lab manuallab manual course : cs1243 data structures lab class : b.sc computer science semester : 2...

LAB MANUAL

Course : CS1243 Data Structures Lab

Class : B.Sc Computer Science

Semester : 2

Prepared By : Nidhi S

COLLEGE OF APPLIED SCIENCE

PERISSERY

CS 1243: Data Structures Lab

P a g e 2 | 52

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Array – Insertion …………………………………………………………..03

2. Array – Deletion …………………………………………………………...05

3. Largest and smallest ……………………………………………………….07

4. Linear search ………………………………………………………………09

5. Binary search ………………………………………………………………11

6. Bubble sort ………………………………………………………………...13

7. Insertion sort ……………………………………………………………….15

8. Selection sort ………………………………………………………………17

9. Stack using array …………………………………………………………..19

10. Infix to postfix ……………………………………………………………..22

11. Queue using array ………………………………………………………….24

12. Singly linked list – Insertion ………………………………………………27

13. Singly linked list – Deletion ……………………………………………….31

14. Singly linked list – Search …………………………………………………35

15. Singly linked list – Count the nodes ……………………………………….37

16. Singly linked list – Traversal ………………………………………………39

17. Stack using linked list ……………………………………………………...41

18. Queue using linked list …………………………………………………….44

19. Binary search tree – Traversal ……………………………………………..47

20. Binary search tree – Search ………………………………………………..50

P a g e 3 | 52

1. ARRAY - INSERTION

To write a c program to insert an item into an array.

Program:

#include <stdio.h>

void main()

int a[20], size, pos, item, i;

clrscr();

printf("\nEnter the size of array:\t");

scanf("%d", &size);

printf("\nEnter %d element:\n", size);

for(i = 0; i < size; i++)

scanf("%d", &a[i]);

printf("Enter the new item for insertion and its position in array:\n");

scanf("%d%d", &item, &pos);

if(pos >= 0 && pos < size)

for(i = size; i > pos; i--)

a[i] = a[i - 1];

a[pos] = item;

size++;

printf("\nArray after insertion:");

printf("\t%d", a[i]);

printf(“Insertion not possible!!!”);

getch();

P a g e 4 | 52

Output:

P a g e 5 | 52

2. ARRAY - DELETION

To write a c program to delete an item from an array.

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

void main()

int a[10], size, pos, i;

clrscr();

scanf("%d", &size);

printf("Enter %d elements\n", size);

for (i = 0; i < size; i++)

scanf("%d", &a[i]);

printf("Enter the position(<%d) of the element to be deleted:\t",size);

scanf("%d", &pos);

if (pos >= 0 && pos < size)

for (i = pos; i < size; i++)

a[i] = a[i+1];

size--;

printf("Array after deletion:");

for (i = 0; i < size; i++)

printf("\t%d", a[i]);

printf("Deletion not possible!!!");

getch();

P a g e 6 | 52

Output:

P a g e 7 | 52

3. LARGEST AND SMALLEST

To write a c program to find the largest and smallest elements in the given array.

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

void main()

int a[10], size, i, small, large;

clrscr();

scanf("%d", &size);

printf("Enter %d elements\n", size);

for (i = 0; i < size; i++)

scanf("%d", &a[i]);

small=large=a[0];

for (i = 1; i < size; i++)

if (a[i] < small)

small = a[i];

if (a[i] > large)

large = a[i];

printf("Largest = %d\nSmallest = %d",large,small);

getch();

P a g e 8 | 52

Output

P a g e 9 | 52

4. LINEAR SEARCH

To write a c program to search an element in array using linear search.

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

void main()

int arr[10], key, i, n, pos = -1;

clrscr();

printf("\nEnter the size of array : ");

scanf("%d", &n);

printf("Enter the elements: \n");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

scanf("%d", &arr[i]);

printf("Enter the number that has to be searched : ");

scanf("%d", &key);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

if(arr[i] == key)

pos=i;

printf("%d is found at index %d", key,i);

break;

if (pos == -1)

printf("%d not found in the array", key);

getch();

P a g e 10 | 52

Output:

P a g e 11 | 52

5. BINARY SEARCH

To write a c program to search an element in sorted array using binary search.

