america becomes a world power unit 8 chapters 29-30
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America Becomes a World America Becomes a World PowerPower
Unit 8Unit 8
Chapters 29-30Chapters 29-30
International InterestInternational InterestPages 641-648Pages 641-648
• ImperialismImperialism– What?What?– Why?Why?– Who?Who?
• HawaiiHawaii
• CubaCuba
American ImperialismAmerican Imperialism
• FactorsFactors– Economic competition between nationsEconomic competition between nations– Political and military competitionPolitical and military competition– Belief in racial and cultural superiorityBelief in racial and cultural superiority
• ActionsActions– HawaiiHawaii– CubaCuba– Puerto RicoPuerto Rico
1. Commercial/Business 1. Commercial/Business InterestsInterests
1. Commercial/Business 1. Commercial/Business InterestsInterests
U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908
U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908
American Foreign Trade:
1870-1914
American Foreign Trade:
1870-1914
1. Commercial/Business 1. Commercial/Business InterestsInterests
1. Commercial/Business 1. Commercial/Business InterestsInterests
2. Military/Strategic 2. Military/Strategic InterestsInterests
2. Military/Strategic 2. Military/Strategic InterestsInterests
Alfred T. Mahan The Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783
Alfred T. Mahan The Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783
3. Social Darwinist Thinking3. Social Darwinist Thinking3. Social Darwinist Thinking3. Social Darwinist Thinking
The White Man’sBurden
The White Man’sBurdenThe Hierarchy
of RaceThe Hierarchy
of Race
4. Religious/Missionary 4. Religious/Missionary InterestsInterests
4. Religious/Missionary 4. Religious/Missionary InterestsInterests
American Missionaries
in China, 1905
American Missionaries
in China, 1905
5. Closing the American 5. Closing the American FrontierFrontier
5. Closing the American 5. Closing the American FrontierFrontier
HawaiiHawaii
• Sugar, Sugar, SugarSugar, Sugar, Sugar– 75% of wealth75% of wealth– No duty (tax) on sugar sold to U.S.No duty (tax) on sugar sold to U.S.– Most plantation owners from U.S.Most plantation owners from U.S.
• Political issuesPolitical issues– Only land owners can voteOnly land owners can vote– U.S. treaty for Pearl HarborU.S. treaty for Pearl Harbor– Change in Hawaii’s rulerChange in Hawaii’s ruler
• Liliuokalani – deposed with help from U.S. militaryLiliuokalani – deposed with help from U.S. military• President Cleveland refuses to recognize as a territory unless President Cleveland refuses to recognize as a territory unless
Hawaiians want itHawaiians want it• President McKinley proclaims Hawaii a U.S. territoryPresident McKinley proclaims Hawaii a U.S. territory
Hawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniHawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniHawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniHawaiian Queen Liliuokalani
Hawaii for the Hawaiians!
Hawaii for the Hawaiians!
U. S. Business Interests In U. S. Business Interests In HawaiiHawaii
U. S. Business Interests In U. S. Business Interests In HawaiiHawaii
1875 – Reciprocity 1875 – Reciprocity Treaty Treaty
1890 – McKinley 1890 – McKinley TariffTariff
1893 – AmericanAmericanbusinessmen backed businessmen backed ananuprising against uprising against Queen Queen Liliuokalani.Liliuokalani.
Sanford Ballard Dole Sanford Ballard Dole
proclaims the proclaims the Republic Republic of Hawaii in 1894.of Hawaii in 1894.
