august 2008 nomenclature and anatomy of flowers modified by georgia agriculture education curriculum...

August 2008

Nomenclature and Anatomy of Flowers

Modified by Georgia Agriculture Education Curriculum Office June 2002

August 2008

A complete flower has 4 parts present

• sepals

• petals

• stamens

• pistils

August 2008

Sepal

• One of the outermost flower structures• Commonly small, green, leaflike

structures• When the sepals and petals appear the

same (such as lilies), they are called tepals

• Collective word for sepals and petals is called perianth

August 2008

Petals

• Usually conspicuously colored

• Collectively called the corolla

• Normally positioned between sepals and inner flower parts

August 2008

Stamens

• Threadlike extensions that stand upright from the perianth

• Male reproductive parts of a flower

• Consists of the anther and the filament

August 2008

Pistils• Female reproductive parts of a flower

• Consists of the stigma, style, and ovary

August 2008

Types of Flower Structure

• Solitary

• Inflorescence

August 2008

Solitary Flowers

• Flowers that form singly on upright stalks

• Ex: tulips, roses, daffodils

August 2008

Inflorescence

• A flower that is made up of several florets

• Flowers have a branching pattern from the main stem

• The main stalk of an inflorescence is a peduncle, stalks that support the florets are called pedicels

August 2008

Types of Inflorescence

• Has an elongated inflorescence on the main stem.

• Ex: liatris, gladiolus

Spike:

August 2008

Types of Inflorescence

• Similar to a spike except florets aren’t directly attached to the stem

• Ex: delphinium

Raceme:

August 2008

Types of Inflorescence

• Has a flat top or slightly convex shape

• Has main stem with pedicels of unequal length

• Ex: yarrow

Corymb:

August 2008

Types of Inflorescence

• Broad and flat topped• Has divisions that

arise below a terminal flower

• Ex: Bird of Paradise

Cyme:

August 2008

Types of Inflorescence

• Flower cluster that is easily recognized

• Simple umbel has single pedicelled flowers all arising from the top of the main stem. Ex: agapanthus

• Compound umbel has secondary umbels arising from main stem. Ex: Queen Anne’s Lace

Umbel:

August 2008

Types of Inflorescence

• Thick flower spike surrounded by a conspicuous bract.

• The spathe (bract) is often mistakenly identified as the flower

• Ex: Anthurium

Spadix:

August 2008

Types of Inflorescence

• Slender, scaly-bracted inflorescence found on woody plants

• Ex: Willow, alder, birch

Catkin:

August 2008

Types of Inflorescence

• Short, dense cluster of flowers in a flat pattern

• Ex: sunflowers

Head Flower:

August 2008

Leaf Parts

• Blade

• Petiole

• Stipules

August 2008

Leaf Types

• Simple leaf: leaf with a single blade

• Compound leaf: leaf with more than one blade (leaflets)

August 2008

Leaf Vein Patterns• Vein patterns in

leaf blades are called venation

• Types– parallel– palmate– pinnate

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Leaf Shapes

• Basic outline of the blade make up the shape of the leaf

• Ex: oblong, linear, pelate, elliptic

August 2008

Leaf Margins

• Edge of the leaf blade is called a margin

• The appearance of the margin can affect the texture of a design

• Ex: entire, undulate, serrate, lobed

August 2008

Assignment

• With a partner:– Make a PowerPoint or Prezzi about the types

of flowers and leaves discussed– Find at least 3 pictures/examples of each