base oil + additives finished lubricant. base stocks finished lube oil - a mixture of base stocks +...
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BASE OIL + ADDITIVES
FINISHED LUBRICANT
BASE STOCKSBASE STOCKS
FINISHED LUBE OIL - A MIXTURE OF BASE STOCKS + FINISHED LUBE OIL - A MIXTURE OF BASE STOCKS + ADDITIVE PACKAGEADDITIVE PACKAGE
BASE STOCKS/BASE OILS- MAINLY DERIVED FROM BASE STOCKS/BASE OILS- MAINLY DERIVED FROM PETROLEUM THROUGH VARIOUS REFINING PROCESSESPETROLEUM THROUGH VARIOUS REFINING PROCESSES
CONVENTIONAL & MODERNCONVENTIONAL & MODERN
Base Oil PropertiesBase Oil Properties
ViscosityViscosity Saturate ContentSaturate Content
Viscosity IndexViscosity Index Aromatic ContentAromatic Content
VolatilityVolatility Sulfur ContentSulfur Content
Flash PointFlash Point
Pour PointPour Point
Specific GravitySpecific Gravity
Chemical PropertiesPhysical Properties
BO4 1
BASE OILS
100 N 100 IO VG 12
150 N 150 T 500 IO
500 N 500 T VG 100
1300 N
150 BS TURBINE OIL(L) 1600 IO
TURBINE OIL(M)
API CLASSIFICATIONAPI CLASSIFICATION
SATURATES SATURATES SULFUR SULFUR V.I. V.I.
GR.1 GR.1 < 90%< 90% > 0.03% 80-120 > 0.03% 80-120
GR.2 GR.2 90% & ABOVE 90% & ABOVE <0.03% 80-120 <0.03% 80-120
GR.3 GR.3 90% & ABOVE 90% & ABOVE <0.03% OVER 120 <0.03% OVER 120
GR.4 PAO GR.4 PAO - - - -
GR.5 OTHERS GR.5 OTHERS - - - -
OIL REFINING PROCESSESOIL REFINING PROCESSES
CONVENTIONALCONVENTIONAL DISTILLATIONDISTILLATION SOLVENT EXTRACTIONSOLVENT EXTRACTION FINISHING PROCESSESFINISHING PROCESSES DEWAXING.DEWAXING.
MODERNMODERN HYDROCRACKINGHYDROCRACKING HYDRO-ISOMERIZATIONHYDRO-ISOMERIZATION CATALYTIC DEWAXING.CATALYTIC DEWAXING.
PROPANEDEASPHALT
PROPANEDEWAXING
CLAY ORHYDROGEN
FINISH
PD RAFFINATE
AROMATICEXTRACTION
SOLVENTEXTRACTION
WAX
VAC RESIDUE ASPHALT
RCO
VAC TOWER
NEUTRALDISTILLATES
WAXYRAFFINATES
DEWAXEDOILS
FINISHEDSTOCKOILS
MANUFACTURING OF LUBE BASE OILS
ADDITIVES ANTI OXIDANTS
ANTI WEAR AGENTS
DETERGENTS
DISPERSANTS
DEFOAMERS
POUR POINT DEPRESSANTS
VI IMPROVERS
DEMULSIFIERS
EXTREME PRESSURE AGENTS
RUST INHIBITOR
LUBRICATIONLUBRICATION
SURFACE ASPARITIES SURFACE ASPARITIES
DRY FRICTIONDRY FRICTION SURFACES IN DIRECT SURFACES IN DIRECT
CONTACTCONTACT SURFACES IN RELATIVE SURFACES IN RELATIVE
MOTIONMOTION PRODUCES LOT OF HEATPRODUCES LOT OF HEAT RESULTS IN MATERIAL WEARRESULTS IN MATERIAL WEAR
FLUID FRICTIONFLUID FRICTION FLUID FILM SEPARATES THE FLUID FILM SEPARATES THE
SURFACESSURFACES ONLY FRICTION IS THAT OF ONLY FRICTION IS THAT OF
THE FLUIDTHE FLUID COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION IS COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION IS
MUCH LESS THAN SOLID MUCH LESS THAN SOLID FRICTIONFRICTION
TYPES OF LUBRICATIONTYPES OF LUBRICATION
HYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATION HYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATION Cylindrical Journal BearingCylindrical Journal Bearing Main brg, Connecting rod brg of AutomotovesMain brg, Connecting rod brg of Automotoves
