very Real and Very Important
Each section wanted expansion
Each wanted new states to be created in its own
image
Senate Balance
Economic Motives
Merchants and Industrialists of Northeast wanted an
expanding market
Free states proved to be a much better market for
their products
The Precursor: Westward Expansion
Economic Motives
Southern Planters wanted new plantations
Why? Soil on the old plantations no longer viable
year after year of the same crop (poor crop rotation)
Start a new plantation, start over
Better economic opportunities through expansion
The Precursor: Westward Expansion
TTYN: Describe the term Manifest Destiny
Within this context (westward expansion), it was a
term/ideology promoted by politicians to win popular
support for expansionism
The Precursor: Westward Expansion and the effects of Manifest Destiny
The Precursor: Westward Expansion
The Opening of China
Opium Wars
America persuades the Chinese Emperor the same
concessions as that of Britain; gave birth to the idea of
enormous wealth as a result of trade w/ China
Led to the projecting of a railroad to the Pacific Coast
Each section wanted the RR to bring Chinese trade its
way
TTYN: How does Manifest Destiny fit into this
equation?
Oregon, Texas, and the Mexican War
Arrival of James Polk as a national figure
Southern Platform (and now Polk’s) – reoccupation of
Oregon and reannexation of Texas
North – “Fifty-four-forty or fight”
Eastern TX introduced cotton and plantation system
TX achieved independence in 1836
TX wanted annexation
“The war was unnecessarily and unconstitutionally
initiated by the President.”
Abraham Lincoln,
1848
Oregon, Texas, and the Mexican War
Polk negotiates with Britain for the Oregon Territory
Enter CA – Remember China and Manifest Destiny
1845 – TX annexed
Mexican War
The Gadsden Purchase
Small Group ity “The Gadsden Purchase”
Small Group Activity
See Learning Packet
The Wilmot Proviso
“ Neither slavery not involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said country”
– Wilmot Proviso
Lands acquired from Mex. (CA, NV, UT, AZ, and NM)
Passed in Congress
Defeated in Southern-dominated Senate
The issue of slavery in the territories would become
the defining issue in the years that followed
The Wilmot Proviso
“ Neither slavery not involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said country”
– Wilmot Proviso TTYN: Interpret the following quotes
“…the Wilmot Proviso is an unconstitutional act that would deny Southerners the right to move freely with
their property into commonly held American territory.”
- John Calhoun
“…while the Constitution protected slavery in the states where it already existed, we should never knowingly lend ourselves directly or indirectly, to
prevent that slavery from dying a natural death – to find new places for it to live in, when it can no longer
exist in the old.”- Abraham
Lincoln
Learning Activity: “Bleeding Kansas”
Learning Activity: “Bleeding Kansas”
Learning Stations: The Compromise’s
Learning Stations - Working cooperatively, each
group will rotate through the Compromises of the
Civil War
Each student will complete the Compromises of
the Civil War Learning Packet
What Did We Learn: The Compromises of the Civil War
The Missouri Compromise or the Compromise of 1820
Henry Clay
The “Great Conciliator”
The “Great Compromiser”
SEC. 8. And be it further enacted. That in all that territory ceded by France to the United States, under the name of Louisiana, which lies north of thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes north latitude, not included within the limits of the state, contemplated by this act, slavery and involuntary servitude, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes, whereof the parties shall have been duly convicted, shall be, and is hereby, forever prohibited: Provided always, That any person escaping into the same, from whom labour or service is lawfully claimed, in any state or territory of the United States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labour or service as aforesaid.