To The Victor Belongs the To The Victor Belongs the SpoilsSpoils
To The Victor Belongs the To The Victor Belongs the SpoilsSpoils
Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898
Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898
CUBACUBA
• Cuban Revolution – 1895Cuban Revolution – 1895– U.S. SplitU.S. Split
• Support Spain to protect American business Support Spain to protect American business interestsinterests
• Support Cuban rebels to promote libertySupport Cuban rebels to promote liberty
– Yellow journalism – reporting that exaggerates Yellow journalism – reporting that exaggerates the news to lure new readersthe news to lure new readers• Stirs support for rebelsStirs support for rebels• Creates news Creates news
Spanish Misrule in CubaSpanish Misrule in CubaSpanish Misrule in CubaSpanish Misrule in Cuba
Valeriano Weyler’s Valeriano Weyler’s “Reconcentration” Policy“Reconcentration” Policy
Valeriano Weyler’s Valeriano Weyler’s “Reconcentration” Policy“Reconcentration” Policy
““Yellow Journalism” & Yellow Journalism” & JingoismJingoism
““Yellow Journalism” & Yellow Journalism” & JingoismJingoism
Joseph PulitzerJoseph Pulitzer
William Randolph Hearst
William Randolph Hearst
Hearst to Frederick Hearst to Frederick Remington:Remington: You furnish the You furnish the pictures,pictures, and I’ll furnish the war! and I’ll furnish the war!
De Lôme LetterDe Lôme LetterDe Lôme LetterDe Lôme Letter
Dupuy de Lôme, Dupuy de Lôme, SpanishSpanishAmbassador to the Ambassador to the U.S.U.S.
Criticized PresidentCriticized PresidentMcKinley as McKinley as weak and weak and aabidder for the bidder for the admirationadmirationof the crowd, besidesof the crowd, besidesbeing a would-be being a would-be politicianpoliticianwho tries to leave a who tries to leave a doordooropen behind himself open behind himself whilewhilekeeping on good termskeeping on good termswith the jingoes of hiswith the jingoes of hisparty.party.
Remember the MaineRemember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!and to Hell with Spain!Remember the MaineRemember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!and to Hell with Spain!
Funeral for Maine victims in Havana
Funeral for Maine victims in Havana
Spanish-American WarSpanish-American WarPages 648-660Pages 648-660
• That Splendid Little WarThat Splendid Little War– Dewey & PhilippinesDewey & Philippines– Teddy Roosevelt & Rough RidersTeddy Roosevelt & Rough Riders
• Another Treaty of ParisAnother Treaty of Paris
• American resultsAmerican results
• Anti-Imperialist LeagueAnti-Imperialist League
• Puerto RicoPuerto Rico
The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War (1898):(1898):
“That Splendid Little War”“That Splendid Little War”
The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War (1898):(1898):
“That Splendid Little War”“That Splendid Little War”
How prepared was the US for war?
How prepared was the US for war?
The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War (1898):(1898):
“That Splendid Little War”“That Splendid Little War”
The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War (1898):(1898):
“That Splendid Little War”“That Splendid Little War”
Dewey Captures Manila!Dewey Captures Manila!Dewey Captures Manila!Dewey Captures Manila!
Theodore RooseveltTheodore RooseveltTheodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt
Assistant Assistant Secretary of the Secretary of the Navy in the Navy in the McKinley McKinley administration.administration.
Imperialist and Imperialist and American American nationalist.nationalist.
Criticized Criticized PresidentPresidentMcKinley as McKinley as having the having the backbone of a backbone of a chocolate éclair!chocolate éclair!
Resigns his Resigns his position to fight in position to fight in Cuba.Cuba.
The The “Rough “Rough Riders”Riders”
The The “Rough “Rough Riders”Riders”
The Treaty of Paris: 1898The Treaty of Paris: 1898The Treaty of Paris: 1898The Treaty of Paris: 1898
Cuba was freed from Spanish rule.Cuba was freed from Spanish rule.
Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the island ofisland ofGuam.Guam.
The U. S. paid SpainThe U. S. paid Spain$20 mil. for the$20 mil. for thePhilippines.Philippines.
The U. S. becomesThe U. S. becomesan imperial power!an imperial power!