ELASTO HYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATION ELASTO HYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATION Ball BrgBall Brg
BOUNDARY LUBRICATION BOUNDARY LUBRICATION Gear TeethGear Teeth Valve TrainValve Train
HYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATIONHYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATION
THERE IS FLUID FILM THERE IS FLUID FILM BETWEEN THE SURFACESBETWEEN THE SURFACES
RESISTANCE RESISTANCE FRITCTION BETWEEN THE FRITCTION BETWEEN THE
FLUID & SOLID SURFACEFLUID & SOLID SURFACE INTERNAL FLUID FRICTION INTERNAL FLUID FRICTION
OF THE LIQUIDOF THE LIQUID EXAMPLE : MOST BERAINGS EXAMPLE : MOST BERAINGS
UNDER MODERATE LOAD AND UNDER MODERATE LOAD AND SPEED CONDITIONSSPEED CONDITIONS
FILM THICKNESS DEPENDS ONFILM THICKNESS DEPENDS ON SPEEDSPEED LOADLOAD VISCOSITY VISCOSITY
(ELASTO) HYDRODYNAMIC (ELASTO) HYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATIONLUBRICATION
CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICS ELASTIC DEFORMATION OF ELASTIC DEFORMATION OF
THE CONTACTING SURFACESTHE CONTACTING SURFACES HYDRODYNAMIC FORCES HYDRODYNAMIC FORCES
TRYING TO KEEP THE TRYING TO KEEP THE SURFACES AWAYSURFACES AWAY
LOAD / PRESSURE TRYING LOAD / PRESSURE TRYING TO BREAK THE FILM AND TO BREAK THE FILM AND DEFORM THE SURFACESDEFORM THE SURFACES
SURFACES ARE COMPLETELY SURFACES ARE COMPLETELY SEPARATED BY THE FILMSEPARATED BY THE FILM
CHARACTERISTIC OF EHD CHARACTERISTIC OF EHD LUBRICATION IS LOAD & HYDRO LUBRICATION IS LOAD & HYDRO DYNAMIC PRESSURE ARE INDYNAMIC PRESSURE ARE IN EQUILIBRIUMEQUILIBRIUM
MIXED LUBRICATIONMIXED LUBRICATION
AS THE SPEED INCREASES, HYDRODYNAMIC PRESSURE AS THE SPEED INCREASES, HYDRODYNAMIC PRESSURE INCREASESINCREASES
FLUID IS THERE IN BETWEEN SURFACES BUT LOAD IS NOT FLUID IS THERE IN BETWEEN SURFACES BUT LOAD IS NOT CARRIED BY THE FILMCARRIED BY THE FILM
LOAD IS SHARED BY THE FLUID FILM AND THE ASPERITES LOAD IS SHARED BY THE FLUID FILM AND THE ASPERITES (POINTS OF CONTACT)(POINTS OF CONTACT)
CONDITION IN BETWEEN BOUNDARY AND EHD CONDITION IN BETWEEN BOUNDARY AND EHD LUBRICATIONLUBRICATION
EXAMPLE : JOURNAL BEARINGS UNDER LOW SPEED AND EXAMPLE : JOURNAL BEARINGS UNDER LOW SPEED AND HIGH LOAD HIGH LOAD
Protective Boundary Film Formation and Shear
Surface-to-Surface Contact under Boundary Conditions
Protective Boundary Film Formation and Shear
REAL"CONTACT"
ROUGH COMPLAINT SURFACEROUGH COMPLAINT SURFACE
LIQUID BOUNDRYFILM
SMOOTH STIFF SURFACE
ROUGH COMPLIANT SURFACE
CHEM5 959-22-99
CLASSIFICATION OF LUBRICANTSCLASSIFICATION OF LUBRICANTS
GENERAL CATEGORIES
SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS
PHYSICAL SPECIFICATIONS
STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
