background causes of the american revolution · •french and indian war: part of europe’s 7...
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VOCABULARY• Mercantilism: uses a favorable balance of trade between the mother country
and the colony
• Favorable Balance of Trade: revenue of exports is more than imports
• Triangular Trade: trade route between Europe, Africa and the America’s
• Middle Passage: the route on the triangle trade from Africa to the America’s
that included slaves
• Manufacturing: creating goods with machines
• French and Indian War: part of Europe’s 7 Years War between England and
France that was fought in North America in which England won
• Albany Plan of Union: an idea for representative government in the colonies
that was rejected but influenced the US Constitution
• Salutary Neglect: non-enforcement of the laws from Parliament onto the
colonies to help them flourish
• Enlightenment: cultural movement by intellectuals in Europe and North
America to use reason, challenge traditions of faith and promote the use of the
scientific method
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS:
• What are the political, economic, and social
causes of the American Revolution?
• How did public opinion evolve in regard to
the movement for Independence?
ECONOMIC FACTORS
• Mercantilism:
• European countries made colonies so that they would have a favorable balance of trade with them and make money.
• Favorable Balance of Trade:
• When one country benefits more from trade with another country.
ECONOMIC FACTORS• Triangular Trade: A trade between the
America’s, Europe and Africa combining
European capital (in the first leg) with African
labor (in the second) and British-colony
resources (in the third):
• From Europe - manufactured goods: copper,
textiles, silks imported from Asia, glassware,
ammunition, guns, knives and other finished
products.
• In Africa, sailors unloaded European goods and
filled the ships with indigo and slaves.
• The "middle passage" brought the slaves
to the Americas or to Caribbean islands.
• At least 10% of the slaves died during the
trip because of bad conditions.
• From the America’s: raw materials, returned to
Europe. Sugar, coffee, tobacco and - especially -
cotton were processed in British factories.
ECONOMIC FACTORS
• Rise of an influential
business community in
the colonies
• More manufacturing
happened in the
colonies because the
British didn’t enforce
their mercantile policies.
ECONOMIC FACTORS
• Cost of colonial wars against the French• Britain began to tax the
colonies to help pay for the French and Indian War and protect the land that was won by fighting it.
POLITICAL FACTORS
• The role of the British
Civil War
• King James II was
overthrown and
parliament became
more powerful than the
King.
POLITICAL FACTORS
• Periods of political freedom in the colonies
• 75% of adult white males in the colonies could vote.
• Middle class men were elected to the colonial legislatures.
• Salutary Neglect by England allowed the colonies to govern themselves.
POLITICAL FACTORS
• Impact of the French
and Indian War:
• England ended their “salutary
neglect” in order to keep
power over the colonies and
make them profitable.
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN’S CARTOON URGING THE COLONIES TO UNITE AND FIGHT AS ONE
AGAINST THE FRENCH AND THE INDIANS TO GAIN CONTROL OF THE LAND WEST OF THE
APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS.
POLITICAL FACTORS:Albany Plan of Union:
• Purpose:
• get the cooperation of the colonies decrease the French
influence in North America
• keep the Iroquois loyal to the British
• Proposed: a unity for defense with a:
• governing body with a president-general, appointed and paid
by the crown
• grand council elected by the colonial assembly
• Result of Proposal:
• Accepted by the Albany Congress
• turned down by the colonies for not giving enough
independence
• turned down by England for giving too much colonial
independence
• Importance of the Albany Plan of Union:
• introduced representative government with a leader; this was a
model for the US Constitution.
POLITICAL FACTORS
• Political thought of the
Enlightenment
influenced colonial
leaders:
• Colonists read the
writings of John Locke
and Baron de
Montesquieu.
POLITICAL FACTORS
• John Locke’s ideas
included that people
had natural rights and
also had a right to a
government that
represented them.
These ideas were used
in the Declaration of
Independence.
POLITICAL FACTORS
• Montesquieu gave the idea
of separation of powers
within a government by
dividing it into an
executive, a legislative and
a judicial branch. This idea
was used when writing the
US Constitution and is how
the US federal government
is set up.
SOCIAL FACTORS
• New social
relationships between
European powers and
the American colonies:
• development of a new
colonial identity of
independence and
possible unity
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
• To the European countries, what was the purpose of
the colonies?
• Draw a triangle and label the continent and products
that are part of each side.
• What was the middle passage?
• What was the impact of the French and Indian War on
the colonies?
• What was the importance of the Albany plan of
Union?
• What political idea did these men provide the
colonist? Baron de Montesquieu and John Locke.
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