investigate and find explanations for how human need for heat has led to technology developments...

Investigate and find explanations for how human need for heat has led to technology developments

Discuss how human needs cause an increase in use of energy sources

Describe thermal energy – what is it? Understand the effect heat has on different forms

of matter Apply my understanding of heat and temperature

to explain events in nature and human-created devices

Analyze issues related to heat technologies and the environment’s ability to support us

Ask science-based questions Design an experiment when given a

question Conduct an investigation Analyze and interpret my qualitative

and quantitative data Work collaboratively with my peers

Show interest in science Appreciate how different ideas from all

over the world mix together to bring about understanding

Take my time and consider various approaches to investigations, problems and issues

Begin to recognize my impact on the environment

Work safely in the science classroom and lab

What heat-related technologies do we use to meet human needs?

What are the scientific principles that make these technologies work?

What impact do these technologies have on natural resources and the environment?

Sustainability Heat energy Particle model of

matter Kinetic energy Volume Temperature Thermal energy Heat

Expand Contract Thermal expansion Conduction Conductor Convection Radiant energy Wave Infrared waves

Heat is not a substance It is a form of energy

› This comes from the movement of the particles that make up all matter

› Official unit is the Joule (J)

Learning Concept› Investigate and interpret examples of

Heat-related technologies Energy use

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Since ancient times humans have needed thermal energy (heat) for their survival

Understanding heat is important in every day life

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Our way of life is influenced by climate

Heat, science and technology are all linked to how we create and use heat to meet our needs

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Needs are our basic required conditions that have to be met in order to survive

In Canada, heat is linked to shelter, clothing, food, water and physical activity

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Learning Concept› Trace linkages between human requirements and the development of Heat-related materials Heat-related technology

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Science Log› Identify three ways that thermal energy

has been used throughout history:

Furnaces and air conditioners are technologies which help keep our shelter comfortable and livable

The ability to store or cook food and water are related to heat as well

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Heat-related technology has changed over time› As people evolve, so does technology

Science Log› Identify three ways that thermal energy

has been used to make our lives easier:

Learning Concept› Identify examples of

Personal choices in energy resources and technology

Society choices in energy resources and technology

Science Log› Take a mental tour of your home. As you

travel from room to room, think about household items that use or make heat. Make a list. Which are wants? Which are needs?

Lab #1 – Dissect an Electrical Device

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Learning Concept› Identify and explain uses of devices and

systems to Generate ... Transfer ... Control ... Remove ...

... thermal energy

Activity #1 – Measuring Temperature› page 193, 194, 199, 200, 201

Lab #2 – Make Your Own Thermometer

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Learning Concept› Describe the nature of thermal energy

Thermal energy is heat energy› Form of energy that moves from high

temperatures to low temperatures› When your hands are cold outside in the

winter ... Heat is travelling from your hands out to the

cold air surrounding you The cold does not flow into your hands from the

cold air!

Thermal energy can:› Change the state of matter› Affect the particles that make up matter› Transfer from a hotter object to a cooler

one

Learning Concept› Describe the effect of heat on the motion

of particles› Explain changes of state

Particle Model of Matter

The Particle Model of Matter has been developed by scientists who study changes in the state of matter

1. All matter is made up of particles• These particles are too tiny to see without

the aid of electron microscopes

2. The tiny particles of matter are always moving

› The movement of the particles varies depending on state (gas, solid, liquid)

› Movement involves a form of energy known as kinetic energy

3. The particles have spaces between them

› Different states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) have different amounts of space between them

› Most amount found in gas, least amount found in solids

4. Adding heat to matter makes the particles move around faster

› The faster something moves, the more kinetic energy it has

› Adding heat (a type of energy) increases the kinetic energy of the particles

Solid state› Matter in a solid state has particles

attached to one another in all directions› Definite shape and volume

Volume refers to the amount of space the matter occupies

Solid state› Attached means limited movement, and

can move around in fixed position Vibrate in place Less kinetic energy than gas or liquid

Liquid State› Particles are loosely attached to one

another and can slip past each other› Liquids take the shape of their

container but still have a fixed volume

Liquid State› Larger empty spaces which means there

is a greater range of movement More kinetic energy than a solid but less

than a gas

Gas State› Particles are not connected to one

another› A gas can fill the empty spaces of a

container, as it has no set shape› Spaces between particles is larger than in

a solid or a liquid

Gas State› Particles have the greatest freedom of

movement Gases have the most kinetic energy

compared to a liquid or a solid

Heat changes the speed of moving particles of matter› Causes an increase in kinetic energy if

heat is transferred in› When heat is lost, the kinetic energy of

the particles decreases

Learning Concept Distinguish between heat and

temperature› Explain using kinetic energy› Explain using Particle Model of Matter

Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold something is

Heat is the energy that is transferred from one substance to another due to differences in kinetic energy

Review: thermal energy is energy associated with hot objects› The total kinetic energy of all the particles

the substance contains

In the following space, illustrate particle movement in a cup of water:

- being held over a candle flame- being held in a freezer

Learning Concept Investigate & describe the effects of

heating and cooling on the volume of different materials› Identify applications of these effects

Inquiry Activity– Heating & Cooling a Copper Wire

When materials warm up, the particle model of matter says the particles move faster and further apart› It expands, and there is an increase in

volume as temperature increases› Occurs when heat is transferred to a solid

When materials cool down, the particle motion is slower› Materials contract, or have a decrease in

volume, as they cool› Happens when heat is transferred from

the warm object to the cooler one

Find Out Activity pg 211 – Stretch & Shrink› Expansion & contraction of solids

Find Out Activity pg 215 – Bulging Balloons› Expansion & contraction of gases

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Find Out Activity pg 216 – Race for the Top› Expansion & contraction of liquids› Demonstration

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Understanding how materials expand and contract is critical information for a variety of professions› Engineers who design bridges need to

consider how the materials will contract in the cold, or expand in the heat

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Homemade Hot Air Balloons

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Learning Concept› Explain how heat is transmitted by

Conduction Convection Radiation

Conduction is the flow of energy between substances that are in contact› Most common in solids› The particles do not move, only the heat

does

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If a material allows easy transfer of the energy, it is a conductor

An insulator is a material which does not allow the easy transfer of energy› Insulators and conductors are often

combined to create safe tools

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Problem Solving Activity – The Butter Test

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Heat is also transferred through matter by convection› The flow of heat energy that involves

moving liquid or gas particles› Because the particles move, convection

only occurs in liquids and gases, not in solids

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Heat transfer by convection occurs when the particles in a liquid or gas move in circular patterns› Convection currents› http://www.absorblearning.com/media/attachment.action?

quick=an&att=758

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Demonstration – Convection in a Gas› Students – inn the drawing indicate the

path of the smoke after the splint or incense stick is lit and held above the smoke box

Conduction and convection are two ways to transfer energy

Radiation is the transfer of energy by invisible waves (infrared waves) that can travel great distances› Radiant energy

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When radiant energy comes in contact with an object, the particles increase their kinetic energy

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Inquiry Activity – Heating Different Colored Surfaces

Learning Concept› Compare heat transmission in different

materials

Ice Cube Challenge

CONCEPT 2 QUIZwww.recipeapart.com

• 12 multiple choice• 2 numerical response• 6 marks short answer