USERs SPECIFICATIONS
TYPE OF BASE OIL
Based on:
GENERAL CATEGORIESGENERAL CATEGORIES
AUTOMOTIVE LUBRICANTSAUTOMOTIVE LUBRICANTS
INDUSTRIAL LUBRICANTSINDUSTRIAL LUBRICANTS
GREASESGREASES
SPECIALITY PRODUCTSSPECIALITY PRODUCTS
•TURBINE OILS•HYDRAULIC OILS•COMPRESSOR OILS•REFRIGERATION OILS•SPINDLE OILS•CYLINDER OILS•GEAR OILS•TEXTILE OILS etc
•CUTTING FLUIDS•METAL ROLLING OILS•RUBBER PROCESS OILS•RUST PREVENTIVES•HEAT TRANFER FLUIDS•METAL DRAWING COMPOUNDS•QUENCHING OILS etc
•ENGINE OILS•TRANSMISSION OILS
•WHEEL BEARING•CHASSIS•INDUSTRIAL
SPECIFIC APPLICATION
PHYSICAL SPECIFICATIONSPHYSICAL SPECIFICATIONS
VISCOSITYVISCOSITY
SAE NUMBER(10W,20W,30,40 etc)SAE NUMBER(10W,20W,30,40 etc)
ISO VG NUMBER(100,150,220,320,460,680,1000 etc)ISO VG NUMBER(100,150,220,320,460,680,1000 etc) HARDNESSHARDNESS
NLGI NUMBER(2,3 etc)NLGI NUMBER(2,3 etc)
STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
•API AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE•MIL-LU. S MILITARY SPECS•BIS INDIAN STANDARDS•ACEA ASSN DES CONSTRUCTEURS EUROPEENS DE•JASO JAPANESE AUTOMOBILE STANDARDS ORG•AGMA AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSN
VISCOSITYVISCOSITY
VISCOSITY IS THE RESITANCE OF A FLUID TO FLOWVISCOSITY IS THE RESITANCE OF A FLUID TO FLOW IT IS CAUSED BY INTERNAL FRICTION OF THE FLUIDIT IS CAUSED BY INTERNAL FRICTION OF THE FLUID ALL FLUIDS CAN BE CATEGORISED ASALL FLUIDS CAN BE CATEGORISED AS
NEWTONIAN FLUIDSNEWTONIAN FLUIDS VISCOSITY DOES NOT CHANGE WITH SHEAR OR RATE VISCOSITY DOES NOT CHANGE WITH SHEAR OR RATE
OF SHEAROF SHEAR EXAMPLES : MINERAL BASE OILS, SYNTHETIC BASE EXAMPLES : MINERAL BASE OILS, SYNTHETIC BASE
OILS, MONOGRADE OILS ETC.OILS, MONOGRADE OILS ETC. NON NEWTONIAN FLUIDSNON NEWTONIAN FLUIDS
VISCOSITY VARIES WITH RATE OF SHEAR OR SHEAR VISCOSITY VARIES WITH RATE OF SHEAR OR SHEAR STRESS UNDER WHICH IT IS MEASUREDSTRESS UNDER WHICH IT IS MEASURED
EXAMPLES : MULTIGRADE OILS EXAMPLES : MULTIGRADE OILS
VISCOSITYVISCOSITY
VISCOSITYVISCOSITY KINEMATIC VISCOSITYKINEMATIC VISCOSITY DYNAMIC VISCOSITYDYNAMIC VISCOSITY
KINEMATIC VISCOSITYKINEMATIC VISCOSITY RESISTANCE OF A FLUID RESISTANCE OF A FLUID
TO FLOW UNDER GRAVITYTO FLOW UNDER GRAVITY UNIT CENTISTOKE cSt, UNIT CENTISTOKE cSt,
SUS, MSUS, M22/S ETC/S ETC DYNAMIC VISCOSITYDYNAMIC VISCOSITY
ALSO CALLED ABSOLUTE ALSO CALLED ABSOLUTE VISCOSITYVISCOSITY
PRODUCT OF KIN VISC PRODUCT OF KIN VISC AND FLUID DENSITYAND FLUID DENSITY
UNIT CENTIPOSE cPUNIT CENTIPOSE cP
ENGINE OIL CLASSIFICATION
SAE (Viscometrics)
API (Engine & Bench Tests)
BIS (Physio chemical,Engine & Bench Tests)
CCMC/ACEA (Engine & Bench Tests)
MIL -L (Physio chemical,Engine & Bench
Tests)
TAILORMADE
Physicochemical Properties
Performance (America)
Performance (India)
Performance (Europe)
Performance (American Military)
Performance(OEMs)
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