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

void main()

int arr[10], key, i, n, beg, end, mid, pos=-1;

clrscr();

printf("\nEnter the size of array: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

printf("Enter the elements in ascending order: \n");

for (i = 0; i < n; i++)

scanf("%d", &arr[i]);

printf("Enter the search key: ");

scanf("%d", &key);

beg = 0, end = n-1;

while(beg<=end)

mid = (beg + end)/2;

if (arr[mid] == key)

printf("\n%d is present at position %d", key, mid);

pos=mid;

break;

else if (arr[mid]>key)

end = mid-1;

beg = mid+1;

P a g e 12 | 52

if (pos == -1)

printf("\n%d not found", key);

getch();

Output:

P a g e 13 | 52

6. BUBBLE SORT

To write a c program to sort an array using bubble sort.

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

void main()

int nums[10], size, temp, i=0, j;

clrscr();

scanf("%d",&size);

printf("\nEnter the numbers: \n");

while(i < size)

scanf("%d",&nums[i++]);

for (i = 0; i < size-1; i++)

for (j = 0; j < size-i-1; j++)

if(nums[j] > nums[j+1])

temp = nums[j];

nums[j]=nums[j+1];

nums[j+1] = temp;

printf("\nSorted list is \t");

for(i=0; i<size; i++)

printf("%d\t",nums[i]);

getch();

P a g e 14 | 52

Output:

P a g e 15 | 52

7. INSERTION SORT

To write a c program to sort an array using insertion sort.

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

void main()

int nums[10], size, small, i, j;

clrscr();

scanf("%d",&size);

printf("\nEnter the numbers: \n");

scanf("%d",&nums[i]);

small = nums[i];

j = i - 1;

while(j >= 0 && small < nums[j])

nums[j+1] = nums[j];

j=j-1;

nums[j+1] = small;

printf("\nSorted list is");

for(i=0; i<size; i++)

printf("\t%d",nums[i]);

getch();

P a g e 16 | 52

Output:

P a g e 17 | 52

8. SELECTION SORT

To write a c program to sort an array using selection sort.

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

void main()

int a[10], n, i, j, min, temp;

clrscr();

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("\nEnter %d Elements: \n",n);

for (i=0;i<n;i++)

scanf("%d",&a[i]);

for (i=0;i<n-1;i++)

min = i;

for (j=i+1;j<n;j++)

if (a[min] > a[j])

min = j;

if (min != i)

temp = a[i];

a[i] = a[min];

a[min] = temp;

printf("\n The Sorted array in ascending order:");

for (i=0;i<n;i++)

printf("\t%d ",a[i]);

getch();

P a g e 18 | 52

Output:

P a g e 19 | 52

9. STACK USING ARRAY

To write a c program to implement stack using array.

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

void main()

int stack[10], i, size, top=-1, item, choice;

clrscr();

printf("Enter size of stack: ");

scanf("%d",&size);

printf("Menu - Stack operations");

printf("\t1.Display\t2.Push\t3.Pop\t4.Exit\t");

scanf("%d",&choice);

switch(choice)

case 1:

if (top == -1)

printf("EMPTY STACK!!!\n");

printf("The elements on the array are :");

for (i=0; i<=top; i++)

printf("\t%d",stack[i]);

printf("\n");

break;

case 2:

if (top == size-1)

printf("Stack is full!!!\n");

P a g e 20 | 52

printf("Enter new item: ");

scanf("%d",&item);

stack[++top] = item;

printf("Inserted %d.\n",stack[top]);

break;

case 3:

if(top == -1)

printf("Stack is empty!!!\n");

item = stack[top--];

printf("Item deleted: %d\n",item);

break;

case 4:

exit(0);

default:

printf("Invalid choice!!!\n");

break;

}while(choice!=4);

getch();

P a g e 21 | 52

Output:

P a g e 22 | 52

10. INFIX TO POSTFIX

To write a c program to convert an infix expression to postfix expression using stack.

