chpt 1 test- pg #30 microscope lab #1 –pg 38 epithelial tissue matching- pg 40 case vignette:...

• Chpt 1 Test- pg #30• Microscope Lab #1 –pg 38• Epithelial Tissue Matching- Pg 40• Case Vignette: Brutus – Pg 41• Simple Epithelial Micro Lab- Pg 42• Stratified Epithelial Micro Lab – pg 43• Notebook Check-pg 44• Label pg 45 “Epithelial Tissue Quiz”

• NO LOOSE PAPERS!!!!!!

Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 47

Topic: Ch. 5 Connective Tissue

Essential Question:Describe the general characteristics and functions of Connective tissue. Make a tree map of the three major cell types (on top of pg 46)

Don’t forget to add it to your T.O.Contents!

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

Ch. 5 Connective Tissue

Describe the general characteristics and functions of Connective tissue. Make a tree map of the three major cell types

Connective Tissues: Comprise much of the body and are the most abundant type of tissue

Bind structures provide support and protection fill spaces store fat produce blood cells protect against infection help repair tissue damage

* Farther apart than epithelial tissue• C.T. has an extracellular matrix between tissue

cells. This matrix consists of fibers and a ground substance whose consistency varies from fluid to semisolid to solid

• Can usually divide and in most cases have a good blood supply and are well nourished

• Bone/cartilage- rigid

• Loose C.T. such as areolar, adipose, and dense C.T.- flexible

Connective Tissue: Major Cell Types• The fibroblast is the most common

kind of fixed cell in CT. – Produce fibers by secreting protein.

Stay in C.T. for extended periods of time

Macrophages originate as white blood cells. Usually attached to fibers, can detach and move. Scavenger cells.

Mast cells are large and widely distributed. Located near blood vessels.

Release heparin to prevent blood clotting and histamine to promote reactions to asthma and hay fever.

5.1 Clinical Application Questions

• What did scientists find when they looked beyond the collagens in the matrix?

• What is the basement membrane composed of?

• What happens if the balance of the components of the ECM are off?

• Name and explain one of the three diseases that can result.

Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 49

Topic: Ch. 5 Connective Tissue

Essential Question:1. Differentiate between

loose connective tissue and dense tissue.

2. Distinguish between reticular and elastic connective tissue.

Don’t forget to add it to your T.O.Contents!

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

Ch. 5 Categories of Connective Tissue

1. Differentiate between loose connective tissue and dense tissue.

2. Distinguish between reticular and elastic connective tissue.

Connective Tissue: Fibers1. Collagenous fibers are thick strands

of collagen, which is the major structural protein of the body. Appear white.

flexible, can resist force

Ex: ligaments and tendons

2. Elastic fibers are bundles of microfibrils embedded in elastin (a protein). Appear yellow. Can be stretched and deformed and will resume their shape

Weaker than collagenous fibers but more elastic.

Found in vocal cords and air passages. (Where elasticity is needed).

Categories of Connective Tissue• Loose connective tissue (areolar) forms delicate,

thin membranes throughout the body. Cells are mainly widely scattered fibroblasts

separated by a gel-like ground substance that contains many collagenous and elastic fibers.

Binds skin to underlying organs and fills spaces between muscles. Also beneath epithelium.

Figure 05.18

Figure 05.18a

Loose (areolar) Connective Tissue

• Adipose (fat) tissue Certain cells within CT store fat within their cytoplasm.

Lies beneath the skin, between muscles, around the kidneys, in the abdomen, and around the heart.

Cushions joints and some organs. Insulates beneath the skin.

Figure 05.19

Figure 05.19a

Adipose (fat) Connective Tissue

• Reticular CT is composed of thin, collagenous fibers.

Supports the walls of the liver, spleen, and lymphatic organs.

Figure 05.20

Figure 05.20b

Figure 05.20a

Reticular Connective Tissue

• Dense CT consists of closely packed, thick, collagenous fibers that can withstand pulling forces. Blood supply poor

Make up Tendons and ligaments

Figure 05.21

Dense Connective Tissue

• Elastic CT consists mainly of yellow, elastic fibers.

Found in attachments between vertebrae and within the walls of the heart, larger arteries, and the larger airways.

