a new kind of revolution ch 21 sec 1 pages 633-639

A New Kind of RevolutionCh 21 Sec 1 Pages 633-639

A couple of things to AnswerWhat were the causes of the

Industrial Revolution?

and How did the Industrial Revolution

impact the world?

A couple of things to AnswerExplain how the Industrial Revolution

caused economic, cultural, and political changes around the world. 

 ORSummarize the origin and spread of the

Industrial Revolution

What you will learn In the 1700s, conditions in Great Britain

led to the rapid growth of the textile industry, which in turn led to huge changes in many other industries.

Revolution in Great Britain1700s = change in technologyenergy source changed from human &

animal power to machinery Industrial Revolution occurred when use

of power-driven machinery was developed

this started in Great Britain

Crash CourseCoal, Steam, and The Industrial Revolut

ion: Crash Course World History #32 - YouTube#at=49

Factors for Successin Great Britain

exploration and colonialism vast amounts of raw material and new markets

of consumerspower of the sea

can bring raw materials to GB and send finished product out

political stability when at peace in the homeland, general daily

living thrives, including commerce. no battles to fight=more money to spend

Factors for Successin Great Britain

government support Great Britain had laws that favored business this helped Great Britain compete against other

nationsgrowth of private investment

new businesses need investors to get the start up money to begin

today = “research and development”

Agricultural Factors- R & D 1701 Jethro Tull invented seed drill landowners bought up small farms and

consolidated them in the enclosure movement

better breeding methods for animals and varieties of food crops were developed, as well

increasing food supply meant the population could increase too

Factors of Production: LandGreat Britain had great natural

resources coal for fuel iron for steel & machinery waterways (rivers & canals) to generate

power and transport raw materials and goods

Factors of Production: LaborGreat Britain’s population grew because

of greater food supplyenclosure movement took land away

from small farmers resulted in surplus of available workers

Factors of Production: Capitalcapital is the money or property a business

needs to stay in businessWealthy business people invested capital

to make a profit and not share with workerscapital can be money, machines, or people

people who specialized in one area had abilities and skills to their advantages

Human Capital

A Revolution in Textilesa cottage industry is an occupation in

which you make a craft and it is done in your home

making cloth had been a cottage industry

cloth was made mostly with wool

A New Way of Making Clothcloth was now made from wool and

cotton more sheep could be raised due to the

enclosure movement cotton came to Great Britain from the

coloniesnew inventions helped the process of

cloth making

Cotton Gin invented by Eli Whitney removed seeds from raw cotton

Spinning Jenny -1764 invented by James Hargreavesspun multiple threads at one time

threads were still thick and broke easily

Spinning Frame invented by Richard Arkwrightsimilar to the spinning jenny

spun stronger, thinner threads

“Flying Shuttle” - 1733 invented by John Kaypushed thread back and forth on loom

automatically had been done by the weaver pushing the

shuttle back and forth allowed for looms to be wider than arm’s

width the flying shuttle doubled the speed at

which a worker could do the job many workers lost their jobs and Kay fled

to France to die in poverty

Power Loom invented by Edmund Cartwright in 1785automated the weaving process

Cloth Making Outside the Homenew inventions to speed up the cloth

making process were big machinesmachines needed a special place to

house themcloth now made

in FACTORIESFactories were placed next to

river for water power

Example of an water powered mill.

Water turned the wheel which provide the power to drive the new machines.

Steam Powers the Revolutionsteam is created when water is heated

to the point of vaporizingwater vapors expand when hotsteam engines were invented in 1712

by Thomas Newcomen

Newcomen Steam Engine

Development of the Steam Engine

James Watt innovated Newcomen’s steam engine to be more efficient Watt’s engine was better suited for factories

1802 Richard Trevithick put a steam engine in first locomotive

1807 Robert Fulton developed the first steamship

The Impact of the RailroadThe Impact of the Railroad

Development of the Steam EngineWHAT IS AN ADVANTAGE OF

STEAM POWER OVER WATER POWER FOR USE IN FACTORIES? a factory doesn’t have to be near a

waterway, meaning factories could also be nearer cities and/or ports where finished product had to end up

steam-powered trains made it possible to ship finished goods faster

steamships replaced sailing ships on the open sea and horse-drawn barges in canals

Coal for British Steam EnginesLumber was scarce due to deforestation for

farming coal mining industry in northern and western

England grew by 1800, Great Britain produced 80% of

Europe’s coal mining was dangerous

explosions coal dust collapsing shafts hard labor

Young Coal MinersYoung Coal Miners

Child Labor in the Mines

Child Labor in the Mines

Child Child “hurriers”“hurriers”

What’s HappeningWhat are the three factors of production

that we discussed? What is an example of each of these

factors that Great Britain had? How did the early inventions help the

textile industry change from a cottage industry to an industry performed in factories?

Industrialization Spreads

Industry and the WestIndividual freedom becomes significant

force in societyPeople with freedoms compete with one

another for wealth and fameCompetition is deemed good for allWesterners race to find new lands for new

markets and to exploit for Raw materials

Industry comes to AmericaBritain outlawed export of certain

machines and forbade skill craftsman from leaving country

WHY?