American ImpactsAmerican Impacts
• 350-400 Battle Deaths350-400 Battle Deaths
• 2000-5000 Death by Disease2000-5000 Death by Disease– Typhoid, Malaria, etc.Typhoid, Malaria, etc.– Bad beefBad beef
• UnpreparedUnprepared– Clothing, training, weapons, leadershipClothing, training, weapons, leadership
• StrengthsStrengths– Numbers, NavyNumbers, Navy
The American Anti-The American Anti-Imperialist Imperialist LeagueLeague
The American Anti-The American Anti-Imperialist Imperialist LeagueLeague
Founded in 1899.Founded in 1899.
Mark Twain, Mark Twain, Andrew Andrew Carnegie, WilliamCarnegie, WilliamJames, and WilliamJames, and WilliamJennings Bryan Jennings Bryan amongamongthe leaders.the leaders.
Campaigned Campaigned against the against the annexation of theannexation of thePhilippines and Philippines and otherotheracts of imperialism.acts of imperialism.
Cuban Independence?Cuban Independence?Cuban Independence?Cuban Independence?
Senator Orville Platt
Senator Orville Platt
Platt Amendment (1903)Platt Amendment (1903)
1. Cuba was not to enter into any agreements 1. Cuba was not to enter into any agreements withwith foreign powers that would endanger its foreign powers that would endanger its independence.independence.
2. The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if 2. The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary to maintain an efficient, necessary to maintain an efficient, independent govt.independent govt.
3. Cuba must lease Guantanamo Bay to the U.S. 3. Cuba must lease Guantanamo Bay to the U.S. forfor naval and coaling station. naval and coaling station.
4. Cuba must not build up an excessive public 4. Cuba must not build up an excessive public debt.debt.
Puerto RicoPuerto RicoPuerto RicoPuerto Rico
1900 - Foraker ActForaker ActLimited degree of popular Limited degree of popular
governmentgovernment
1901-1903 1901-1903 the the Insular CasesInsular CasesConstitution does not fully Constitution does not fully
apply to apply to territoriesterritories
1917 – Jones Act 1917 – Jones Act
U.S. Citizenship for Puerto U.S. Citizenship for Puerto RicansRicans
Our “Sphere of Influence”Our “Sphere of Influence”Our “Sphere of Influence”Our “Sphere of Influence”
America on the World StageAmerica on the World StagePages 664-671Pages 664-671
• Philippine WarPhilippine War
• Open Door PolicyOpen Door Policy
• Boxer RebellionBoxer Rebellion
• Election of 1900Election of 1900
Emilio AguinaldoEmilio AguinaldoEmilio AguinaldoEmilio Aguinaldo
LLeader of the Filipinoeader of the FilipinoUprising.Uprising.
July 4, 1946:July 4, 1946:Philippine Philippine independenceindependence
William H. Taft, 1stWilliam H. Taft, 1stGov.-General of the PhilippinesGov.-General of the Philippines
William H. Taft, 1stWilliam H. Taft, 1stGov.-General of the PhilippinesGov.-General of the Philippines
Stereotypes of the Stereotypes of the Chinese Chinese
ImmigrantImmigrant
Stereotypes of the Stereotypes of the Chinese Chinese
ImmigrantImmigrant
Oriental [Chinese]
Exclusion Act, 1887
Oriental [Chinese]
Exclusion Act, 1887
The Boxer Rebellion: The Boxer Rebellion: 19001900
The Boxer Rebellion: The Boxer Rebellion: 19001900
The Peaceful Harmonious The Peaceful Harmonious Fists.Fists.
““55 Days at Peking.”55 Days at Peking.”
The Open Door PolicyThe Open Door PolicyThe Open Door PolicyThe Open Door Policy
Secretary John Hay.Secretary John Hay.
Give all nations equalGive all nations equalaccess to trade in China.access to trade in China.
Guaranteed that China would NOT be Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken taken over by any one foreign power.over by any one foreign power.