Figure 05.22

Figure 05.22b

Elastic Connective Tissue

• Cartilage is a rigid connective tissue. Largely composed of collagenous fibers in a gel-like ground substance.

Support, frameworks, attachments, protects underlying tissue, forms structural models for many developing bones.

Cartilage cells (chondrocytes) occupy chambers called lucunae.

Cartilage lacks a direct blood supply.

Connective TissueCategories

• Hyaline cartilage is the most common type of cartilage. Ends of bones, in the nose, and in respiratory passages.

An embryo’s skeleton begin as hyaline cartilage “models” that bone replaces.

Connective TissueCategories

• Elastic cartilage is very flexible. Contains many elastic fibers.

Ears and parts of the larynx.

Connective TissueCategories

• Fibrocartilage is very tough. Contains many collagenous fibers. Acts as a shock absorber.

Intervertebral disks.

Connective TissueCategories

• Bone is the most rigid connective tissue. Hardness is due to mineral salts (calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate). Also contains a large amount of collagen for toughness.

Bone supports, forms blood cells, and protects.

Bone matrix is deposited by osteocytes (bone cells), which form concentric patterns called an osteon.

Connective TissueCategories

• Blood is composed of cells suspended in a fluid called blood plasma.

Cells are red blood cells, white blood cells, and cellular fragments called platelets.

RBCs transport gases. WBCs fight infection. Platelets are involved in blood clotting.

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Connective TissuesGeneral characteristics -

• most abundant tissue type• many functions

• bind structures• provide support and protection• serve as frameworks• fill spaces• store fat• produce blood cells• protect against infections• help repair tissue damage

• have a matrix• have varying degrees of vascularity• have cells that usually divide

39

Connective Tissue Major Cell Types

Fibroblasts• fixed cell• most common cell • large, star-shaped• produce fibers

Macrophages• wandering cell• phagocytic• important in injury

or infection

Mast cells• fixed cell• release heparin• release histamine

40

Connective Tissue Fibers

Collagenous fibers• thick• composed of collagen• great tensile strength • abundant in dense CT• hold structures together• tendons, ligaments

Elastic fibers• bundles of

microfibrils embedded in elastin

• fibers branch• elastic• vocal cords, air

passagesReticular fibers

• very thin collagenous fibers• highly branched• form supportive networks

41

Connective Tissues

Connective tissue proper• loose connective tissue• adipose tissue• reticular connective tissue• dense connective tissue• elastic connective tissue

Specialized connective tissue• cartilage• bone• blood

42

Connective Tissues

Loose connective tissue• mainly fibroblasts• fluid to gel-like matrix• collagenous fibers• elastic fibers• bind skin to structures• beneath most epithelia• blood vessels nourish

nearby epithelial cells• between muscles

Adipose tissue• adipocytes• cushions• insulates• store fats• beneath skin• behind eyeballs• around kidneys and heart

43

Connective Tissues

Reticular connective tissue• composed of reticular fibers• supports internal organ walls• walls of liver, spleen,

lymphatic organs

Dense connective tissue• packed collagenous fibers• elastic fibers• few fibroblasts• bind body parts together• tendons, ligaments, dermis• poor blood supply

44

Connective Tissues

Elastic connective tissue• abundant in elastic fibers• some collagenous fibers• fibroblasts• attachments between bones• walls of large arteries, airways, heart

Bone (Osseous Tissue)• solid matrix• supports• protects• forms blood cells• attachment for muscles• skeleton• osteocytes in lacunae

45

Connective Tissues

Cartilage• rigid matrix• chondrocytes in lacunae• poor blood supply• three types

• hyaline• elastic• fibrocartilage

Hyaline cartilage• most abundant• ends of bones• nose, respiratory passages• embryonic skeleton

Elastic cartilage• flexible• external ear, larynx

Fibrocartilage• very tough• shock absorber• intervertebral discs• pads of knee and pelvic girdle

46

Connective Tissues

Three types of cartilage

Hyaline Cartilage Elastic Cartilage

Fibrocartilage

47

Connective Tissues

Blood• fluid matrix called plasma• red blood cells• white blood cells• platelets• transports• defends• involved in clotting• throughout body in blood

vessels• heart