european exploration 1420 -1580

EUROPEAN EXPLORATION 1420 -1580

Complete Chart on Explorers

Empires and Encounters

Source

Americas

Russian Empire

Europeans

Qing Dynasty ChinaOttoman Empire

MughalsWhat is the largest country in the world

today?

Building the Russian Empire

Kievan Rus1100

Source

986 Vladimir meets with representatives from several religions

Catholics not happy

Source

Kipchack Khanate

Saria

Motivation for empire building1500-1800

Source

Physical Geography of the Russian Domain

Geography

1400’s

The First CZAR

• Ivan III• Czar?• Tsar? How? /

Why?And what doesIt all mean anyway?

Zoe (Sophia) of Byzantium

Refusing the Khan

Ivan III -- Ivan the Great

• Ivan III (1462 to 1505)

• Defeated Mongols

• Named himself ‘tsar’– Caesar (emperor) in

Russian

• Tripled territory

• Moscow: “The Third Rome”

Ivan IV “The Terrible” • Consolidated power in 16th

century• Ruthless, killed all who opposed• Established law• Built St. Basil’s

The Romanov’s (1613-1917)

Michael Nicholas II

Peter the Great (1672 -1725)

Catherine the Great• German princess

– Married heir to throne– An ‘incompetent moron’– Consented to his murder

• Ruled 1762 to 1796• Expanded empire

– Defeated Ottomans– Swallowed Poland

Ethnicities of Russian Empire(at its height)

Great Russians Ukrainians PolesWhite Russians Jews KirghizTartars Finns GermansLatvians Bashkirs LithuaniansArmenians Roumanians EstoniansMordvinians Georgians TadzhiksTurkmens And many other smaller groups

• Ethnic Russians made up less than HALF of the total population!

How was Russia Ruled?

• Unlimited or absolute monarchy

• Nobility served the crown

• Nobility also ran central government

Orthodox Church

Most deeply religious‘Red corner’ at home

Priests paid by state

Blind obedience to God =

Blind obedience to Tsar

Life under the Tsar

Ivan IV (the terrible)1530 to 1584

Catherine the Great1729to 1796

Yasak - tributeSable

29:00-36:40

Epidemics strike remote populations

Benefits of Conversion

Mass migration

Russification

7. “The All-Russian Empire is unique in the world!” –official Russian document from 1785

Do you agree with this assessment? Why or why not? Support your response using specific examples and details from the chapter (i.e. compare the Russian empire to the Spanish and British empires in the Americas).

Qing Dynasty

China

Dynastic Cycle

New Dynasty

Old Dynasty

Problems

New Dynasty claims Mandate of Heaven

Old Dynasty•Taxes too much•Stops protecting people•Lets infrastructure decay•Treats people unfairly

Generations go by, New Dynasty becomes…

Old Dynasty loses Mandate of Heaven

Problems•Floods earthquakes•Peasant revolt•Invaders Attack•Bandits raid countryside

New Dynasty•Brings peace•(Re)builds infrastructure•Gives land to peasants•Protects people

• 8. What were the major features of Chinese empire building in the modern era?

Qing Dynasty China

Manchuria

XinjiangMongolia

Tibet

Military conquests1680-1760

Treaty of Nerchinsk

1689

Assimilation --- NO

Puning Temple, built to commemorate the defeat of the Dzungars SOURCE

Tax exemptions

Nobles

Buddhist Monks

Monasteries

Life Under Qing

Mass immigration --- NO

SOURCEManchu bannerman

How did central Europe, controlled by the Russians and Chinese, go into

decline and become backwards and impoverished?

• 9. How did Mughal attitudes and policies toward Hindu’s change from the time of Akbar to that of Aurangzeb?

Mughals Who are

the

Mughals?

1. Turks2. Muslim3. Descendants of Chinggis

Khan

1526 - 1707

Source

What was India like before the Mughals?

1. Fragmented2. Tribes, castes, sects,

languages

3rd emperor Akbar Emperor Aurangzeb

Ottoman Empire

10. The author of your text claims that: “The Ottoman encounter with Christian Europe spawned admiration and cooperation as well as fear and trembling.” Explain, using specific examples from the chapter for each pair of adjectives in italics, what the author meant.

Is now Istanbul

Founded 330 Constantine

Falls to Turks in 1453

Andrew Marr 3 39:20 – 47:20

Constantinople

Ottoman EmpireShia Islam

Sunni + Shia = conflict 1534 - 1639

Sunni IslamMany Christians convert

Balkans

Devshirme

Balkan life under the Ottoman

Janissaries

Threat to Christendom

Siege of Vienna1. 15292. 1683

Suleiman the Magnificent

Great Turkish War - a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and contemporary European powers, then joined into a Holy League, during the last decades of the 17th century

11. In what ways did the empires of this era (the early modern era) continue patterns of earlier empires? In what ways did they depart from those patterns?