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

#include <ctype.h>

int pr(char s)

if(s == '^')

return(3);

else if(s == '*' || s == '/')

return(2);

else if(s == '+' || s == '-')

return(1);

return(0);

void main()

char in[50], stack[50], post[50], ch;

int top = -1, i = 0, k = 0;

printf("\nEnter Infix Expression : ");

scanf("%s",in);

stack[++top] = '#';

while( (ch=in[i++]) != '\0')

if( ch == '(')

stack[++top] = ch;

else if(isalnum(ch))

post[k++] = ch;

else if( ch == ')')

P a g e 23 | 52

while( stack[top] != '(')

post[k++] = stack[top--];

top--;

while( pr(stack[top]) >= pr(ch) )

stack[++top] = ch;

while( stack[top] != '#')

post[k] = '\0';

printf("\nPostfix Expression = %s\n",post);

getch();

Output:

P a g e 24 | 52

11. QUEUE USING ARRAY

To write a c program to implement queue using array.

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

void main()

int queue[20], front=-1, rear=-1, val, size, choice, i;

clrscr();

printf("Enter the size of the Queue: ");

scanf("%d",&size);

printf("Queue");

printf("\t1.Insert\t2.Delete\t3.Display\t4. Quit: ");

switch(choice)

case 1:

if (rear == size-1)

printf("Queue is full!!!!\n");

printf("Enter the value to be added: ");

scanf("%d",&val);

if (rear == -1 && front == -1)

front = front + 1;

rear = rear + 1;

queue[rear] = val;

printf("Inserted %d\n",queue[rear]);

break;

P a g e 25 | 52

case 2:

if (front == -1 || front > rear)

printf("Queue is empty!!!\n");

val = queue[front];

front = front+1;

printf("Deleted %d\n",val);

break;

case 3:

if (front == -1 || front > rear)

printf("The content of queue are:");

for (i=front;i<=rear;i++)

printf("\t%d",queue[i]);

printf("\n");

break;

case 4:

exit(0);

default:

break;

while(choice!=4);

getch();

P a g e 26 | 52

Output:

P a g e 27 | 52

12. SINGLY LINKED LIST - INSERTION

To write a c program to illustrate the insertion operation in a singly linked list.

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

struct node

int data;

struct node *next;

struct node *temp,*newnode,*start=NULL;

void create()

newnode=(struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));

printf("Enter the data value for the node:\t" );

scanf("%d",&newnode->data);

newnode->next =NULL;

void display()

temp=start;

while(temp!=NULL)

printf("%d->",temp->data );

temp=temp->next ;

printf("NULL");

void main()

int choice,key,flag;

P a g e 28 | 52

clrscr();

while(1)

printf("\n1.Beginning 2.End 3.After 4.Exit:\t");

switch(choice)

case 1:

create();

if(start==NULL)

start=newnode;

newnode->next=start;

start=newnode;

display();

break;

case 2:

create();

if(start==NULL)

start=newnode;

temp=start;

while(temp->next !=NULL)

temp=temp->next ;

temp->next =newnode;

display();

break;

case 3:

P a g e 29 | 52

printf("Enter the key after which new node to be

inserted:\t");

scanf("%d",&key);

flag=0;

temp=start;

while(temp!=NULL)

if(temp->data==key)

create();

newnode->next=temp->next;

temp->next=newnode;

flag=1;

display();

break;

temp=temp->next;

if(flag==0)

printf("Key not found!!!\n");

break;

case 4:

exit(0);

default:

printf("Wrong Choice\n");

break;

P a g e 30 | 52

Output:

P a g e 31 | 52

13. SINGLY LINKED LIST - DELETION

To write a c program to illustrate the deletion operation in a singly linked list.

