learning chapter 8. definition learning is a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior...
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Learning
Chapter 8
Definition
Learning is a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to
experience.
Learning is more flexible in comparison to the genetically-programmed behaviors of
Salmon, for example.
Associative LearningWe learn by association. Our minds naturally connect
events that occur in sequence. Learning to associate one stimulus with another or a response with
a consequence.
Learning How Do We Learn?
Classical Conditioning Pavlov’s Dogs Watson’s Little Albert
Operant Conditioning Thorndike’s law of effect
(Instrumental Learning) Skinner box
Learning by Observation/Modeling (Cognitive Learning)
Bandura’s Bobo Doll
Operant & Classical Conditioning
Classical conditioning forms associations between 2 stimuli (CS and US).
Operant conditioning, on the other hand, forms an association between behaviors and the resulting events.
Operant & Classical Conditioning
Classical conditioning involves respondent behavior that occurs as an automatic response to a certain stimulus.
Operant conditioning involves operant behavior, a behavior that operates on the environment, producing rewarding or punishing stimuli.
5 Major Conditioning Processes
• Acquisition- Initial Learning• Extinction- unlearning the association by
discontinuing the exposure to the stimuli or associated consequence.
• Spontaneous Recovery- a brief reappearance of a weakened response after an association has been extinguished
• Generalization- responding to similar stimuli• Discrimination- determining a difference
between similar stimuli
Operant vs. Classical Conditioning
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