hydrologic cycle.ppt
Post on 26-Dec-2015
48 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Siklus HidrologiSiklus Hidrologi
HujanHujan
EvaporasiEvaporasi
InfiltrasiInfiltrasi
HidrometriHidrometri
HidrografHidrograf
Hidrograf SatuanHidrograf Satuan
Analisis FrekuensiAnalisis Frekuensi
Penelusuran Penelusuran banjirbanjir
HidrologiHidrologi
PustakaPustaka
Applied Hydrology Chow, et.al., 1988 Applied Hydrology Chow, et.al., 1988
Hidrologi: Teori, Masalah dan Hidrologi: Teori, Masalah dan Penyelesaian (Sri Harto Br., 2000)Penyelesaian (Sri Harto Br., 2000)
Handbook of Hydrology (Maidment, Handbook of Hydrology (Maidment, et al., 1993)et al., 1993)
Engineering Hydrology (Ponce, 1989)Engineering Hydrology (Ponce, 1989)
HEC-HMSHEC-HMS
BanjirBanjirBanjirBanjir
BanjirBanjir
KekeringanKekeringan
BanjirBanjirKebutuhan AirKebutuhan Air
0
10
20
30
40
50in
ten
sita
s h
uja
n (
mm
/jam
)
Jam
Σhujan = 90.48mmΣlimpasan langsung =
29.16mm
Transformasi hujan-aliranTransformasi hujan-aliran
URBANISASI
Pendudukmeningkat
Sarana/prasaranameningkat
Limbahmeningkat
Air baku/DMImeningkat
sistem drainasiberubah
Lap. kedap airmeningkat
MasalahSDA
MasalahSDA
Kualitas airmenurun
Pengisian air tanah menurun
Kecepatan aliranmeningkat
runoff volumemeningkat
Aliran dasarmenurun
Lag time, time base menurun
Debit puncakmeningkat
Masalahpengendalian polusi
Masalahpengendalian polusi
Masalahpengendalian banjir
Masalahpengendalian banjir
Siklus HidrologiSiklus Hidrologi
Hydrologic cycle/water cycle describes the existence and movement of water on, in, and above the Earth
The hydrologic cycle, or water cycle, is the cycling of water through the earth system.
Hydrologic cycle
The ocean as a storehouse of water
Distribution of Earth`s Water
Evaporation: The process by which water is changed from liquid to a gas or vapor
Studies have shown that the oceans, seas, lakes, and rivers provide nearly 90 percent of the moisture in our atmosphere via evaporation, with the remaining 10 percent being contributed by plant transpiration.
Evapotranspiration: The process by which water vapor is discharged to the atmosphere as a result of evaporation from the soil and transpiration by plants.
Transpiration: The release of water from plant leaves
Water storage in the atmosphere: Water stored in the atmosphere as vapor, such as clouds and humidity
Condensation: The process by which water is changed from vapor to liquid
Precipitation is water released from clouds in the form of rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow, or hail.. Most precipitation falls as rain.
Precipitation rates vary geographically and over time
Precipitation rates vary geographically and over time
Surface runoff: Precipitation runoff which travels over the soil surface to the nearest stream channel
Watersheds and rivers
A watershed (catchment area, river basin) is the area of land where all of the water that falls in it and drains off of it goes into the same place (control point at a river).
A catchment boundary can be determined through topography map.
Streamflow is always changing
Streamflow: The movement of water in a natural channel, such as a river
Ground-water discharge: The movement of water out of the ground
Spring: Place where a concentrated discharge of ground water flows at the ground surface
Infiltration: The downward movement of water from the land surface into soil or porous rock
Infiltration is controlled by soil texture, soil structure, vegetation and soil moisture status.
PrecipitationPrecipitation
Channel PrecipitationChannel PrecipitationInterceptionInterception
Depresion storageDepresion storage
Ground water flowGround water flow
InfiltrationInfiltration
InterflowInterflowSoil moistureSoil moisture
Ground waterGround water
Surface runoffSurface runoff
Channel
storage
Channel
storage
Streamflow
Streamflow
EvaporationEvaporationEvaporationEvaporation
Hydrologic cycle components
Transformasi hujan-aliran
HUJAN
Hujan efektif/ excess rainfall
Abstraksi/Loss
Aliran dasar
Hidrograf limpasan langsung
Hidrograf total
Transform method
The Water BalanceThe water balance is an accounting of the inputs and outputs of water.
The water balance of a place, whether it be an
agricultural field, watershed, or continent, can be
determined by calculating the input, output, and
storage changes of water at the Earth's surface.
Simple hydrologic system
I, Input (rainfall)
O, Output (runoff)
I - O = dS/dt
S inflow outflow
land
P E
ocean
SR
GWF
P E
P = rainfall E = evaporation GWF = ground water flow SR = surface runoff
Water balance at land:S = I - O
= P - (E + GWF + SR)P = E + GWF + SR + S
water balance at ocean: S = I - O
= (P + GWF + SR) - E P = E - GWF - SR + S
whereP = rainfallE = evaporationSR = surface runoff
GWF = ground water flow S = change of storage
Water balance at paddy field
http://www.ce.utexas.edu/prof/maidment
SaldoRp
Credit
Debit
top related