Missouri Compromise
What Did We Learn: The Compromises of the Civil War
The Missouri Compromise or the Compromise of 1820
What was going on…
Westward Expansion
The Industrial North vs. the Agrarian South
First crisis in the North-South sectionalism over the
admission of Missouri
Missouri –Slave State and Maine – Free State =
Balance
What Did We Learn: The Compromises of the Civil War
The Missouri Compromise or the Compromise of 1820
Why the Missouri Compromise was important…
What Did We Learn: The Compromises of the Civil War
The Missouri Compromise or the Compromise of 1820
Why the Missouri Compromise was important…
For the future, no other slave states should be
admitted in the Louisiana Purchase north of the
southern boundary of Missouri – the 36°30′
East of the line was room for two more slave states
and two free states
Would stabilize the senate
Compromise would become problematic when the
area west was suitable for settlement
Slave and Free Areas after the Missouri Compromise, 1820
“..the Missouri question aroused and filled me with alarm…I
have been among the most sanguine in believing that our
Union would be of long duration. I now doubt it much.”
letter to William Short, April 11, 1820
“…like a fire bell in the night, awakened and filled me with
terror. I considered it at once as the knell of the Union.”
letter to John Holmes, April 22, 1820
Thomas Jefferson’s Opinion
What Did We Learn: The Compromises of the Civil War
The Missouri Compromise or the Compromise of 1820
What Did We Learn: The Compromises of the Civil War
The Compromise of 1850
Compromise of 1850 is considered a turning point
Shifted the public emphasis from expansion to
preserving the Union
May be considered the first in a chain of events of the
1850’s that led up to the Civil War
Fugitive Slave law was bitterly opposed by many
throughout the North
South remains bitter over the loss of CA as slave state
because there was no place for another slave state
What Did We Learn: The Compromises of the Civil War
The Compromise of 1850
TTYN: Interpret the following quote
“I had never in my life up to this time suffered from the Slave
Institution. Slavery in Virginia or Carolina was like Slavery in
Africa or the Feejees, for me. There was an old fugitive law, but
it had become or was fast becoming a dead letter, and, by the
genius and laws of Massachusetts, inoperative. The new Bill
made it operative, required me to hunt slaves, and it found
citizens in Massachusetts willing to act as judges and captors.
Moreover, it discloses the secret of the new times, that Slavery
was no longer mendicant, but was become aggressive and
dangerous.” -Ralph Waldo Emerson
What Did We Learn: The Compromises of the Civil War
The Compromise of 1850
What Did We Learn: The Compromises of the Civil War
The Compromise of 1850
It being desirable, for the peace, concord, and harmony of the Union of these States, to settle and adjust amicably all existing questions of controversy between them arising out of the institution of slavery upon a fair, equitable and just basis: therefore,1. Resolved, That California, with suitable boundaries, ought, upon her application to be admitted as one of the States of this Union, without the imposition by Congress of any restriction in respect to the exclusion or introduction of slavery within those boundaries.2. Resolved, That as slavery does not exist by law, and is not likely to be introduced into any of the territory acquired by the United States from the republic of Mexico…8. Resolved, That Congress has no power to promote or obstruct the trade in slaves between the slaveholding States; but that the admission or exclusion of slaves brought from one into another of them depends exclusively upon their own particular laws.
What Did We Learn: The Compromises of the Civil War
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
The Kansas-Nebraska Bill of 1854 undid the Missouri
Compromise and the Compromise of 1850.
The tension between pro-slavery and free soil
factions over slavery in new territories increased
Stephen Douglas' bill left the Kansas territory open
to the rule of popular sovereignty.
What Did We Learn: The Compromises of the Civil War
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
In the political arena, arguments between the
Democratic Party, who supported popular sovereignty and
states' rights, and their opposition, the Whigs, heated up
and had lasting effects leading up to the outbreak of the
Civil War.
On the ground, fighting developed in "Bloody Kansas,"
such as John Brown's raid on Pottawattamie Creek
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
“one of the most effective pieces of political propaganda ever produced.”
- Salmon Chase
What I KnowAbout the Civil War
What I Learned About the Civil War
What I Want to Learn About the Civil War
K-W-L The Civil War - TTYN
Martyr or Terrorist?
Small Group Reading Activity
John Brown – Martyr or Terrorist
Read the two readings on John Brown
Working cooperatively, respond to the question at
the end of reading #2.
Present your remarks to class
***Refer to Notes Packet
Martyr Terrorist
Martyr or Terrorist?
John Brown’s RaidHarper’s Ferry, VA, October 1859
Martyr or Terrorist?
John Brown’s Raid
Martyr or Terrorist?
“I, John Brown, am
now quite certain
that the crimes of
this guilty land will
never be purged
away but with
blood.”
