cameron_student intern presentation 2016
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Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. SAND NO. 2011-XXXXP
MicrobialFuelCellPossibilitiesonAmericanIndianTribalLands
KimberlynnCameronSouthDakotaSchoolofMines&Technology
SAND2016-7820 PE
Aboutme
South Dakota School of Mines & TechnologyMajors: MS Civil & Environmental Engineering
MS Engineering Management May 2017
Degree: BS Geological Engineering, May 2014
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Background§ AmericanIndianlands
comprises~2%ofUSandcontains~5%ofallrenewableenergyresources.
§ Totaltechnicalpotentialontriballands~21billionMWh.
§ Wasteasrenewablevs.wasteconservation?
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1,100millionMWh 7million
MWh4millionMWh
5millionMWh
GraphfromDOEOfficeofIndianEnergy2017BudgetRolloutPowerPointPresentation.
WastetoEnergy
§ Generatingenergyintheformofelectricityand/orheatfromtheincinerationofwaste.
§ Processes:Thermal&Non-thermal§ Thermal:
§ Depolymerization§ Gasification§ Pyrolysis§ Plasmaarcgasification
§ Non-thermal:§ Anaerobicdigestion
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FigurefromGlobalRe-EnergyWebsite: www.globalre-energy.com/about-waste-to-energy-facilities/
ForestCountyPotawatomiCommunity§ A2MWanaerobicdigesterandbiogasgenerationfacility.
§ convertsfoodwasteintoelectricitypower1,500homes
§ Long-termenergygoaltoreduceitscarbonfootprinttozero.§ Assumedaleadershiproleincreatingasustainableandhealthyworld§ 2014:RankedamongtheTop100andTop30LocalGovernmentgreen
powerusers
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MicrobialFuelCell(MFC)Technology
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§ MFCsrequire“fuel.”§ Organicwaste,foodwaste,
wastewater§ MFCsarefedwiththewastewater
containingboththefuelandthebacteriaresponsible foritsdegradation.
§ MFCbacteriawilloxidizethefuelandusetheanodeasanexternalelectronacceptor.
§ Electricalpowerisgeneratedbytheelectronsflowing fromtheanodethrough anelectricalcircuittothecathode,wherethereductionofanelectronacceptor(oxygen)occurs.
§ Atthecathode,theprotonsandelectronscombinewithoxygentocreatewater.
§ Fourparts:anode,cathode,protonexchangemembrane(PEM),externalcircuit
Diagram fromAvantiCorporationwebsite:http://www.avanticorporation.com/green-remediation/
WastewaterTreatment§ Typesoftreatment:
§ Physical,BiologicalandChemical
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§ Energyconsumption:§ ~3%oftotalU.S.
electricityconsumption
§ Treatingandpumpingofwaterrequiressubstantialamountsofpower§ ~80%oftotalenergyusedisfrom
transportationofwater
Diagram fromtheUniversityofMichiganCenterforSustainableSystemswebsite:http://css.snre.umich.edu/css_doc/CSS04-14.pdf
RelativeEnergyDistributionofWastewaterTreatmentProcesses
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§ Basedonsecondarywastewatertreatmentplant(7MGD)
Graphfromwebsite:http://tnenvironment.com/Pres12/MooreL.pdf
PotentialBenefitsandPracticalChallenges
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Benefits: Challenges:§ Initialcapitalinvestment,
operationandmaintenanceexpensesassociatedwithenergy,chemicalsandmaterialsconsumption,anddeterioratedperformanceduringlong-termoperation
§ ScalingupanMFCsystemforrealworldapplication
§ Weakcurrentgenerationwhensingular
Figurefrom“Towardssustainablewastewater treatment byusingmicrobialfuelcells-centeredtechnologies”articlebyW.Li.
Example:CompletedCaseStudyforMilan-NosedoWastewaterTreatmentPlant
§ Variableoutput;smallestMFCsshowedbetterperformances
§ LimitofscalingupMFCssuitableforstacksystemandtoimprovetheproducedpower. 10
FiguresfromEnergy balanceandmicrobialfuelcellsexperimentationatwastewatertreatment plantMilano-Nosedoarticle byE.Martinucci.
Example:PrototypeCompletedbyPennStateResearchTeam§ Proofofconceptdevicethatcangenerate0.9kWhof
electricityperkgoforganicwaste.§ Plantsthatconsume,onaverage,1.2kWhperkgofwaste,can
produceapositiveamountofcurrentwhilecontinuingtoperformtheirconventionalfunction.
§ DevicecombinesanMFCwithareverseelectrodialysissystem—whichseparatesionsinaseriesofmembranes.
§ MFC'sintheproofofconceptalsoactasafinalcleaningstageinthe wastewatertreatmentprocess.
§ Organicmattertreatedmuchfaster.
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WhyMicrobialFuelCells(MFCs)?§ Wastetoenergytechnology§ MFCsusebacteria toconvertorganicmatter(fuel)directly
intoelectricity.§ Reduction/eliminationofmethaneproduced/transported
§ Reductionofsludgeandremovalofaerationprocess.§ Reductionofenergyconsumptionandsolidwasteremoval
§ Organicmattertreatedquicker.§ Emergingtechnologywithpotentialforpositiveimpactand
technologicaladvancements.§ ApplicationofMFCstotribalapplication.
§ Managingwastewatertopotentiallyuseasaformofenergy.
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FutureWork
§ Collectionofdataonwastewatertreatmentinfrastructureontriballands.§ Collectionofdataforenergyconsumptionontriballands.
§ DetermineMFCpotentialontriballandsusingwastewaterasarenewableresource§ Determinequantityofmunicipalwastewater§ QuantifyingtheamountofGibbsfreeenergyavailableinthewaste
compoundinordertoestimatetheelectricpowerthancanbegenerated.
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PilamayeTanka!
§ DepartmentofEnergy- OfficeofIndianEnergy§ SandiaNationalLaboratories§ SandraBegay§ FellowIndianEnergyInterns:
§ LenNecefer,TommyJones,RachaelGutierrez
§ SDSM&TFaculty:§ Dr.JenniferBenning,Dr.V.Gadhamshetty
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References§ http://www.globalre-energy.com/about-waste-to-energy-facilities/§ http://www.genomenviron.org/Research/MFC.html§ http://water.usgs.gov/edu/wwvisit.html§ http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/articles/2014/01/an-independent-engineering-
evaluation-of-waste-to-energy-technologies.html§ http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/waste-to-energy.php§ http://energy.gov/indianenergy/articles/forest-county-potawatomi-recognized-renewable-energy-
achievements§ http://gizmodo.com/5891157/new-microbial-fuel-cells-could-turn-sewage-plants-into-power-
plants§ http://tnenvironment.com/Pres12/MooreL.pdf§ http://www.lewwtp.org/§ http://www.avanticorporation.com/green-remediation/§ http://www.hoffmanandlamson.com/applications/wastewater.aspx§ http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/triple_aqa/humans_and_environment/biofuel
s/revision/4/§ https://www.edf.org/energy/methaneleakage§ http://www.ecovillage.org.in/ecopedia/alternate-energy/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-biogas§ http://energy.gov/indianenergy/articles/forest-county-potawatomi-recognized-renewable-energy-
achievements§ http://www.bia.gov/FAQs/ 15
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