diverse children: race, ethnicity, and immigration in america’s new non-majority generation by...

Diverse Children: Race, Ethnicity, and Immigration in

America’s New Non-Majority Generationby

Donald J. Hernandez, Ph.D.Hunter College, City University of New York

Donald.Hernandez@hunter.cuny.edu

Congressional Briefing:Children of Immigrants and Improving

Outcomes for America’s New Non-Majority Child Population

Sponsored byRepresentative Judy Chu,

the Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus, the

Congressional Hispanic Caucus, and the Congressional Black Caucus

in cooperation with The Foundation for Child Development & First Focus

Slide 2. IntroductionFirst-ever report for U.S. comparing well-being

… for children with immigrant parents… to children with U.S.-born parents,

… for White, Hispanic, Black, and Asian children

19 indicators focused on:* Educational attainments* Health* Family economic resources * Demographics

Slide 3. Diversity among U.S. Children

• A majority of births are to non-White mothers

• 25% of all children have at least one immigrant parent

• 94% of children with immigrant parents, have origins in Latin America, Asia, Africa, or the Caribbean

• 89% of children with immigrant parents are U.S. citizens

• By 2018 a majority of children will belong to non-White minority groups

Slide 4. Data Sources for 19 Indicators

• National Assessment of Educational Progress

• Current Population Survey (micro data)

• National Health Interview Survey (micro data)

• National Vital Statistics System (micro data)

Slide 5. Children of Immigrants as a Percentage of

Four Race-Ethnic Groups

• 8% of Whites (1-in-12)

• 14% of Blacks (1-in-7)

• 59% of Hispanics (Nearly 6-in-10)

• 87% of Asians (Nearly 9-in-10)

Slide 6 Percent Not Proficient in

Reading, U.S. 4th Grade Students: 2011

Source: Hernandez and Napierala (2013)

Slide 7. Percent Not Proficient in Mathematics,

U.S. 4th Grade Students: 2011

Source: Hernandez and Napierala (2013)

Slide 8. Percent Enrolled in

PreKindergarten, U.S. Children Ages 3-4: 2010

Source: Hernandez and Napierala (2013)

Slide 9. Percent with Secure Parental Employment, U.S. Children: 2010

Source: Hernandez and Napierala (2013)

Slide 10. Percent in One-Parent Families, U.S. Children: 2010

Source: Hernandez and Napierala (2013)

Slide 11. Percent with Low Birthweight, U.S. Births: 2009

Source: Hernandez and Napierala (2013)

Slide 12. Infant Mortality Rate, Deaths under Age 1, per 1,000 Births,

U.S.: 2007

Source: Hernandez and Napierala (2013)

Slide 13. Child Mortality Rate,Deaths to Children Ages 1-19

per 100,000: 2009

Source: Hernandez and Napierala (2013)

Slide 14. Percent Not Covered by Health Insurance,

U.S. Children: 2010

Source: Hernandez and Napierala (2013)

Slide 15. Percent in Poverty, U.S. Children:

2010

Source: Hernandez and Napierala (2013)

Slide 16. Percent in Poverty or Near-Poverty, U.S. Children: 2010

Source: Hernandez and Napierala (2013)

Slide 17. Conclusions• Children of immigrants more often have

two-parent families, a securely employed parent, and healthy birth outcomes.

• But they have lower rates of enrollment in PreKindergarten and health insurance.

• For all groups, poverty it too high, reading and math proficiency are too low, PreKindergarten enrollment is too low, and health insurance coverage is too low.

• Hispanic and Black children fare especially poorly on poverty, secure parental employment, education, and later health.

• Additional investments are needed in all children, especially children of immigrants and Hispanic and Black children.

Diverse Children: Race, Ethnicity, and Immigration in

America’s New Non-Majority Generationby

Donald J. Hernandez, Ph.D.Hunter College, City University of New York

Donald.Hernandez@hunter.cuny.edu

Congressional Briefing:Children of Immigrants and Improving

Outcomes for America’s New Non-Majority Child Population

Sponsored byRepresentative Judy Chu,

the Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus, the

Congressional Hispanic Caucus, and the Congressional Black Caucus

in cooperation with The Foundation for Child Development & First Focus