get out your notes

Get out your notes

Skeleton System Vocab Quiz

Use your Notes Define the following word on a piece of

paper1. Osseus2. Porous3. Axial 4. Cartilage5. Circulation6. Appendicular7. Calcify8. Brittle9. Flexible10. Sedentary

SKELETAL SYSTEM Structure and Function

Structure of Bone Made up of osseous tissue

What does osseous mean? Have their own blood vessels

and nerves allowing for circulationWhy is this important?Growth and healing

Structure of Bone Cells

Osteoblasts: bone building, bone repairing cells in the periosteum

Osteocytes: osteoblast embedded within the bone matrix

Osteoclasts: cells that cause absorption of bone

Structure of Bone Periostium

Dense, fibrous membrane covering bone

Contains blood vesselsEssential for bone cell survival and bone formation

Functions of bones Support: body structure and

shape, framework Protect: vital organs Storage: minerals calcium &

phosphorus Produce: blood cells Movement: where muscles

attach, allow flexibility when moved by muscles

Types of Bones Long Bones

Longer than their width Humerus Radius Ulna Femur Tibia Fibula

Types of Bones

Types of Bones Short Bones

Length and width are nearly equal Wrist and hands (carpals) Ankle and feet (tarsals)

Types of Bones

Types of Bones Flat Bones

2 layers of bone divided by a narrow space Skull Sternum Ribs Shoulder Blade

Types of Bones

Types of Bones Irregular Bones

Don’t fit into the other categories Face Spine Hip

Types of Bones

Types of Bones - Groups Axial

Pertaining to the central structures of the body Skull Vertebrae Ribs and Sternum

80 bones

Types of Bones - Groups Appendicular

Pertaining to any body part added to the axis Arms Legs Hands Feet Pelvis

126 Bones

Types of Bones - Groups How many bones are in the human body????

Axial + Appendicular= 206 bones

Bone Formation Skeleton fully formed by 2nd month of

fetal development (all cartilage) Ossification begins after 8th week of

fetal development Childhood and adolescence:

ossification exceeds bone loss Early adulthood through middle age:

ossification equals bone loss After age 35: bone loss exceeds

ossification** Ossification – laying down of new

bone tissue by osteoblasts

Joints Where 2 bones meet Types are classified by the

amount of movement allowed1. Immovable

- Cranium2. Slightly moveable

- Vertebral discs3. Free moving

- All appendicular joints

Joints Free Moving

JointsHinge JointBall and Socket Joint

Pivot JointGliding Joint

Ligaments Connect bone to bone

ACLPCLMCLLCLUCL

Tendons Connect muscle to bone

Patellar TendonBicep Tendon

Bone Markings - Purpose

Join one bone to another Provide a surface for attachment of

muscles Create an opening for passage of

blood vessels and nerves Use as landmarks

Bone Markings Process: bony prominence or projection Condyle: a rounded knuckle-like

prominence usually at a point of articulation

Epicondyle: small projection Head: rounded articulating process at the

end of a bone Spine: a sharp, slender projection

Bone Markings

Tubercle: a small rounded process Tuberosity: a large rounded process Depression: a hollow-region or opening Fissure: narrow, slit-like opening Sulcus: a groove Facet: a small area on a bone

Axial Skeleton

Skull 22 Bones

Axial SkeletonEar

(12 Bones)

Axial SkeletonRibs12 pairs Attach posteriorly and anteriorly by costal cartilage

Sternum

Axial SkeletonVertebral Column (26 Bones)

Cervical - 7 bones Thoracic – 12

bones Lumbar – 5 bones Sacral – 5 fused

bones Coccyx – 3 – 4

fused bones

Appendicular Skeleton Shoulder Girdle

Clavicles (2): collar bones

Scapulas (2): shoulder blades

Appendicular Skeleton Upper Extremities

Humerus: upper armRadius: thumb side of forearm

Ulna: little finger side of forearm

Carpals (8): wrist bonesMetacarpals (5): hand bonesPhalanges (14): finger bones

Appendicular Skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton Pelvic Girdle

Os Coxae (2): contains the acetabulum (hip socket)3 components: ilium, ischium, pubis

Also, contains the saccrum

Appendicular Skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton Lower Extremities

Femur: thigh bonePatella: kneecapTibia: shin boneFibula: lateral bone of lower legTarsals (7): ankle bones; talus

and calcaneusMetatarsals (5): foot bonesPhalanges (14): toe bones; great

toe = halux

Appendicular Skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton

Fractures Page 155 Figure 8.12

Draw and label in your notes Add Oblique and Spiral after simple transverse

Common Disorders of the Skeletal System

Page 153-154 Table 8.3

Copy the Conditions, their disorders, and their symptoms into your notes