cyborgs

CYBORGABHIJITH KRISHNA GLU11CW001

TECHNICAL SEMINAR II

WHAT IS A CYBORG ?

A CYBORG IS A CYBERNATIC ORGANISM

THE TERM CYBORG IS DEFINED AS AN ORGANISM THAT IS A SELF REGULATING INTEGRATION OF ARTIFICIAL AND NATURAL SYSTEMS.

A HUMAN CYBORG IS A HUMAN WHO HAS CERTAIN PHYSIOGICAL PROCESSES AIDED OR CONTROLLED BY MECHANICAL OR ELECTRONIC DEVICES.

ANALOGY WITH HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM

The human nervous system contains: 1. A Central Nervous System (CNS) - where information is

processed. Our central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord.

2. A Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - a highway which allows signals to travel between the cns and the body's receptors and effectors

Since the nerve conduction is in the form of electrical signals, this opens up a possibility of intercepting, interpreting and processing them with the help of machine interfaces.Neural impulses at the nerve endings, transmitting them to a database, correlating them to existing data and modulating it to a desired effect.

History of cyborg

In 1960 Manfred Clynes and Nathan Kline coined the term Cyborg.

In 1967, Dr Steve Mann made eyetap glasses.

This glass not only helped for a clear vision but also one of its function is a wearable face recognizer to help people with Alzheimer's recognize and remember and see things, or people with visual memory disability find their way around .

Goal of this project is to help people see better and remember things better.

Types of cyborg

INDIVIDUAL CYBORG : i. Cyborgs is used to refer to a man or woman

with bionic or robotic implants ii.Today,the C-LEG system is used to replace

human legs that are amputated because of injuries or illness

SOCIAL CYBORG: i. More broadly, the full term “CYBernetic ORGanism” is used to describe larger networks of communication and control ii. A corporation can be considered as an artificial intelligence that makes uses of replaceable human components to function

Kevin warwick Kevin Warwick is Professor of Cybernetics at the University of Reading

The world's leading expert in cybernetics,Mainly interested in connecting human brain with machine brain.

He is the world’s first human cyborg, he implanted microchips under his arms so that he could easily communicate with computers and electronic devices at his laboratory.

He and his team of scientists have created robot with a rat brain, implanting microchips, bionic devices etc.

PROJECT CYBORG 1.0

This involved a simple RFID transmitter being implanted beneath Warwick's skin, and used to control doors, lights, heaters, and other computer-controlled devices based on his proximity.

The main purpose of this experiment was said to be to test the limits of what the body would accept, and how easy it would be to receive a meaningful signal from the chip

HOW CAN IT BE USEFUL ?

It gives you a unique code.

It is quite possible for an implant to replace an access, visa or bankers card

An implant could carry huge amounts of data on an individual, such as national insurance number and blood type, bank account information etc.

Used to clock in and out of office automatically.

Project cyborg 2.0 In 2002 a one hundred

electrode array was surgically implanted into the median nerve fibres of the left arm of Professor Kevin Warwick.

A number of experiments have been carried out using the signals detected by the array.

As a result of this professor warwick was able to control light, electric wheel chair and an intelligent artificial hand.

RESULT OF CYBORG 2.0 By means of the implant,

Warwick's nervous system was connected onto the internet in Columbia University, New York.

From there he was able to control the robot arm in the University of Reading and to obtain feedback from sensors in the finger tips.

The experiment proved successful, and the signal produced was detailed enough that a robot arm was able to mimic the actions of Warwick's own arm

In medical field

Two different types of Cyborgs:-

Restorative technologies “restore lost functions, organs and limbs”.

Enhanced Cyborg follows principle of optimal performance that is maximizing output and minimizing input.

IN THE MILITARY The “cyborg soldier” often

refers to soldier whose weapon and survival systems are integrated into the self, creating a human-machine interface.

Military organizations research has recently focused on the utilization of cyborg animals for inter-species relationships for the purposes of a supposed a tactical advantage.

CYBORG INSESTS

DARPA has announced its interest in developing “cyborg insects” to transmit data from sensors implanted into the insect during the Pupal stage.

The insects motion would be controlled from a MEMS, or and would conceivably survive an environment and detect explosives or gas.

A robot powered by rat brain

advantages

Giving artificial sight to blind people.

Would be implemented in almost all fields where human interaction is needed.

Diseases could be analyzed and cured in terms of neural impulse signals.

To establish intercommunication between two or more peoples without using speech.

disadvantages

Training is needed for doctors

Implants are expensive

Psychological problems

Feeling different to everyone else

The risk of infection

conclusionThe use of such technology will upgrade human turning them into Cyborgs, presents a much more difficult problem.

Who gets an implant and who doesn’t? Who controls their use? Indeed should humans be allowed to upgrade their capabilities and ‘super humans’?

Humans now have the potential to control another aspect of their own destiny. It will be interesting to see how quickly and easily this will be brought about.