emerging contaminants in our water resources research ... emerging contaminants for posting.pdf ·...
Post on 30-Apr-2018
220 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Emerging Contaminants in our WaterResources: Research-Assessment-Monitoring
New Jersey Water Monitoring andAssessment Technical WorkshopApril 20, 2006
Herb BuxtonCoordinator, Toxic SubstancesHydrology Program
• Human Drugs• Vet. Drugs• Antibiotics• Hormones• Steroids• Detergents• Plastics
• Antioxidants• Fire retardants• Disinfectants• Fumigants• Fragrances• Insecticides/ Repellants
Emerging Contaminants?PPCP’s
EDC’s
PhAC’s
HAA’s
OWC’s
New and understudied contaminants!
How do we decide whichchemicals to look for?
• Quantities produced/used.• Pathways for chemical release.• Anticipated environ’tal behavior.• Health significance.• Potential as indicators/tracers.• Ability to measure.• Stakeholder priorities.
• WWTF• CSOs• ISDS• Industrial Disch.• Landfills• Water Reuse.
Human Waste Pathways
Animal Agriculture Waste lagoons Land application Processing Aquaculture
Animal Waste Pathways
The Important Questions• What compounds enter the environment
and from what sources?• At what levels are they found?• In what mixtures?• In what media (water, sediment, tissue)?• Do they persist and accumulate?• Do they transform and to what?• Do they pose an ecological health risk?• Do they pose a human health risk?
• Methods Development.• Occurrence and Source
Pathways.• Transport & Fate.• Ecological
Effects.
USGS Priorities
158 Compounds in Water
• 45 Antibiotics
• 20 Human Drugs
• 14 Hormones and Steroids
• 79 Household and Industrial Compounds
83 Compounds in Sediment
• 3 Antibiotics
• 19 Human Drugs
• 61 Household and Industrial Compounds
• Methods Development
New Methods Priorities• SSRI’s• Flourochemicals• Hormones• Antibiotics• Statins• Benzodiazepenes• Cox II inhibitors• Algal Toxins
• AdditionalEnvironmentalMedia
• Lower ReportingLevels
II. Occurrence& SourcePathways
Stream Recon 99-00GW Recon 00-01
springsumpwell
What have we learned?• Present at low concentrations in water.
• Present as mixtures (up to 38 in 1sample).
• A wide range of compounds and classesreflect a range of human activities &inputs.
• The compounds and concentrationsdetected depend on the media sampled.
Source Characterization StudiesHuman: septic tanks, municipalbiosolids, municipal effluents,municipal holding ponds, hospitalwaste.
Animal Agric: poultry, swine, dairy,beef cow operations, foodprocessing plants, aquaculture.
III. Transport & Fate- Transport processes
- Environmental media
- Degradation byproducts
- Persistence
Dye Injection
Trailing Edge
Fourmile Creek, IA
Tracer Tests
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Sul
fam
etho
xazo
le
Cod
eine
Cot
inin
e
Trim
etho
prim
Deh
ydro
nife
dipi
ne
Dilt
iaze
m
Ace
tam
inop
hen
Ran
itidi
ne
Caf
fein
e
Dip
henh
ydra
min
e
Car
bam
azap
ine
Cim
etid
ine
Met
form
in
Ery
thro
myc
in
Thia
bend
azol
e
Fluo
xetin
e
Gem
fibro
zil
Mic
onaz
ole
Per
cent
Det
ecte
dWater (30) Sediment (36)
Are they in the water or sediments?
WWTP Study:10 Plants, US/DS
DEETga
laxoli
de (H
HCB)ton
alide
(AHTN)
tributy
lphos
phate
triclos
an
Freq
uenc
y of
Det
ectio
n (%
)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Med
ian
Con
cent
ratio
n (μ
g/ L
)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2Upstream Effluent Downstream 1 Downstream 2 median
ES&T, 2005, v. 39, n. 14, p. 5157-5169
Transport and Fate Study inBoulder Creek CO
Upstream Site
Downstream Sites
Boulder Creek Studies
WWTP
0
5
10
15
20
25
Upstream EffluentDischarge
Downstream1
Downstream2
ParoxetineNorsertralineSertralineNorfluoxetineFluoxetine
Site 1 Site 2
Con
cent
ratio
n (n
g/L)
Paroxetine Metabolite,Fluvoxamine, and
Duloxetine not detected.
dete
cted
, but
not
abov
e th
e LO
Q.
Antidepressants in Boulder Creek“Minor Players”
Preliminary Data
Antidepressants in Boulder Creek
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Upstream Effluent
Discharge
Downstream Site
1
Downstream Site
2
Venlafaxine
Bupropion
Citalopram
Con
cent
ratio
n (n
g/L)
“Major Players”
dete
cted
, but
not
abov
e th
e LO
Q.
Preliminary Data
IV. Health Effects- Endocrine Disruption
- Antibiotic Resistance
- Chemical Mixtures
- Pathogens
- Other EcologicalEffects
External Deformities
Cellular Abnormalities
male
female
Intersex
Boulder Creek Transport Fateand Effects Studies
<0.8
2.11.4
2.9
1.2
E2 Concentrations, ng/L
Boulder Creek Studies
Attenuation of estrogenic activity, 4/19/05
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
BC-75 BC-EFF BC-DC BC-107
EEQ
(as
ng/L
E2)
Ethinyl estradiolEstrone17beta-estradiol
Upstream Effluent DS 1 DS 2
Preliminary Data
WWTP Effluent andEndocrine Disruption
Hypothalamus
Pituitary Liver
Gonads
White sucker (Catostomus commersoni)
(Norris and others, 2004)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Up
Dow
n
Up
Dow
n
Up
Dow
n
Up
Dow
n
Mar 2 02 Oct 17 02 Sep 23 03 Jun 18 04
Sex,
in P
erce
nt
Female Male Intersex
Intersex: S. Branch Potomac, 2004
0102030405060708090
100
1 2 3 4 5 8
Site #
Perc
ent E
vide
nce
of In
ters
exSpring Summer
7 - # of males tested
4
12
8
13
10
13
11
10
1211
6
Vicki Blazer
Preliminary Data
Antibiotic ResistanceDirect use in orchards.
• Resistance develops in organisms.• Environmental Transfer of Genetic
Determinants.• Development of Multiple
Resistance.• Resistance from non antibiotics.• Is resistance facilitated by chronic
low-level exposure?
Aquaculture
Animal waste lagoons
The USGS Toxics Program: toxics.usgs.gov
Emerging Water Quality Issues: toxics.usgs.gov/regional/emc.html
AcknowledgementsDana Kolpin, Iowa City IA (dwkolpin@usgs.gov)
The Research Team
Field expertise in 50 District (state) Offices.
Bibliography with over 100 publications
top related