TheTheOpen Door Open Door
PolicyPolicy
TheTheOpen Door Open Door
PolicyPolicy
America as a Pacific America as a Pacific PowerPower
America as a Pacific America as a Pacific PowerPower
Prosperity vs. Anti-ImperialismProsperity vs. Anti-Imperialism
AssassinatedAssassinated by an Anarchistby an Anarchist
LEON CZOLGOSZ
Tried / Convicted < 9 hoursExecuted 45 days after McKinley dies
Teddy RooseveltTeddy Roosevelt
• TRTR– PoliticianPolitician– NYC Police CommissionerNYC Police Commissioner– Assistant Secretary of the NavyAssistant Secretary of the Navy– Leader of the “Rough Riders” (volunteer cavalry Leader of the “Rough Riders” (volunteer cavalry
brigade in Spanish-American War)brigade in Spanish-American War)– Governor of NYGovernor of NY– VP for William McKinley VP for William McKinley – President (42 years old)President (42 years old)
Teddy’s Foreign PolicyTeddy’s Foreign PolicyPages 671-679Pages 671-679
• Panama CanalPanama Canal– Why?Why?– Who?Who?– How?How?
• Monroe Doctrine (TR Version)Monroe Doctrine (TR Version)
• US-Japan RelationsUS-Japan Relations
Panama: The King’s Panama: The King’s CrownCrown
Panama: The King’s Panama: The King’s CrownCrown
1850 1850 Clayton- Clayton-BulwerBulwerTreaty (US not allowed Treaty (US not allowed to get exclusive to get exclusive control over Panama control over Panama route)route)
1901 1901 Hay- Hay-PauncefortePaunceforteTreaty (US free to Treaty (US free to build and fortify a build and fortify a canal) canal)
Panama revolution?Panama revolution?
1903 1903 Hay-Bunau- Hay-Bunau-Varilla TreatyVarilla Treaty. . (US (US purchases rights from purchases rights from French)French)
Panama CanalPanama CanalPanama CanalPanama Canal
TR in Panama(Construction
begins in 1904)
TR in Panama(Construction
begins in 1904)
The Roosevelt Corollary The Roosevelt Corollary to the to the
Monroe Doctrine: Monroe Doctrine: 1905 1905
The Roosevelt Corollary The Roosevelt Corollary to the to the
Monroe Doctrine: Monroe Doctrine: 1905 1905
Chronic wrongdoing… Chronic wrongdoing… may in America, as may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately elsewhere, ultimately require intervention require intervention by some civilized by some civilized nation, and in the nation, and in the Western Hemisphere Western Hemisphere the adherence of the the adherence of the United States to the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may Monroe Doctrine may force the United force the United States, however States, however reluctantly, in flagrant reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such cases of such wrongdoing or wrongdoing or impotence, to the impotence, to the exercise of an exercise of an international police international police powerpower .
Speak Softly,Speak Softly,But Carry a Big Stick!But Carry a Big Stick!
Speak Softly,Speak Softly,But Carry a Big Stick!But Carry a Big Stick!
Constable of the WorldConstable of the WorldConstable of the WorldConstable of the World
Treaty of Portsmouth: Treaty of Portsmouth: 19051905
Treaty of Portsmouth: Treaty of Portsmouth: 19051905
Nobel Peace Prize for TeddyNobel Peace Prize for Teddy
Yellow PerilYellow Peril
• Post Russo-Japanese WarPost Russo-Japanese War– Laborers flock to CaliforniaLaborers flock to California
• Racial tensionsRacial tensions– School discriminationSchool discrimination
• Gentlemen’s AgreementGentlemen’s Agreement– Japan agrees to limit (eliminate?) laborers Japan agrees to limit (eliminate?) laborers
headed to Californiaheaded to California
The Great White Fleet: The Great White Fleet: 19071907
The Great White Fleet: The Great White Fleet: 19071907
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