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

struct node

int data;

struct node *next;

} *start=NULL, *temp, *newnode, *ptr;

void create()

printf("Enter the data value for the node:\t");

start = newnode;

void display()

temp=start;

while(temp!=NULL)

temp=temp->next ;

printf("NULL\n");

void main()

int choice, n, i, key;

P a g e 32 | 52

clrscr();

printf("How many nodes do you want?\t");

scanf("%d",&n);

for (i=0;i<n;i++)

create();

display();

while(1)

printf("Delete 1.Beginning 2.End 3.Node 4.Exit: ");

switch(choice)

case 1:

if(start != NULL)

temp=start;

start=start->next ;

free(temp);

display();

break;

case 2:

temp = start;

if (start->next == NULL)

start=NULL;

while(temp->next!=NULL)

ptr=temp;

temp=temp->next;

ptr->next=NULL;

P a g e 33 | 52

free(temp);

display();

break;

case 3:

printf("Enter node to be deleted:\t");

scanf("%d",&key);

temp=start;

while(temp != NULL && temp->data != key)

ptr = temp;

temp = temp->next;

if(temp->data == key)

if(temp == start)

start = start->next;

ptr->next = temp->next;

free(temp);

display();

break;

case 4:

exit(0);

default:

printf("Wrong Choice\n");

break;

P a g e 34 | 52

Output:

P a g e 35 | 52

14. SINGLY LINKED LIST - SEARCH

To write a c program to demonstrate the search operation in a singly linked list.

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

struct node

int data;

struct node *next;

} *start=NULL, *temp, *newnode;

void create()

start = newnode;

void main()

int n, i, key;

clrscr();

scanf("%d",&n);

for (i=0;i<n;i++)

create();

temp=start;

while(temp!=NULL)

temp=temp->next ;

P a g e 36 | 52

printf("NULL\n");

printf("Enter node to be searched:\t");

scanf("%d",&key);

temp=start;

i = 0;

while(temp != NULL && temp->data != key)

temp = temp->next;

if(temp->data == key)

printf("Node with data %d found at position %d.",key,i);

getch();

Output:

P a g e 37 | 52

15. SINGLY LINKED LIST – COUNT THE NODES

To write a c program to count the total number of nodes in a singly linked list.

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

struct node

int data;

struct node *next;

void create()

start = newnode;

void main()

int choice=1, n, i;

clrscr();

while(choice==1)

create();

printf("\nPress 1 to CONTINUE and press any other key to STOP : ");

for(temp=start;temp != NULL;temp=temp->next)

P a g e 38 | 52

printf("%d->",temp->data);

printf("NULL\n");

printf("No: of nodes in this singly linked list is %d\n", i);

getch();

Output:

P a g e 39 | 52

16. SINGLY LINKED LIST – TRAVERSAL

To write a c program to illustrate the traversal operation in a singly linked list.

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

struct node

int data;

struct node *next;

void create()

start = newnode;

void traversal()

temp=start;

while(temp!=NULL)

temp=temp->next ;

printf("NULL");

void main()

int n, i;

P a g e 40 | 52

clrscr();

scanf("%d",&n);

for (i=0;i<n;i++)

create();

printf("Singly linked list : ");

traversal();

getch();

Output:

P a g e 41 | 52

17. STACK USING LINKED LIST

To write a c program to implement stack using linked list.

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

struct node {

int data;

struct node *next;

void main()

struct node *top=NULL,*temp,*new_node;

int choice;

clrscr();

printf("Stack operations 1.Display 2.Push 3.Pop 4.Exit: ");

switch(choice)

case 1:

printf("The elements in the stack : ");

temp=top;

while(temp!=NULL)

temp=temp->next;

printf("NULL\n");

break;

case 2:

P a g e 42 | 52

new_node=(struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));

printf("Enter new item: ");

scanf("%d",&new_node->data);

new_node->next=NULL;

if(top==NULL)

top=new_node;

new_node->next=top;

top=new_node;

printf("Inserted : %d\n",top->data);

break;

case 3:

if(top==NULL)

printf("Stack is empty!!!\n");

temp=top;

top=top->next;

printf("Deleted: %d\n",temp->data);

free(temp);

break;

case 4:

exit(0);

default:

break;

}while(choice!=4);

getch();

P a g e 43 | 52

Output:

P a g e 44 | 52

18. QUEUE USING LINKED LIST

To write a c program to implement queue using linked list.

