advancement in civil engineering
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ADVANCEMENT IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
ANCIENT
MODERN
TOOLS Chains
Tapes
Plane Table
TACH EO METER TH EO DO LI TE AERI AL SURVEY
INSTRUMENTS
PLANNING & DRAWING
ROUGH PAPER DRAWING FAIR WORK & ACTUAL SKETCHING
PLANNING & DRAWING AUTOCAD 3D STRUCTURAL
MODELLING AUTODESK CIVIL
Ara b i c de s i gns Dom e s Arc he s
DESIGN
INFRASTRUCTURE Hard infrastructure Soft infrastructure
ANCIENT MATERIALS Stones Woods
MODERN MATERIALS Reinforced cement concrete Bricks Timber
LABOUR SAFETY No gloves No shoes No costumes
MANPOWER SAFETY Availability of shoes Gloves & glasses Helmets
Being a broader f ield civi l engineering is divided into the
following sub-categories and / or f ields.
Rural And Urban
Planning
Environmental
Geotechnical
Hydraulic
Surveying
Water Resources
Transportation
Structural Bridge
Timber
Construction Managemen
t Earthquake
MAIN DISCIPLINES OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING URBAN PLANNING
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
• Engineering of structures that support or resist structural loads.•Major specialties
Earthquake Engineering Wind engineering Architectural engineering Ocean engineering
Earthquake Engineering
ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING
Ocean engineering
• Application of engineering to the improvement & protection of the environment• Major specialties
Municipal engineering Hydraulic engineering Ecological Engineering
WASTE WATER TREATMENT & ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERING
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
• Use of engineering to ensure safe and efficient transportation of people and goods
• Major specialties Highway engineering Railway systems engineering
GREEN CONCRETE• Concrete which is made from concrete wastes that are eco-
friendly are called as “Green concrete”.• Depleting fossil fuel reserves• Scarcity of raw materials• Perpetually increasing demand for cements and concretes• Growing environmental concerns linked to climate change and
an ailing world economy.
EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT STRUCTURES
• Minimization of damage to the structure
• Strong and ductile enough to survive the
shaking with an acceptable damage
• To equipping it with base isolation or using
structural vibration control technologies to
minimize any forces and deformations
NANOTECHNOLOGY Doubles Concrete Strength Increases Its Life Span Doubles Its Weight Reduces The Carbon Footprint
MATERIALS SCIENCE
Good performance of timber beams with respect to applied loadings.
Best performance of steels with respect to their carbon content, i.e. Elasticity.
Basic on time performance of masonry elements with respect to the absorption of moisture.
URBAN CONSTRUCTION
Sewerage Sanitation
FORENSIC LAB TESTING
Classification Of Materials Testing On Materials
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Prevention from corrosion Pollution free
PUBLIC SAFETY Storing and stacking materials Falling objects Scaffolding and other access equipment
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