exp_2 bubble cap distillation column
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Mass Transfer I CLB 20804
Experiment 2
BUBBLE CAP DISTILLATION PROCESS
1.0 OBJECTIVES
• To operate vapor – liquid separation process usin a Pac!ed Colu"n Distillation
Unit#
• To anal$%e t&e e''ect o' re'lu( ratio on separation o' et&anol)*ater s$ste"#
• To deter"ine t&e nu"+er o' staes +$ usin ,cCa+e T&iele "et&od
2.0 OVERVIEW
Distillation is a separation "et&od in *&ic& "i(ture co"ponents in a liquid "i(ture are
separated +ased on t&eir relative volatilities# T&e distillation colu"n provides an environ"ent
*&ere t&e liquid and vapour p&ases can approac& equili+riu" *it&in a colu"n# In t&e pac!ed
colu"n t&ere is &i& sur'ace area 'or contact +et*een t&e vapor and liquid- *&ereas t&e plate
colu"n provides distinct staes at *&ic& equili+riu" can +e approac&ed# Separation is ac&ieved
+$ condensed vapor 'lo*in as a liquid do*n t&e colu"n t&eoreticall$ ac&ievin equili+riu" *it&
t&e vapor 'lo*in up t&e colu"n# T&e distri+ution o' co"ponents di''ers in eac& p&ase and results
in t&e separation# In t&e case o' a +inar$ "i(ture in +atc& distillation under total re'lu(- t&e vapor
condensin at t&e top o' t&e distillation colu"n *ill +e ric& in one o' t&e co"ponents# Liquid
leavin t&e re+oiler at t&e +ase o' t&e colu"n ric& in t&e ot&er co"ponent# As t&e s$ste" reac&es
equili+riu" t&e separation process reac&es stead$ state 'or t&at apparatus and set o' operatin
conditions# T&is e(peri"ent is desined to stud$ t&e distillation o' a +inar$ "i(ture o' Et&anol
.ater in a tra$ distillation colu"n# /iure 0 is a s!etc& o' a tra$ *it& +u++le cap and /iure 1
s&o*s t&e sc&e"atic diara" o' t&e apparatus in t&is e(peri"ent#
NA/Exp1/SEPT 20140
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Mass Transfer I CLB 20804
/iure 02 Bu++le cap tra$
/iure 1 s&o*s t&e sc&e"atic diara" o' t&e apparatus in t&is e(peri"ent#
NA/Exp1/SEPT 20141
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Mass Transfer I CLB 20804
• Re'racto"eter
PART A+ C$%i,r$ti-n #*re -/ Et"$n-%W$ter mixt*re&
0# O+tain 10 test tu+es9 la+el t&e test tu+es *it& A0 until A10# Total volu"e in eac& test
tu+e is 14 "l#
1# Prepare t&e "i(ture o' et&anol and deioni%ed *ater to eac& test tu+e accordin to
volu"e indicate +$ Ta+le 0#
8# Note t&at- Stir t&e "i(ture o' solution 3A0 until A105 *it& lass rod#
:# O+tain t&e re'ractive inde( readin 'or solution in eac& tu+e usin re'racto"eter#
6# Record t&e re'ractive inde( readin 'or eac& tu+e tests usin Ta+le 0#
Ta+le 02 T&e volu"e o' c&e"ical needed in eac& test tu+e
Te&t t*,e V-%*me -/
Et"$n-%m%
V-%*me -/ ei-ni4e'
W$term%
Re/r$#tie
In'exRI
A0 4 14A1 0 0;
A8 1 0<
A: 8 0=
A6 : 0>
A> 6 06
NA/Exp1/SEPT 2014:
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Mass Transfer I CLB 20804
A= > 0:
A< = 08
A; < 01
A04 ; 00
A00 04 04
A01 00 ;
A08 01 <
A0: 08 =
A06 0: >
A0> 06 6
A0= 0> :
A0< 0= 8
A0; 0< 1
A14 0; 0
A10 14 4
PART B+ Oper$te $p-r %i)*i' &ep$r$ti-n pr-#e&& *&in5 $ P$#6e' C-%*mn i&ti%%$ti-n !nit
*n'er re/%*x r$ti-.
C&e"icals required2
• Et&anol industrial rade#
• Deioni%ed).ater#
Ancillar$ equip"ents required2• Dropper
• Bea!ers 364 "l5
• Tissue
• Re'racto"eter
8#1 7ener$% &t$rt*p pr-#e'*re&.
NA/Exp1/SEPT 20146
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Mass Transfer I CLB 20804
0# Prepare 30 %itre& "i(ture o' et&anol)deioni%ed *ater +$ addin 10 8 -/ et"$n-%
'ro" total volu"e o' t&e "i(ture#
1# Ensure valves V39 V: $n' V; are closed#
8# Ensure valves V29 V
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Mass Transfer I CLB 20804
:# Collect sa"ples 'or +otto" product 'ro" valve V; and t&e over&ead product 'ro"
valve V: 'or ever$ 6 "inutes#
6# O+serve t&e te"perature o' t&e re+oiler T0:#I' t&e te"perature is alread$ ;4OC-
reduce t&e current o' t&e re+oiler to +et*een 14A#
># Concentration o' t&e sa"ples dra*n is "easure usin t&e re'ractive inde( "et&od
=# Repeat &tep 2= -'or re'lu( ratio o' 0#6 and 1#4
8#8 7ener$% &"*t @ '-n pr-#e'*re&.