Martyr or Terrorist?
Dred Scott
7-2 decision ruled that blacks “are not included, and were not intended to be included, under the word ‘citizens’ in the Constitution.”
Scott had no standing in federal court
According to Taney, neither the Declaration of Independence nor the Constitution had been intended to apply to blacks.
“So far inferior that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect”
Dred Scott
In March of 1857, the United States Supreme Court,
led by Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, declared that all
blacks -- slaves as well as free -- were not and could
never become citizens of the United States.
The court also declared the 1820 Missouri
Compromise unconstitutional, thus permitting slavery
in all of the country's territories.
Taney - Congress had exceeded its authority when if
forbade slavery…for slaves were private property
protected by the Constitution.
Dred Scott
The case before the court was that of Dred Scott v.
Sanford. Dred Scott, a slave who had lived in the free
state of Illinois and the free territory of Wisconsin
before moving back to the slave state of Missouri, had
appealed to the Supreme Court in hopes of being
granted his freedom.
Taney -- a staunch supporter of slavery and intent on
protecting southerners from northern aggression --
wrote in the Court's majority opinion that, because
Scott was black, he was not a citizen and therefore had
no right to sue.
Dred Scott
Abolitionists were incensed. Although disappointed,
Frederick Douglass, found a bright side to the decision
and announced, "my hopes were never brighter than
now."
TTYN: Why would Douglas suggest such an idea?
For Douglass, the decision would bring slavery to
the attention of the nation and was a step toward
slavery's ultimate destruction.
Dred Scott
TTYN – The Declaration of Independence and the
Constitution, did Taney ignore the basic ideas of each?
Specifically, “all men are created equal.”
He believed that blacks "had no rights which the
white man was bound to respect; and that the negro
might justly and lawfully be reduced to slavery for
his benefit. He was bought and sold and treated as
an ordinary article of merchandise and traffic,
whenever profit could be made by it."
Dred ScottPublic Reaction
“It is no novelty to find the Supreme Court following the
lead of the Slavery Extension party, to which most of its
members belong. Five of the Judges are slaveholders, and
two of the other four owe their appointments to their facile
ingenuity in making State laws bend to Federal demands in
behalf of "the Southern institution.“
- Editorial in the Albany, New York, Evening Journal, 1857
Dred Scott
The Election of 1860
The Election of 1860
The presidential Election of 1860 brought these
conflicts to a head with dramatic consequences.
The Democratic Party split into three groups along
regional lines, each vying for control of the party and
each holding different ideas about how to deal with
slavery in the West.
Three camps lined up against Abraham Lincoln, the
nominee of the Republican Party, who advocated
that the West be free of slavery entirely.
The Election of 1860
Lincoln’s opponents were so deeply divided, he won
with less than forty percent of the popular vote (but
with fifty-nine percent of the Electoral College) and
without taking a single slave state.
Although Lincoln’s election was fair, it nonetheless
pushed the Deep South toward secession.
The Election of 1860
Lincoln – The Immediate Reason for Secession
Unpopular in the South
Perceived hostility towards slavery
Perceived threat to the institution
Truth – Lincoln was not an extreme abolitionist
Opposed further extension, but had no intention of
interfering with slavery where it existed
The election – The “straw that broke the camel’s
back”
Secession
South Carolina responded to Lincoln’s election first,
seceding from the Union on December 20, 1860.
This action made front-page news in the North two
days later when Harper’s Weekly featured portraits of
the state’s Congressmen on its cover, titled The
Seceding South Carolina Delegation.
Secession
Other slave states followed in short order:
Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and
Texas.
In early February, representatives of those states
gathered in Montgomery, Alabama, to found a new
nation, The Confederate States of America (also
known as the Confederacy), and to name its
president, Jefferson Davis of Mississippi.
Why Secession?
Southern Economic Interests
Long-range threat to the entire economic and
social structure of the South
No. Republicans pushing for a homestead law
Northern Railroad plans
High Tariffs
Sectional balance in the Senate
Secession: An opportunity to bring peace?
Many believed that secession would put the South into
a bargaining position to secure a constitutional
amendment to safeguard Southern interests.
