ch 5 – prenatal care
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Ch 5 – Prenatal CareChild Growth and Development
Fact of Fiction? http://
tlc.howstuffworks.com/family/pregnancy-quiz1.htm
Signs of Pregnancy Presumptive signs
Either signs of pregnancy OR signs of a medical condition
Positive signs Signs that are definitely caused by
pregnancy
Presumptive Signs Amenorrhea (menstruation stops) Nausea Tiredness Frequency of urination Swelling and tenderness of the
breasts Skin discoloration Internal changes Other signs
Positive Signs Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) Fetal heartbeat Fetal movement Fetal image Fetal shape Uterine contractions
Pregnancy Tests Home tests or laboratory tests work by
detecting a hormone (HcG) that is present only in women who are pregnant
Generally, around 97-99% accuracy one week after a missed period
Medical Care Why?
To make childbearing safe and successful Obstetrician- doctors who specialize in
pregnancy and birth
First Prenatal Appointment First prenatal appointment is the longest
prenatal appointment. It sets a foundation for medical care throughout the pregnancy
gather health history
complete physical exam
check blood pressure
First Prenatal Appointment
blood test to test for Rh factor, anemia, and STIs
urine sample taken to check for kidney infections and gestational diabetes
Pap smear to check for STIs and cervical cancer
give estimate of due date
give advice on health habits to follow in pregnancy
Frequency of Doctor Appointments
# of months pregnant # of doctors visits 0-7 months once a month8 months every two weeks9 months every week
Factors That Affect the Baby’s Health Mother’s age Rh factor Mother’s physical health Mother’s emotional health
Mother’s Age Most ideal time between 21–28 years Teens are high-risk mothers-to-be
tend to have babies who are premature, have low birthweights, have disabilities, or are born dead
Women over 36 have higher rate of babies with health problems and disabilities
Rh Factor Rh factor is a protein substance found in
red blood cells of about 85% of the population
Problems if father is Rh+, mother Rh- 12% of all marriages
Does not affect first Rh+ unborn antibodies form to combat foreign Rh+
Anti-Rh-immune globulin vaccine
Mother’s Physical Health Healthy weight for age, height, and
body type Good eating habits Regular physical activity
Mother’s Emotional Health When a mother is happy and relaxed,
adrenaline level is low heartbeat and breathing are slow muscles are relaxed
When a mother is under stress, heartbeat and muscle tension increases in both mother and baby
Write a letter to your future self about the importance of
good health habits during pregnancy. State specific
things your need to do and change.
Health Habits During Pregnancy Nutrition Weight gain Rest and sleep Physical activity
Nutrition By the twelfth week, baby completely
depends on mother for food Cells need proteins, fats, carbohydrates,
minerals, and vitamins Follow the food guidance system
developed by the USDA Drink eight 8-ounce glasses of water Limit caffeine intake
Weight Gain Between 25–35 pounds More for multiples
40–45 pounds for twins Exact amount depends on height and
pre-pregnancy weight
Where does the weight come from?
Baby 7.5 pounds Uterus 2.0 pounds Placenta 1.5 pounds Amniotic Fluid 2.0 pounds Blood 3.5 pounds Breast Growth 1.5 pounds Fat and Protein 4.0 pounds Fluid Retention 4.0 pounds
Average weight gain 26 pounds
Rest and Sleep Eight to nine hours of sleep a night One 15- to 30-minute rest (with or
without sleep) during the day
Physical Activity Activity helps
keep weight within normal limits strengthens muscles women use in
delivery increases energy relieves tension
Avoid contact sports, activities that jolt the pelvic region, and activities that could result in falls
Health Hazards to Avoid Diseases or illnesses in the mother Drugs
recreational and prescription Radiation exposure
medical X-rays should be avoided Environmental pollution
lead, chemicals, pesticides, herbicides
Diseases or Illnesses in the Mother Diabetes is caused by the body’s
inability to use sugar properly gestational diabetes affects women who
did not have diabetes before pregnancy Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension
(PIH) is high blood pressure caused by pregnancy referred to as preeclampsia or toxemia
Diseases or Illnesses in the Mother Sexually transmitted infections
(STIs) are infectious illnesses that are passed primarily through sexual intercourse also known as sexually transmitted
diseases (STDs) acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS)
Drugs Medications
prescribed over-the-counter dietary supplements herbal products
Alcohol fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
Nicotine Illegal drugs
Complications Congenital problem is a physical or
biochemical problem present since birth Pre-term birth is before 37 weeks of
pregnancy Miscarriage is the expulsion of the
baby before 20 weeks of pregnancy stillbirth is the loss of the fetus after 20
weeks of pregnancy
Complications Ectopic pregnancy in fallopian tubes Too much amniotic fluid Too little amniotic fluid Bleeding in late pregnancy Placenta abruptio (placenta detaches
from uterus) Placenta previa (placenta over cervix) Pregnancy-induced hypertension
Monitoring the Baby’s Development Blood test given at 12 weeks is called a
triple-screen measures AFP (alpha-fetoprotein), HCG
(human chorionic gonadotropin), and estriol (protein found during pregnancy)
screens for neural tube defects, Down syndrome, and severe abnormalities
Other blood tests screen for STIs and gestational diabetes
Monitoring the Baby’s Development Ultrasound produces an image of the
fetus inside the womb checks for structural abnormalities used at any time safe and routine
Month-by-Month Pregnancy Activity Nine groups – 1 group for each month of
pregnancy. Use the same month as before. Must include:
an overall description of what occurs during that month
At least five facts At least 3 pictures Must be neat and professional. Take your
time and make it look good! You will be presenting these.
FASIn what ways do the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome baby and Drug Addicted baby act and look different from a normal baby?
After seeing the effects of FAS, what would you do if you saw a pregnant woman drinking?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X9ap3Iimimk http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=31M_GDVYLe0&feature=related (3:03)
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