Great Britain had a huge head start in revolution

Industry comes to AmericaSamuel Slater

Skilled young millworker, escapes GB disguised as a farmer and heads to America

He had memorized the working of the water frame and reproduced it in America

Built 1st mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island Father of American Industry

Industry comes to America Frances Cabot LowellFirst all in one mill

40 multi story brick buildings Used water fall to run machinery 6 miles of canals Hired 10,000 single girls from near by

farms to run Provided good wages and clean housing

Lowell System

Lowell Girls

Industry spreads to EuropeWilliam Cockerill brought industry to

Central EuropeAfter Napoleon’s defeat in 1815, French

government would financial support industry 1848 French would be an industrial power

houseGermany had no central government to

support Industry Many small German states built railroads 1850 treaties that barred German states

from trading were dropped

Industry in AsiaJapan joined revolution very late1868 Meiji Government modernized

Japan’s economy A few decades later Japan would be

one of the world’s industrial leaders

GROG 21.1 -5 pointsUsing your notes, fill in the interactive graphic organizer by showing how various factors helped start the Industrial Revolution.

Factories and Workers

Chapter 21 Sec 2

Pages 640-645

Bell Ringer 21.2 Imagine that you are a highly skilled

millworker living in Great Britain in about 1800. Write an outline for the main points you would make to government officials to persuade them that you should be allowed to go to the United States to start a textile business.

Production before FactoriesCottage factories

Wool delivered right to cottage Product went from raw material to Finished

product under 1 roof Benefits

Controlled own schedule Could work or rest depending on family needs

Controlled quality Need more $$ then work faster Work slower and produce better quality

Production before Factories

Cottage IndustryProblems

Fire or flood could cause a financial hardshipAll skill took a long time to masterA lot of physical strength need to run

machinesAdults onlyParents fell ill or died= financial hardship for

family

Working in a factoryMass production- Manufacturing large

number of identical parts Cheaper products More money in peoples pockets More goods available to the people

Assemble line- Product moves from person to person, who each performs one step. Very easy to learn and perform

To easy for men, would been seen as women/ children's work

Boys and girls would work at age of 6

Wages Many families fleeing countryside would work in factories (enclosure movement)

A large number of people willing to work, means low wages

Children and women were paid less than men

long hours (12-16 hours) / six days a week

no safety precautions - no compensation for injury

unhealthy environment

Noise, lack of ventilation, poor sanitation

Impact of Industrialization

Changed patterns of life

urbanization-movement of people from rural areas to cities

Industry moved from home to citycity populations expand dramatically

Factory townsTowns first popped up along water

sourcesWith the invention of steam power

factories popped up near coal mines Thick soot cover these towns Turning day into night

Industrial Staffordshirearea in NW England known as black county due to

high pollution of coal dust

Problems of Growing Cities

Living Conditions

poorly built tenements

- large families crowded into single room apartments

- poor water supplies inadequate sanitation

- disease and crime

were constant problems

Cottage workers unrestFactories are the new way, but Cottage

Industry is still alive- barelyCottage Industries could not produce or

sell as cheaply as factoriesFacing financial ruins they would turn to

violence

British Government and BusinessBritish Government did not see it as

their job to regulate business If they help the people to much they

would get lazy and not work as hard

Luddites Cottage workers who

opposed factories putting cottages out of work

Burned and smashed factory machines

Did not hurt people Those who were caught

were hung by owners Luddite movement

ended quickly

Workers Organize

First unions were trade unions were workers who had skills and would be difficult to replace.

They would organize strikes to force improvement of working conditions

Early attempts by workers to organize and unionize met with resistance

- British government outlawed labor unions

Demands for Change

Governments begin to investigate working conditions.

British Parliament enacts laws limiting child labor and limiting hours in a work day .

Upstairs/Downstairs Social/Economics

A New Class of WorkersWealthy business people to investMid-level (Middle Class) employees to

run factory and supervise This would be a fast growing group

Low-level employees to run machines

GROG 21.2 – 5 points fill in the interactive graphic organizer by analyzing the effects of the factory system to answer the question, "Who do you think benefited the most and least from the changes?".

Chapter 21 Sec 3

New Ideas in a Society

Page 646-651

IV. New Currents of Thought

A. Economics

1. Laissez-Faire Economics laissez faire – economic

theory opposed any attempt by the government to interfere with the natural laws governing economics.

-

b. Adam Smith - Scottish economist who wrote “The Wealth of Nations"

-urged government to let free enterprise operate on its own.

- believed everyone would benefit

Thomas Malthus- “Essay on the Principles of Population"

- social problem of poverty

was due to population growth. - any government attempt to correct problems would only making conditions for the poor worse

David Ricardo - Iron Law of Wages

- stated wages and prices go

through cycles

Socialism - a system in which the workers or government owned and controlled the means of production.

*means of production -

i.) the means of production would be operated for the benefit of all people

Communism (Scientific Socialism) Karl Marx &

Friedrich Engels publish “The Communist Manifesto"

- Claimed theories were based on a scientific study

of history.

- Believed economics shaped both social and political structures

History reveals a continuous struggle between two classes:

- the "haves" (bourgeoisie " middle class")

- They control the means of production

- Through power and wealth shape social and political structures.

The have nots - the proletariat or working class

They lack the wealth of the haves They produce the wealth through their labor.

- Marx's predictions:

1. conditions of the workers will continue to decline

2. proletariat will revolt and take control of the means of production

3. proletariat will destroy the ruling class and setup classless society

4. wealth and power would be shared equally by all.

- Failing of Marx's theories

1. assumed the condition of the workers would continue to get worse over time.

2. the conditions of the workers actually

improved in many ways and workers were unwilling to overthrow the system.

Scientific Theories

- Charles Darwin published “On the Origin of Species"

- presented a theory of evolution based on natural selection