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HITACHI Proton Therapy System with Spot Scanning
Kazuo Hiramoto
Energy & Environmental Systems Laboratory,Hitachi, Ltd.
“Workshop on Hadron Beam Therapy of Cancer”27th April, Erice, Sicily, Italy
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・ Proton Therapy System・ Proton Therapy System
- Accelerator System - Accelerator System
- Irradiation System- Irradiation System
Contents
・ Carbon / Proton Therapy System・ Carbon / Proton Therapy System
- Overview and Operating Facilities- Overview and Operating Facilities
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“Workshop on Hadron Therapy of Cancer” Apr., 2009, Erice HITACHI, Ltd.
Synchrotron
Injector:LINAC
Beam Transport
Irradiation System: (RotatingGantry )
Injector : LINAC 7 MeVSynchrotron : Slow Cycle and Slow ExtractionHigh Energy Beam TransportIrradiation System: Rotating Gantry /Fixed Course
HITACHI PBT System
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“Workshop on Hadron Therapy of Cancer” Apr., 2009, Erice HITACHI, Ltd.
39m
TreatmentRoom
Exp. Room
University of Tsukuba
Synchrotron (70-250MeV)
- Over 1000 Patients Treated RotatingGantries
- Operation Started in 2001
- Two Passive Nozzles with Rotating Gantries
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“Workshop on Hadron Therapy of Cancer” Apr., 2009, Erice HITACHI, Ltd.
M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Synchrotron (70-250MeV)
- Treatment over 100 Patients/Day
> Spot Scanning : G3, and Passive : G1, G2 and Fixed
- Operation Start : Passive in ‘06 and Scanning in ‘08, May
- Three Rotating Gantry and One Fixed Beam Rooms
Gantry Treatment Room
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“Workshop on Hadron Therapy of Cancer” Apr., 2009, Erice HITACHI, Ltd.
Synchrotron
7m
R1.4m
Injectionfrom Linac
Extraction to Beam Transport
BM
ESD
SX
QF
QDRF-forAcc.
Lattice
RF-forExtraction.
2 – 7 sec
Strong Focus
70-250MeV
Repetition
Lattice Type
Ext. Beam Energy
Circumference 23m
TimeInjection
AccelerationDecel.
0.5 – 5 secVariable Spill LengthPulse
to Pulse
Energy Change
1011 pppIntensity
Inj. Beam Energy 7MeV
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“Workshop on Hadron Therapy of Cancer” Apr., 2009, Erice HITACHI, Ltd.
450 mm
Multiple Power FeedingImpedance matching betweenRF cavity and RF power source
accelerating gap FINEMET Core•High complex permeability for Freq. Range 1-10 MHz
•High Curie temperature
Simple Operation• Non Resonant
Freq.Reliable Operation•Solid-state Amp. •Air Cooling
RF Cavity with FINEMET Core
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“Workshop on Hadron Therapy of Cancer” Apr., 2009, Erice HITACHI, Ltd.
RF Driven Beam Extraction
Separatrix
Separatrix is kept constant. Beam amplitude is increased and exceeds the separatrix.
x
x’Beam
Sextupole magnets(resonance exciter)
Extracted beam
Extraction deflector
phasespace
RF kicker
RF Amplifier
pow
er
frequency
f0±⊿f
Extraction deflector
Magnet Current : Constant
Beam Position Time
Stable Beam Position
Time
QFESD
Extraction System of theSynchrotron
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“Workshop on Hadron Therapy of Cancer” Apr., 2009, Erice HITACHI, Ltd.
RF Driven Beam Extraction
Separatrix
Separatrix is kept constant. Beam amplitude is increased and exceeds the separatrix.
x
x’Beam
Sextupole magnets(resonance exciter)
Extracted beam
Extraction deflector
phasespace
RF kicker
RF Amplifier
pow
er
frequency
f0±⊿f
Extraction deflector
Extraction System of theSynchrotron TimeRF
Time
Variable Spill Timing and IntensityBeam
Intensity
On Off On Off
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“Workshop on Hadron Therapy of Cancer” Apr., 2009, Erice HITACHI, Ltd.
Extraction Spill Control
Gate Signal
Spill
0.3 sec (Variable)
Beam Extracted
Beam Monitor
RotatingGantry
Synchrotron
ResonantExciter
Linac
Real Time Feedback
Transverse RFfor extraction
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“Workshop on Hadron Therapy of Cancer” Apr., 2009, Erice HITACHI, Ltd.