“Better terms outside of the Union than in it”
Peace Convention
Seven Amendments presented
None were put forward
Secession would have to see it through
TTYN: Describe how each of the following three quotes explains the necessity to protect and preserve the Union.
Union in Peril
Document 1
“I consider the central idea pervading this struggle is
the necessity that is upon on, of proving that popular
government is not an absurdity. We must settle this
question now, whether in a free government the
minority have the right to break up the government
whenever they choose. If we fail it will go far to prove
the incapability of the people to govern themselves.”
Abraham Lincoln
Union in Peril Document 2
A Southern victory would give courage to the enemies of progress
and damp the spirits of its friends all over the civilized world.”John Stuart Mill
Document 3
“It is of infinite moment that you should properly estimate the
immense value of your national union to your collective and
individual happiness; that you should cherish a cordial, habitual,
and immovable attachment to it; accustoming yourselves to think
and speak of it as of the palladium of your political safety and
prosperity. The first dawning of every attempt to alienate any
portion of our country from the rest or to enfeeble the sacred ties
which now link together the various parts.”
George Washington
Document 1
“I consider the central idea pervading this struggle is the necessity that is upon on, of
proving that popular government is not an absurdity. We must settle this question
now, whether in a free government the minority have the right to break up the
government whenever they choose. If we fail it will go far to prove the incapability of
the people to govern themselves.”
Abraham LincolnDocument 2
A Southern victory would give courage to the enemies of progress and damp the spirits
of its friends all over the civilized world.”John Stuart Mill
Document 3
“It is of infinite moment that you should properly estimate the immense value of your
national union to your collective and individual happiness; that you should cherish a
cordial, habitual, and immovable attachment to it; accustoming yourselves to think
and speak of it as of the palladium of your political safety and prosperity. The first
dawning of every attempt to alienate any portion of our country from the rest or to
enfeeble the sacred ties which now link together the various parts.”
George Washington
Causes of the Civil War
Causes
The Civil War - the bloodiest conflict in American history. The
war pitted brother against brother, family against family, and
state against state. In less than a century after the 13 original
colonies celebrated their independence, the Civil War divided
the country along deep economic and ideological fault lines.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
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Economic and Social Differences between the North and the South
State versus federal rights
The Abolition Movement
The Election of 1860
Causes of the Civil War
Learning Activity: “Be a Gamer”
Learning Activity: “Be a Gamer”
“Be a Gamer” – What Did We Learn
Group Presentations
Civil War Facts
First Blood and a Touch of Irony
The first casualties of the war came on
April 19, 1861
TTYN: Can you recall another important
event in American History that also
occurred on April 19?
Civil War Facts
1/2 million+ people were
killed or wounded in the
Civil War
60 % of the fighting took
place in Virginia
“Be a Gamer” – What Did We Learn
Highlights & Review
Abolitionist Movement
Abolitionist were
people who wanted
to end slavery or get
rid of it.
Frederick Douglass
was a well-known
abolitionist.
“Power concedes nothing without a demand. It never did and it never will.”
Abolitionist Movement
Douglas believed that the election of a
Republican foretold a rupture in the
power of the slaveocracy.
TTYN: Interpret the following quote from Douglas
“It has taught the North its strength, and shown the
South its weakness. More important still, it has
demonstrated the possibility of electing, if not an
Abolitionist, at least an anti-slavery reputation.”
Abolitionist Movement
TTYN: Interpret the following quote from Douglas
“…before the foul and withering curse of slavery.
Some thought we had in Mr. Lincoln the nerve
Oliver Cromwell; but the results shows that we merely
have a continuation of the Pierces and Buchanan's.”
Abolitionist Movement: The Underground Railroad
Was a system
setup to help
slaves (African
Americans)
escape to the
Northern USA or
Canada.
Slaves hid in
barns and
houses
Nat Turner
Nat Turner lead a
rebellion against
plantation owners in
1831 and killed 60
people
Jefferson Davis
President for the
South during the
Civil War.
The South’s Capital
was Richmond,
Virginia
Stonewall Jackson
Between late 1860 and early 1861,
several Southern U.S. states declared
their independence and seceded from
the Union.