0# Ad?ust &eater controller C#: to "ini"u" settin#
1# S*itc& o'' electrical suppl$ 3red &eater o'' +utton5#
8# Turn o'' t&e po*er s*itc& o' t&e re+oiler#
:# Turn o'' t&e ,ain po*er control s*itc
6# Do not drain t&e &ot liquid 'ro" t&e Re+oiler# I' necessar$- t&e liquid *it&in t&e
s$ste" could +e drained onl$ *&en t&e liquid is alread$ cooled#
># Allo* t&e coolin *ater to run 'or so"e ti"e#
;.0 ANALSIS AN ISC!SSION
Discuss all your results. The questions below only serve as a guideline. Your discussion
should not only limit to these questions.
0# ,a!e a #$%i,r$ti-n 5r$p" +ased on $our data o+tained 'ro" Experiment A +$
plottin Re'ractive inde( 3RI5 on t&e $)a(is aainst "ole 'raction o' et&anol on t&e ()
a(is#
1# Deter"ine t&e "ole 'raction o' et&anol 'or t&e top and +otto" product 'or eac& re'lu(
+$ re'er to cali+ration rap
8# Calculate t&e co"plete overall and co"ponent "ass +alance o' t&e process#
NA/Exp1/SEPT 2014=
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Mass Transfer I CLB 20804
:# Deter"ine t&e nu"+er o' staes t&at occur in t&e processes 'or eac& re'lu( +$
construct t&e rap& ,cCa+e T&iele ,et&od# Equili+riu" data 'or et&anol)*ater
s$ste" is iven in Appendi( A#
6# Discuss t&e results o+tained and e''ect o' re'lu( ratio 'or et&anol)*ater "i(ture
separation
># Discuss an$ possi+le errors in t&e e(peri"ent and state an$ reco""endation to
i"prove t&e process#
;.0 RE?ERENCES
0# Tre$+al- R#E#- Mass Transfer Operations, 3rd ed., ,c)7ra*)ill- 0;
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Mass Transfer I CLB 20804
Ti"e- t
3"in5
TOP PRODUCT BOTTO, PRODUCT
Re'ractive inde(
3RI5
,ole 'raction Re'ractive inde(
3RI5
,ole 'raction
4
6
04
06
14
16
84
Re/%*x r$ti- 1.;
Rota"eter readin R0 3L@&r5 J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
Rota"eter readin R1 3L@&r5 J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
Te"perature T: 3oC5 J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
Te"perature T1 3oC5 J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
Ti"e- t
3"in5
TOP PRODUCT BOTTO, PRODUCT
Re'ractive inde(
3RI5
,ole 'raction Re'ractive inde(
3RI5
,ole 'raction
4
6
04
0614
16
84
Re/%*x r$ti- 2.0
Rota"eter readin R0 3L@&r5 J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
Rota"eter readin R1 3L@&r5 J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
Te"perature T: 3oC5 J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
Te"perature T1 3oC5 J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
Ti"e- t
3"in5
TOP PRODUCT BOTTO, PRODUCT
Re'ractive inde(
3RI5
,ole 'raction Re'ractive inde(
3RI5
,ole 'raction
NA/Exp1/SEPT 2014;
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Mass Transfer I CLB 20804
4
6
04
06
14
1684
APPENIX B
E)*i%i,ri*m $t$ /-r Et"$n-%W$ter Mixt*re&
M-%e /r$#ti-n -/ et"$n-% in %i)*i'9 x M-%e /r$#ti-n -/ et"$n-% in $p-r9 (
4#44 4#44
4#46 4#8<
NA/Exp1/SEPT 201404
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Mass Transfer I CLB 20804
4#04 4#68
4#:4 4#=6
4#>4 4#=;
4# 4#;>
4#;< 4#;;
STEP B STEP TO CONSTR!CT 7RAP MCCABE TIELE METO
1. Dra* t&e equili+riu" curve +ased on data iven in Appendi( B- +$ plottin "ole 'raction
o' et&anol in vapor on t&e $)a(is aainst "ole 'raction o' et&anol in liquid on t&e ()a(is#
1# Dra* t&e :6)deree line3 $ J(58# Indicate distillate 3(D5- +otto" 3(B5 and 'eed 3(/5 co"position on t&e rap& +ased on
data o+tained 'ro" e(peri"ent#3re'er to appendi( A5#
:# Dra* t&e 'eed line 3q line5# /or saturated liquid- t&is is a vertical line runnin 'ro" t&e
'eed co"position 3(/5 t&rou& t&e equili+riu" curve#
NA/Exp1/SEPT 201400
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Mass Transfer I CLB 20804
6# /or a speci'ied re'lu( ratio- r- dra* t&e recti'$in line 3ROL5# T&is recti'$in line +eins
at t&e point (D on t&e :6)deree line and &as intercept on $)a(is#
ROL equation2
># Dra* t&e strippin line 3SOL5 +$ connectin t&e intersection o' t&e 'eed line and t&e
recti'$in line and t&e point (B on t&e :6)deree line#
=# Beinnin at t&e point (D on t&e recti'$in line- dra* a &ori%ontal line to t&e equili+riu"
curve and t&en a vertical line to t&e operatin 3recti'$in or strippin5 line#
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Mass Transfer I CLB 20804
NA/Exp1/SEPT 201408
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