Extraction Spill Control
Beam Extracted
Beam Monitor
RotatingGantry
Synchrotron
ResonantExciter
Linac
Real Time Feedback
Transverse RFfor extraction
Gate Signal
Intensity Modulation Signal
Spill
0.3 sec (Variable)
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“Workshop on Hadron Therapy of Cancer” Apr., 2009, Erice HITACHI, Ltd.
ExtDec
InjAcc
ExtDec
Wait Wait
InjAcc
Wait Wait
Synchrotron pattern Variable Repetition Period
tInjection,Acceleration Deceleration
Extraction
Flat-top
Injection Wait for ExtractionTrigger
Inspiratory
Expiratory
ExtractionTrigger
RespirationSignal
SynchrotronPatternExtracted
Beam
・Timing and length of beam extraction and operationcan be varied flexibly. - Respiration gating operation- Spot scanning
Operaion Cycle Length
Variable Timing and Op. Length
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“Workshop on Hadron Therapy of Cancer” Apr., 2009, Erice HITACHI, Ltd.
Pulse to Pulse Energy Change
Range Modulation for ScanningCooperation with HEBT
0 4 8 12 16 20t[sec]
155MeV 150MeV 145MeV 140MeV 135MeV
Pulse to pulse energy change
operationpattern
Extraction
InjectionExtracted
BeamSignal
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“Workshop on Hadron Therapy of Cancer” Apr., 2009, Erice HITACHI, Ltd.
Passive Scattering
Dose Monitor
X-ray Tube
Block Collimator
Square Collimator
Snout
Irradiation Head
(Iso- Center)
Beam
Dose Monitor
Profile MonitorRange Modulation Wheel: RMW
Second Scatterer
3.2m
Nozzle Configuration
Whe
el
Hei
ght
Beam ON
Circumferential Position
RMW
SOBP Width Control with Gating
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“Workshop on Hadron Therapy of Cancer” Apr., 2009, Erice HITACHI, Ltd.
Passive Scattering
Lateral
25cm
Distal
16cm8cm
Dose Monitor
X-ray Tube
Block Collimator
Square Collimator
Snout
Irradiation Head
(Iso- Center)
Beam
Dose Monitor
Profile MonitorRange Modulation
Wheel
Second Scatterer
3.2m
Nozzle Configuration Dose Distribution
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“Workshop on Hadron Therapy of Cancer” Apr., 2009, Erice HITACHI, Ltd.
Spot Scanning-Pulse to Pulse Energy Change by Synchrotron
Energy Change by Synchrotron Target
SpotLayer
Proton Beam
position change
spot irradiationbeam on/off
layerchange
Lateral end?
next layer?
start
end
yes
yes
Discrete SpotScanning
- Flat Top and Spill length : Variable for Layers
TimeInjection
Accel. Decel. Energy ChangeVariable Length(Max. 5 sec)
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“Workshop on Hadron Therapy of Cancer” Apr., 2009, Erice HITACHI, Ltd.
Beam Position Stability
0 15-15 X[cm]
Y[cm]0
15
-15
0 1.0-1.0dX[mm]
dY [mm]0
1.0
-1.01.0mm
0%
50%
100%
0 20-20
Beam Size (air)
Planned Spot Positions
5.3mm(1σ)
Deviations between Planned and Measured
Spot Positions
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“Workshop on Hadron Therapy of Cancer” Apr., 2009, Erice HITACHI, Ltd.
Measured Dose Distribution
10 20 300Depth [g/cm2]
20.0g/cm2
30.6g/cm2
0%
50%
100%
Distal Distribution with Energy Stacking
0%
50%
100%
1.9g/cm2
12.4g/cm2
10 20 300Depth [g/cm2]
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“Workshop on Hadron Therapy of Cancer” Apr., 2009, Erice HITACHI, Ltd.
Carbon/Proton Therapy System
QF
QD
19m
Injection:7MeV/u
Extraction
BM
RF Acceleration
RF for Extraction
> Acceleration, Extraction and Beam Scanning
・ Application of technologies used in the proton systemto carbon therapy system
Configuration of Synchrotron
Strong Focus
P
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“Workshop on Hadron Therapy of Cancer” Apr., 2009, Erice HITACHI, Ltd.
RF Acceleration
RF Cavity
RF Power Amplifier
RF Control SystemRF Cavity Design Parameters
Accel.Voltage > 2.5 kV
Magnetic Core FINEMET
Power Feeding Each Core
Length 1.4 m
RF Amp. Power 6 kW
Particles P, C
Frequency 1-10 MHz
Type Non-resonant
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Thank You for Your Attention
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