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BIOLOGYBIOLOGY EditionEdition

Categories

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ProteinProteinSynthesisSynthesis

GeneticsGenetics Macro-Macro-moleculesmolecules

Sci Sci MethodsMethodsCellsCellsEnergyEnergy

Biology

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A: The process that requires glucose and oxygen.

$100$100Q: What is aerobic respiration?

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A: The process that uses carbon dioxide (CO2) and water to make glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen.

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Q: What is photosynthesis?

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A: Thylakoids are stacked on top of one another forming grana in this organelle responsible for photosynthesis.

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Q: What is a chloroplast?

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A: A chemical process, occurring in the absence of oxygen, that converts glucose to pyruvic acid which is then converted to lactic acid.

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Q: What is fermentation (anaerobic respiration)?

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A: The Krebs cycle and electron transport chain take place in the matrix and inner membrane of this organelle.

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Q: What is the mitochondria?

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A: A large organelle located near the center of a cell that houses the cell’s DNA.

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Q: What is the nucleus?

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A: A type of cell that contains a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

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Q: What is a eukaryotic cell?

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A: The passive transport of water across a membrane.

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Q: What is osmosis?

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A: This organelle is the “garbage disposal” of the cell, breaking down old organelles, foreign substances, etc.

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Q: What is a lysosome?

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A: These organelles organize the synthesis of proteins; may be “free” in the cytoplasm or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum.

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Q: What are ribosomes?

$100$100A: The molecule in a cell responsible

for storing and transmitting genetic information (info for making proteins); has the shape of a double-helix.

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Q: What is DNA?

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A: The complementary base pairs in DNA.

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Q: What are guanine-cytosine and adenine-thymine?

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A: The molecules that are linked together to make a protein.

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Q: What are amino acids?

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A: The type of RNA that has an anticodon and brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

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Q: What is tRNA?

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A: The process by which information in DNA is copied to a molecules of mRNA.

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Q: What is transcription?

$100$100A: Is represented with a lowercase

letter.

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Q: What is a recessive allele?

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A: The process in which an egg cell and sperm cell fuse to form a zygote.

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Q: What is fertilization?

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A: The fraction of offspring resulting from a Bb x bb cross that should have blond hair.

B = brown hairb = blond hair

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Q: What is one half (50%)?

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A: The condition in which a person has 2 alleles that are the same for a trait.

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Q: What what is homozygous?

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A: A picture of a child’s chromosomes that is used to determine if a child has a genetic disorder, such as Down’s syndrome (extra chromosome #21).

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Q: What is a karyotype?

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A: This is the one variable that differs between the control group and experimental group.

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Q: What is the independent variable?

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A: Observations that deal with data that can be represented as numbers.

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A: What are quantitative observations?

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A: An observation that describes the qualities or characteristics of something.

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Q: What is a qualitative observation?

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A: The process that allows humans to use bacteria to produce large quantities of things like insulin and human growth hormone.

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Q: What is genetic engineering?

$500$500A: The process that uses restriction

enzymes to cut DNA and then separates the fragments by size using gel electrophoresis.

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Q: What is DNA Fingerprinting?

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A: An organic molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; the hydrogen and oxygen are in a 2:1 ratio, like water.

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Q: What a carbohydrate?

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A: The monomers (“building blocks”) that make up nucleic acids, DNA and RNA.

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Q: What are nucleotides?

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A: An organic compound with a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail; organizes into a bilayer which makes up the cell membrane.

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Q: What is a lipid?

$400$400A: The contestant on the right, who is

currently losing, will win $400 if she can name the reaction that builds polymers.

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Q: What is a dehydration synthesis reaction?

(a.k.a.: condensation reaction)

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A: Enzymes, molecules that speed up the rates of chemical reactions, belong to this class of macromolecules.

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Q: What are proteins?