At first it was Jackson’s desire that
Virginia, then his home state, would
stay in the Union.
Virginia seceded in the spring of
1861, Jackson showed his support of
the Confederacy, choosing to side with
his state over the national
government.
Stonewall Jackson
He knew that the Valley was
the bread basket for the
South.
Edinburg produced the most
wheat.
Jackson only lost in the
Kenstown.
He didn’t use chairs because
he believed that standing
was good for you.
Robert E. Lee
West Point Grad Grad and former
Superintendent
Lincoln planned on offering Lee the highest
military position within the Union Army
No man proved a more worthy opponent
to Ulysses S. Grant than Confederate General
Robert E. Lee.
Supervised the preparation of coastal defenses
along the South Atlantic seaboard before being
called to Richmond to serve as military advisor
to President Jefferson Davis.
Robert E. Lee
TTYN: Interpret the following quotes
from Robert E. Lee
“…I look upon secession as anarchy. If I
owned the four millions of slaves in the
South I would sacrifice them all to the
Union; but how can I draw my sword
upon Virginia, my native state?”
Robert E. Lee
TTYN: Interpret the following quotes from
Robert E. Lee
“to raise my hand against my relatives, my
children,
my home, I have, therefore, resigned my
commission in the Army, and save in defense of
my native State (with the sincere hope that my
poor services may never be needed) I hope I
may never be called upon to draw my sword.”
Robert E. Lee
He assumed command of the Army of Northern
Virginia in May 1862 and immediately embarked on
a series of skillful offensive operations that repelled
the Union forces outside Richmond in the Seven Days
Battles in June and July 1862.
Lee followed this with an offensive drive northward that
culminated in victory at Second Manassas in August
1862.
However, his effort to carry the war across the Potomac
nearly led to disaster when he barely fended off Union
assaults at Antietam.
Robert E. Lee
Retreating back to Virginia, Lee again
displayed deft generalship by checking Union
offensives at Fredericksburg and
Chancellorsville;
in the latter battle he prevailed, despite being
outnumbered 2 to 1
Suffered a major defeat at Gettysburg on
July 13, 1863.
Fort Sumter The first major battle of the
Civil War began on April
12, 1861.
After 2 days, the North
surrendered to the South.
No one was killed during
the battle; however, 1
soldier who was killed
when a cannon backfired
during the surrendering
ceremony.
The 1st Manassas or 1st Bull Run, VA
July 21,1861
The general for the
confederates was Stonewall
Jackson & Buearegard.
The general for the Yankees
was McDowell.
The North had 387 soldiers
killed while the South lost
460.
The South won the battle.
2nd Manassas or 2nd Bull Run, VA
August 29-30, 1862
The general for the
Confederate was Stonewall
Jackson.
The general for the Yankees
was John Pope.
The North lost 16,000
soldiers while the South lost
only 9,000
The South won the battle.
Antietam or Sharpsburg, Maryland
September 17, 1862
The general for the
Confederates was Robert
E. Lee.
The general for the
Yankees was McClellan.
Antietam or Sharpsburg, Maryland
The Bloodiest One Day Battle in American History
Over 23,000 soldiers were killed, wounded or
missing after twelve hours of savage combat on
September 17, 1862.
The Battle of Antietam ended the Confederate
Army of Northern Virginia's first invasion into the
North and led to Abraham Lincoln's issuance of
the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.
The Battle took place in Farmer
Miller’s cornfield.
The battle is known as the Single
bloodiest day in the Civil War.
23,500 men were killed in the
Bloody lane.
The name of the bridge where the
confederates held the Yankees for
4 hours is called, Burnside.
The south used rocks when they
ran out of ammunition.
South won the battle.
Antietam or Sharpsburg, Maryland
Battle Of Fredericksburg
Dec. 13-15, 1862
The general for the
Confederates was Robert
E. Lee
The general for the
Yankees was Burnside.
The North had 122,000
soldiers while the South
had 78,500
9,000 Union soldiers
were killed while only
1,500 Southern soldiers
were killed.
The South won the
battle.
Lee said, “It is well that
was is so horrible, else
we should grow too fond
of it.’
