autonomous & connected vehicle (acv) readiness

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AUTONOMOUS & CONNECTED VEHICLE (ACV) READINESS

CCOG Annual Conference

CONVERGING TRENDS ARE SHAPING MOBILITY

Integration of Connected & Automated Technologies

Introduction of Shared Service Platforms

Advancements in Energy Storage Technology

Deeper Application of Big Data

Faster Processing Speeds at Decreasing Cost

Technology

ACTUAL PREDICTED

Population

Population expected to grow by 70 million in next 30 years

75% of population concentrated in 11Megaregions

By 2045, the number of

Americans over age 65 will

increase by 77%.

Americans are Living Longer

Millennials are Connected & Influential

Demographics

About one-third have a disability that limits

mobility.

There are

73 millionAmericans aged 18

to 34.

They drove 20% fewer miles in 2010 than at the

start of the decade.

GREATER CHARLOTTE REGION, ACV WORKSHOP SERIES

AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLE (ACV) WORKSHOPS - ACTIONS TO PREPARE THE GREATER CHARLOTTE REGION

▪ Workshop concept sprung from Regional Freight Mobility Plan

▪ 50+ participants per workshop

▪ Leading researchers, industry experts, best practice

▪ 1st region based dialogue on technology preparation, obstacles, solutions in NC

▪ Roadmap with actionable steps

▪ Transferable concept for state and national peers

WHAT DO YOU HOPE TO LEARN ABOUT THROUGH THE SERIES?

CCOG ACV WORKSHOP 1

WORKSHOP 2: BREAKOUT SESSION SHORT AND LONG TERM ACTIONS

WORKSHOP 3 RESULTS

Workshop 3 included:

• Developing an Action Plan

• Action step matrix > ID obstacles,

resources & opportunities

• Supports Creation of Preparedness

Roadmap – a “call to action”

ROADMAP PURPOSE

Includes specific near term actions that regional partners can take for ACV preparedness

Given the pace of change w/ ACV technologies, action plan is a living document

Automated and Connected Vehicle (ACV) RoadmapActions to Prepare the Greater Charlotte Region

ACTION PLAN – KEY THEMES

At a high level these actions include the following themes:

▪Continue to convene regional leadership/partners to discuss issues and opportunities of new technologies, coordinate actions, and plans*

▪Consider ACVs in planning studies and documents

▪Take steps to update tools & evaluate ACV impacts

▪Before making major capital investments—E.g.- parking structures or road widenings— consider possible implications of ACVs

▪Continue to seek opportunities to educate and inform regional political leaders, agency leadership, and staff

▪Be part of the state/national conversation on ACVs; provide regional perspective on ACV issues

▪Identify opportunities to partner in pilot tests

* The ACV Taskforce held its 1st meeting on March 2, 2018

TODAY’S PANELISTS

Joe Hummer, PhD, PEState Traffic Management Engineer, NCDOT

Anna Gallup, PEProgram Manager, Metrolina Regional Model

Stacy Cook, AICPSenior Associate for Cambridge Systematics

Looking Ahead

to Autonomous Vehicles

Joe Hummer, PhD, PE, State Traffic Management Engineer

For Centralina COG, April 12, 2018

Disclaimer

• Most of this presentation is my personal

opinion, not NCDOT policy or NC law

– I will try to indicate when something is law or

policy

• Graphics are property of rightful owners

– Do not reproduce graphics unless indicated

that they belong to me or NCDOT

• No endorsement of any product is intended

Looking Ahead to Autonomous Vehicles

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Objectives

• How will AVs affect NC?

• What can we do to prepare?

– Maximize positive benefits

– Mitigate negative effects

Looking Ahead to Autonomous Vehicles

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Audi AV, from wired.com

Definition

• Self-driving on-road motor vehicle

• No steering wheel or pedals– “Level 5”

• Someone tells the vehicle the destination, vehicle gets there

• Do not need special infrastructure

• Can run empty– Or carry only cargo

Looking Ahead to Autonomous Vehicles

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Autonomous vehicle developed for Fort Bragg, 2017

AVs Will Be Adopted Quickly

Looking Ahead to Autonomous Vehicles

• Safer

• Cheaper– Human driving will get more expensive

• Time savings

• Benefits for many groups of consumers

• Manufacturers plan to sell level 5 by 2021– Huge R&D expenditures

– Push by foreign companies

– Disincentives at levels 3 and 4

• Little new infrastructure needed

• No show-stoppers16

Changing How We Use Autos

Looking Ahead to Autonomous Vehicles

• Autonomous

• Subscription

• Electric

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Source: iTunes

Google “Gumdrop” vehicle, from CNET

As Big a Change As…

Looking Ahead to Autonomous Vehicles

• Jet airplane?

• Interstate system?

• Model T?

• Railroads?

• Steamships?