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

struct node {

int data;

struct node *next;

void main()

struct node *front=NULL, *rear=NULL,*new_node,*temp;

int choice;

clrscr();

printf("Queue operations 1.Insert 2.Delete 3.Display 4.Quit : ");

switch(choice)

case 1:

new_node=(struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));

printf("Enter the value to be added: ");

scanf("%d",&new_node->data);

new_node->next=NULL;

if(rear==NULL)

front=rear=new_node;

rear->next=new_node;

rear=new_node;

P a g e 45 | 52

printf("Inserted %d\n",rear->data);

break;

case 2:

if(front==NULL)

temp=front;

front=front->next;

printf("Deleted %d\n",temp->data);

free(temp);

break;

case 3:

printf("Queue : ");

for(temp=front;temp!=NULL;temp=temp->next)

printf("NULL\n");

break;

case 4:

exit(0);

default:

break;

while(choice!=4);

getch();

P a g e 46 | 52

Output:

P a g e 47 | 52

19. BINARY SEARCH TREE – TRAVERSAL

To write a c program to illustrate the traversal operation in binary search tree.

Program:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

struct BST {

int data;

struct BST *left, *right;

} *root = NULL, *temp;

void insert(struct BST *root, struct BST *temp)

if (root == NULL)

root = temp;

else if (temp->data < root->data)

if (root->left != NULL)

insert(root->left, temp);

root->left = temp;

else if (temp->data > root->data)

if (root->right != NULL)

insert(root->right, temp);

root->right = temp;

printf("Duplicate node --> %d\n",temp->data);

void preorder(struct BST *root)

P a g e 48 | 52

if (root != NULL)

printf("%d ", root->data);

preorder(root->left);

preorder(root->right);

void postorder(struct BST *root)

if (root != NULL)

postorder(root->left);

postorder(root->right);

void inorder(struct BST *root)

if (root != NULL)

inorder(root->left);

inorder(root->right);

void main()

int ch;

clrscr();

printf("Enter the number of nodes you want : ");

scanf("%d", &ch);

printf("Enter %d nodes data :", ch);

P a g e 49 | 52

for(;ch!=0;ch--)

temp = (struct BST *)malloc(sizeof(struct BST));

scanf("%d", &temp->data);

temp->left = temp->right = NULL;

if (root == NULL)

root = temp;

insert(root, temp);

printf("\nPreorder Traversal: ");

preorder(root);

printf("\nInorder Traversal: ");

inorder(root);

printf("\nPostorder Traversal: ");

postorder(root);

getch();

Output:

P a g e 50 | 52

20. BINARY SEARCH TREE – SEARCH

To write a c program to demonstrate the search operation in binary search tree.

Program:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

struct BST {

int data;

struct BST *left, *right;

} *root = NULL, *temp;

void insert(struct BST *root, struct BST *temp)

if (root == NULL)

root = temp;

else if (temp->data < root->data)

if (root->left != NULL)

insert(root->left, temp);

root->left = temp;

else if (temp->data > root->data)

if (root->right != NULL)

insert(root->right, temp);

root->right = temp;

printf("Duplicate node --> %d\n",temp->data);

void search(struct BST *root, int key)

P a g e 51 | 52

int flag = 0;

temp = root;

while(temp != NULL)

if (key == temp->data)

printf("Success...\n");

flag=1;

break;

else if (key < temp->data)

temp = temp->left;

temp = temp->right;

if (flag == 0)

printf("Search failed!!!\n");

void main()

int ch, key;

clrscr();

printf("Enter the number of nodes you want : ");

scanf("%d", &ch);

printf("Enter %d nodes data :", ch);

for(;ch!=0;ch--)

temp = (struct BST *)malloc(sizeof(struct BST));

scanf("%d", &temp->data);

temp->left = temp->right = NULL;

if (root == NULL)

root = temp;

P a g e 52 | 52

insert(root, temp);

printf("Enter the search key: \n");

scanf("%d", &key);

search(root, key);

getch();

Output:

lab manuallab manual course : cs1243 data structures lab class : b.sc computer science semester : 2...

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