Battle Of Fredericksburg
The Turning Point
Thinking about our time discussing the Revolutionary War (Remember that??)
Which battle during the Revolutionary War is considered the turning point?
The Battle of Saratoga
Every war has a turning point and the Civil War is no different.
The Battle of Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863) is widely considered
to be the turning point of the American Civil War
The Battle of Gettysburg
The Turning Point
For three grueling days, Union Soldiers and Confederate Soldiers
staged one of the bloodiest battles of the war. The South, led by
General Robert E. Lee, and supported by 75,000 Confederate Soldiers
would ultimately suffer an emotional, physical, and spiritually draining
loss against General George Meade and his 97,000 Union Soldiers.
Lee would never again attempt an offensive operation of such
proportions. Although the war was to continue for two more horrible
years, the Confederacy would never recover from the losses of
Gettysburg.
The Battle of Gettysburg
The Gettysburg Address
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met here on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of it as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But in a larger sense we can not dedicate - we can not consecrate - we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled, here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but can never forget what they did here.
It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they have, thus far, so nobly carried on. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us - that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion - that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation shall have a new birth of freedom; and that this government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
The Gettysburg Address
"Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought
forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in
liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men
are created equal.
“….that we here highly resolve that these dead shall
not have died in vain; that this nation, under God,
shall have a new birth of freedom; and that this
government of the people, by the people, and for the
people, shall not perish from the earth.“
- Abraham Lincoln
The Gettysburg Address
Gettysburg Address Meaning
Lincoln's speech puts the Civil War in perspective as a
test of the success of the American Revolution. The
nation founded on equality was in the midst of a war
to determine whether such a nation could continue to
exist. He said that they were gathered to formally
dedicate ground hallowed by the men, American
citizens, who died there, but his speech turned the
event into a rededication of the living to the war effort
to preserve a nation of freedom.
So, What does the Gettysburg Address ell Us?
Sherman’s March to the Sea
November 15 until December 21, 1864, Union
General William T. Sherman led some 60,000 soldiers
on a 285-mile march from Atlanta to Savannah,
Georgia.
The Goal of this “March to the Sea” was to frighten
Georgia’s civilian population into abandoning the
Confederate cause.
Sherman’s March to the Sea
Sherman’s soldiers did not destroy any of the towns
in their path, but they stole food and livestock and
burned the houses and barns of people who tried to
fight back.
The Yankees were “not only fighting hostile armies,
but a hostile people,” Sherman explained; as a result,
they needed to “make old and young, rich and poor,
feel the hard hand of war.”
William Tecumseh Sherman
April 9, 1865 Lee
surrenders to
Ulysses S. Grant
at Appomattox,
court house,
Virginia.
Appomattox Court House
What I KnowAbout the Civil War
What I Learned About the Civil War
What I Want to Learn About the Civil War
K-W-L The Civil War - TTYN
A Slave Advertisement
The Issue of Slavery
Slave Auction House
Atlanta, Georgia (1865)
Gang Labor
Enslaved Dock Workers
Alexandria Virginia (1860)
A Pro-Slavery Lithograph (1850)
The Emancipation Proclamation
In 1862 and 1863, Lincoln delivered the ultimate
death blow to slavery. First, 1862, Lincoln issued an
executive order, which suggested that any
Confederate State that did not return to the Union
by Jan. 1, 1863 - freedom would be granted to all the
slaves within those states. Then, on Jan 1, 1863,
after no state took Lincoln up on his offer, Lincoln
unleashed the ultimate blow – declaring that all
slaves in every state are now free.
The Emancipation Proclamation
The proclamation declared, "all persons held as
slaves within any States, or designated part of the
State, the people whereof shall be in rebellion against
the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and
forever free."
The Emancipation Proclamation had almost no
immediate effect, since it was impossible for the
Federal government to implement it in those regions
where it actually applied -- namely the states in
rebellion that were not under Federal control.
The Emancipation Proclamation
Despite the lack of any immediate impact on the
slaves, the proclamation represented a shift in the
attitudes of the North towards its war objectives,
where merely reuniting the nation would no longer
become the sole outcome. It represented the first
step toward the ultimate abolition of slavery in the
United States.