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Safety

Looking Ahead to Autonomous Vehicles

• Currently so awful

– 38,000 deaths per year in US and climbing

– 1.2 million deaths per year worldwide

– “Young person’s disease”

• At least 90 percent of current crashes have

human error as major contributing factor

• Widespread adoption of AVs will cut crashes,

injuries, and fatalities dramatically

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Safety

Looking Ahead to Autonomous Vehicles

• Car sensors are better than human senses

– More sensors, connected vehicles, …

• Machine processing times getting faster

• Software updates correct previous errors

– Human drivers never learn

• Logic always favors safety

• Car companies assume liability, have

every incentive to reduce crashes

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Travel Efficiency

Looking Ahead to Autonomous Vehicles

• With all AVs, road capacity increases by

up to 50 percent

– With some human-driven vehicles, benefits

will be smaller

• Optimum routing

• More ride-sharing

– Discount subscriptions

• More trucks at night

• No cruising for parking 21

Source: CLEPA.edu

Travel Efficiency

Looking Ahead to Autonomous Vehicles

• Narrower lanes

• Cycle-by cycle or

second-by-second lane-

use controls

– Virtual roundabouts,

superstreets, road diets,

turn prohibitions, etc.

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Travel Efficiency

Looking Ahead to Autonomous Vehicles

• On the other hand, auto travel is cheaper

and easier, so

– Empty vehicles

– More trips

– Longer trips

– Mode shift from transit

• Overall, likely less congestion

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Roads

Looking Ahead to Autonomous Vehicles

• Funding is the big problem

• If no new capacity needed, jobs are another

problem

– Two million highway construction jobs nationwide

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NCDOT, 2016

Transit

Looking Ahead to Autonomous Vehicles

• Outside of a few big cities, will AVs will take

over much of the transit market?

– Some gain from driverless transit vehicles, but…

– Door-to-door service

– More reliable

– Cheaper for many fare-paying customers

– Cheaper for taxpayers

– Local governments can subsidize rides for low-

income citizens

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Trucking

Looking Ahead to Autonomous Vehicles

• Going driverless is the big cost savings

– About 1.8 million jobs across the US

• Experiments underway

– Platooning trucks

– Beer truck drives across Colorado

• Long-haul terminal to terminal seems easiest

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Older People

Looking Ahead to Autonomous Vehicles

27Source: Slate.com

Younger People

Looking Ahead to Autonomous Vehicles

• NC law allows 12 year old to be in AV alone

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Source: Twitter.com

Disabled People

Looking Ahead to Autonomous Vehicles

29Source: Jalopnik.com

Commuters

Looking Ahead to Autonomous Vehicles

• What will you do with your extra free time

in the car every day?

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Source: Slide Share

Land Use Changes

Looking Ahead to Autonomous Vehicles

• Parking

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Land Use Changes

Looking Ahead to Autonomous Vehicles

• Retail

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Land Use Changes

Looking Ahead to Autonomous Vehicles

• Housing

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Land Use Changes

Looking Ahead to Autonomous Vehicles

• Exurban Areas

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Environmental Impacts

Looking Ahead to Autonomous Vehicles

• Air

– CO2

• Water

• Noise

• Wildlife

– Car-kill

– Habitat

• Oil industry

– Gas stations35

Deepwater Horizon explosion.Source: Slate.com

Other Impacts

Looking Ahead to Autonomous Vehicles

• Tourism

• Auto business

• Utilities

• Law enforcement

• Health care

• Evacuations

• Schools

• Others?

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Source: Houston Public Media

NCDOT Encourages

Autonomous Vehicle Adoption

Looking Ahead to Autonomous Vehicles

• SAFETY!

– Reduce the 1,500 fatal victims per year

– Reduce the 125,000 injury victims per year

– Reduce the billions in economic damage

• Mobility for more citizens

• Reduce or eliminate congestion

– Greater access to jobs

– Faster goods movement

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NCDOT and NC Government Will

Play a Big Role in AV Adoption

Looking Ahead to Autonomous Vehicles

• We build and operate

roadways

• We license drivers

• We register vehicles

• We establish and enforce

driving and vehicle laws

and ordinances

• Tort cases are heard in

our courts38

Road Map Commissioned

Looking Ahead to Autonomous Vehicles

• Sponsored by NCDOT

• Completed November 2016

• Documents at http://www.ncav.org

• 7 initiatives, 27 activities

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2017 Legislation

• HB 469 defined fully autonomous vehicles, made them legal, and formed DOT committee

– Passed Senate 45-2, House 114-1

– Signed by Governor July 21

– Effective December 1

• HB 716 made truck platooning legal where allowed by DOT ordinance

– Passed Senate 45-1, House 117-0

– Signed by Governor July 21

– Effective August 1

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Down the Line for DOT

Looking Ahead to Autonomous Vehicles

• Laws and institutions in place

• Stable and reliable funding source

• Smooth pavements

• Good quality pavement markings

• Advanced traffic engineering

• Good communication between state agencies and vehicle companies

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A Hopeful Future

Looking Ahead to Autonomous Vehicles

• With AVs, travel could be

– Much safer

– Cheaper

– Quicker

– Available for more people

– Less stressful

– Better for the environment

– Better for business

– Creating more jobs

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Needed Actions

Looking Ahead to Autonomous Vehicles

• Federal legislation

– Vehicles

• State legislation, courts

• Local governments

– Parking, land uses

• Public and media do not panic

• Train people for new businesses

– Battery techs, not truck drivers

• Research43

Thank You!

• Joe Hummer

– 919-814-5040, jehummer@ncdot.gov

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