frisian & the charter alex riemersma gdansk, 12 september 2008 mercator european research centre...
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Frisian & the Charter
Alex RIEMERSMAGdansk, 12 September 2008
Mercator European Research Centre on
Multilingualism and Language Learning
www.mercator-research.eu
Overview
Frisian language command & position
Charter as stimulus 1-5
Frisian in Charter: education
Strengthening legal position
Frisian in the Netherlands
West-Germanic language,related to English and German
Related to North-Frisian and Sater-Frisian in Germany
Frisian language
Ik haw west - I have been
Ik ben geweest – Ich bin gewesen
Tsiis – cheese
Kaas - Käse
Tsjerke – church
Kerk – Kirche
Twa skiep – two sheep
Frisian language command
54 % Mothertongue
94 % Understanding
74 % Speaking
65 % Reading
26 % Writing
Legal position
No article in Constitution
No Frisian Language Act
Patchwork of Legal provisions
Framework Convention (2005)
European Charter RMLs (1996): 48 undertakings from part III
Charter as stimulus - 1
1992: Netherlands among the first 12 to sign the Charter
1996: Netherlands among the first 5 to ratify; 48 undertakings from part III
1998: Charter into force
1998: Consulting Body – art. 7.4: “convey needs and wishes”
Charter as stimulus - 2
Common responsibility of national and regional authorities
Periodical reports (every 3 years)
Committee of experts: on the spot visits
Recommendations of the Council of Europe to national government
Charter as stimulus - 3
Key words: “protect & promote”
Programmatic approach: - implementation - improvement- additional signature of undertakings
NGO & Public debate in European perspective
Charter as stimulus - 4
National government = Treaty partner
National government to hold obligations,also in case of devolvement / delegation of authority to regional level
National language policy
Charter as stimulus - 5
Upgrading of recognition of Lower Saxon in the Netherlands:* from part II > part III
Lower German in some “Länder” in Germany in part II (general objectives) + a few undertakings from part III
Frisian in media
Radio: 6.00 – 23.00 hrs
TV: 2 hours with re-run
1994, 1 hour ‘regional’ broadcasting ‘full programme’ by 2011
No newspapers
Frisian in education
Primary school and secondary education: obligatory subject,optional use medium of instruction
No prescribed time
Weak in teacher training
Weak position in inspection
Frisian in the European Charter
Article 8b ii – primary education“substantial part of lessons”evaluation by Comex: not fulfilled;Comex urges the Dutch government …
Article 8c iii – secondary education“integral part of curriculum”evaluation by Comex: not fulfilled;Comex urges the Dutch government …
Trilingual schooling
Grades 1-6: 50% Dutch; 50%Frisian
Grades 7-8:40% Dutch; 40% Frisian; 20% English
Developments towards: “Early English” & Trilingual secondary education
Actions towards legislation
Pressure in public debate on:
Strengthening legislation for Frisian in education: time, longitudinality & quality
Umbrella language act for Frisian
Frisian in Netherlands’ constitution
• Eskerrik asko
• Mange Takk
• Diolch
Tankewol
• Trugarez
• Grazia
• Graciis
• Dankscheen • Mercé plan
• Kiitos
• Dz'akuju so
Köszönöm
• Hvala
• Multumesc
• Thank you
Mercator Report on Minimum Standards on education in RMLs
On request of the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities (CLRAE)
Recommendations to the Council of Ministers of the Council of Europe
CEFR & RMLs
Council of Europe:Common European Framework of Reference (2001)
Instrument for the comparative description of language command
Themes of analysis
Educational goals & models
Time spent
Teaching materials
Teacher training
Inspectorate
Legal position
Challenges for teacher training
Quality & quantity
Special training for multilingual situations
More education aimed at multilingualism
Stress on proficiency in more languages
CEFR to be linked to core goals
Certificates & Diploms!
CEFR – further developments
European Language Portfolio = Documentation on individual level
Dialang: language tests
PISA
Result: common minimum standards
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