The Emancipation Proclamation
A Diplomatic Move
Goal – keep Britain neutral
Remember, from the beginning, Lincoln was reluctant
to make slavery the key issue. Why?
Would drive the border slave states into secession
Once Military possessions were in the hands of the
Union Army, Lincoln throws down the hammer – the
Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln knew that the Queen and working population
were anti-slavery
Introducing the slavery issue would make it impractical
for the British Gov’t to come to the aid of the Confederacy
TTYN – Do you believe that Lincoln finally came to his
senses regarding slavery or was the Emancipation
Proclamation driven by diplomatic purposes?
Jan. 1861 – South Carolina, the first state
to secede from the Union
Mar. 1861 – Lincoln inaugurated
Apr. 1861 – Fort Sumter attacked
Apr. 1862 – Battle of Shiloh (24K Troops
killed)
Jan. 1863 – Emancipation Proclamation
Jul. 1 1863 – Battle of Gettysburg
Jul. 19, 1863 – Gettysburg Address
Nov. 1864 – Sherman’s March to the Sea
Nov. 1864 – Lincoln re-elected
Apr. 9, 1865 – The South surrenders
Apr. 14, 1865 – Lincoln assassinated
The Civil War Timeline
Civil War Facts•Of the 364,000 on the Union side who lost their lives, a third were killed or died of wounds and two-thirds died of disease
•Approximately 130,000 freed slaves became Union soldiers during the war.
•According to the U. S. Census, the population of the United States in 1860 numbered 31,443,321 persons. Of these, approximately 23,000,000 were in the 22 Northern states and 9,000,000 in the 11 Southern states. Of the latter total, 3,500,000 were slaves.
•At one time or another, the Northern armies numbered 2,100,000 soldiers. The Southern armies were considerably smaller. The total dead on both sides was about 500,000.•The Union Army consisted of between 2.5 to 2.7 million men while the Confederate forces had 750,000 to 1.2 million men.
•The Union Army lost approximately 360,000 men during the war. Only 110,070 of these men were listed as having been killed in battles. The remainder were listed as having died of disease or other causes.
•The Confederate forces lost approximately 258,000 men with 94,000 listed as having died in battles while 164,000 were listed as having died of disease or other causes. The figures of the Confederate's will never be known for sure because many records were either lost or destroyed.
Learning Activity: DBQ
Learning Activity: DBQ
Learning Activity: DBQ
Learning Activity: DBQ
Learning Activity: DBQ
Learning Activity: DBQ
Learning Activity: DBQ
Learning Activity: DBQ
Unit Assessment:
Two-Day Event
Day One
Multiple Choice
Short Answer IDs
Day Two
Thematic Essay
Unit Assessment:
Day Two: Thematic Essay
Thematic Essay Prompts: You will be offered one of
the following prompts to respond to:
Option 1:
Throughout the history of the United States, Presidents have made
important decisions in an effort to solve crucial problems.
From your study of United States history and the Civil War, identify
two important Presidential decisions that Abraham Lincoln made.
For each decision identified:
State one goal the President hoped to accomplish by making
the decision
Discuss the historical circumstances surrounding the
Presidential decision
Describe the extent to which the decision achieved the
President's original goal
Discuss one immediate or one long-term effect of the decision
on United States history
Option 2:
During the Antebellum period, there were multiple attempts to stave
of secession and maintain the unity of the United States.
From your study of the United States history and the Civil War,
identify two important compromises made in order to maintain the
unity of the United States.
For each compromise identified:
State one goal the compromise hoped to accomplish• Discuss
the historical circumstances surrounding the compromise
Describe the extent to which the compromise achieved the
original goal
Discuss one immediate or one long-term effect of the
compromise
Optional or Suggested Activity
Political Parties of the Antebellum American and the Civil War Era
Graphic Organizers
Know Nothing Party
Free Soil
Democrat
Whigs
Republican
Focus: Platform, When, Leaders, Demise (if
applicable), Other
Resources: Textbook or Learning Packet (preferred)
Learning Stations with Learning Packet
Time: No more than one period
Whig Party
Next Unit: Reconstruction
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