lecture 3 arts & crafts + art nouveau
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
History of Architecture-II (AP-313)
Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
LECTURE 3
Nipesh P Narayanan
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
RAPHAEL Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (1483 –1520)
Deposition of Christ, 1507
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
POST RAPHAEL MANNERISM
Parmigianino's Madonna with the Long Neck (1534-40)
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
PRE-RAPHAELITE BROTHERHOOD
Christ In the House of His Parents, by John Everett Millais, 1850
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
INDUSTRIALIZATION
Effects
– Money
– Alienation
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
RESPONSE TO INDUSTRIALIZATION
William Morris (1834 –1896)
C R Ashbee (1863 –1942)
W R Lethaby (1857 - 1931)
Trained as Architects and worked towards unity in the arts.
“to re-establish a harmony between architect, designer and craftsman and to bring handcraftsmanship to the production of well-designer, affordable,
everyday objects.”
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
RESPONSE TO INDUSTRIALIZATION
Individual expression
Vernacular
Use of local materials
“improvement of commercial design always remained as serious a goal as the restoration of craftsmanship. Groups of leading designers
not only set up craft societies but independent commercial companies”
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
SOCIAL REFORM OF ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT
Change in Working condition
Belief in restorative power of craftsmanship
Simple life
Art as a way of life
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
PRINCIPLES OF ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT
HONESTY
Design Unity
Joy in Labour
Individualism
Regionalism
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
WILLIAM MORRIS (1834 –1896)
Influenced by
– Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
– Writings of John Ruskin
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
WILLIAM MORRIS TRELLIS
Wallpaper designer by Morris
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
WILLIAM MORRIS RED HOUSE
Architect - Philip Webb
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
WILLIAM MORRIS RED HOUSE
Architect - Philip Webb
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
WILLIAM MORRIS RED HOUSE
Architect - Philip Webb
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
C R ASHBEE (1863 –1942)
Influenced by
– Socialism of William Morris (Established Guild and School of Handicraft in 1888, in the slums of Whitechapel)
– Works of John Ruskin Imag
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
C R ASHBEE GUILD AND SCHOOL OF HANDICRAFT
"seek not only to set a higher standard of craftsmanship, but at the same time, and in so doing, to protect the status of the craftsman. To this end it endeavours to steer a mean between the independence of the artist— which is individualistic and often parasitical— and the trade-shop, where the workman is bound to purely commercial and antiquated traditions, and has, as a rule, neither stake in the business nor any interest beyond his weekly wage"
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
C R ASHBEE MAHOGANY VENEERED ETAGÈRE
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
C R ASHBEE SILVER MOUNTED DECANTER
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
W R LETHABY (1857 - 1931)
Influenced by
– His Father, craftsman and lay preacher
– Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
W R LETHABY BUILDING AT COLMORE ROW
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
PHILIP WEBB (1857 - 1931)
Architect of the first Arts and Crafts Building – The Red House Im
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
PHILIP WEBB - STANDEN
House at West Sussex, England.
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
PHILIP WEBB - STANDEN
House at West Sussex, England.
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
INFLUENCE ON USA- ORGANIC ARCHITECTURE
“The idea that every country should have an architecture that reflects its own particular history, geography and climate was
central to the Arts and Crafts movement”
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
INFLUENCE ON USA- DAVID B GAMBLE HOUSE
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House at West Sussex, England, Designed by Charles Sumner Greene and Henry Mather Greene (1908)
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
INFLUENCE ON USA- DAVID B GAMBLE HOUSE
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House at West Sussex, England, Designed by Charles Sumner Greene and Henry Mather Greene
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
INFLUENCE ON USA- MILLARD HOUSE HOUSE
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F L Wright (1932)
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
INFLUENCE ON USA- MILLARD HOUSE HOUSE
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F L Wright (1923)
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
INFLUENCE ON USA- WAINWRIGHT BUILDING
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Architect – Louis Sullivan (1890-91)
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
INFLUENCE ON USA- WAINWRIGHT BUILDING
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Architect – Louis Sullivan (1890-91)
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
INFLUENCE ON USA- WAINWRIGHT BUILDING
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Architect – Louis Sullivan (1890-91)
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT & ART NOUVEAU
Rough Timeline
Arts and Crafts Movement – 1860s – 1910s
Art Nouveau – 1890s-1910s
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT & ART NOUVEAU
Principles
Imbibing all art forms
Art as a way of life
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
ART NOUVEAU DIFFERENT FROM ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT?
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
ART NOUVEAU DIFFERENT FROM ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT?
Use of New Materials
Protest against the traditional
“William Morris was the theoretician whose beliefs more than those of anyone else initiated the Art Nouveau movement”
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
ALFRED DE MUSSET CONFESSIONS D’UN ENFANT DU SIÉCLE (1836)
Cabinet of Curiosities (1690) by Domenico Remps
“ The apartments of the rich are cabinets of curiosities: a conglomeration of Classical Antiquity….something from every century except our own, a predicament which has arisen in no other period…. So that we seem to be subsisting on the ruins of the past, as if the end
of the world were near”
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
HEYGATE MACKMURDO (1851 – 1941) TITLE PAGE (1883)
“ Mackmurdo’D first graphic expression of Art Nouveau is generally accepted as his title page for Wren’s City Churches, published by G Allen in 1883”
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
HEYGATE MACKMURDO (1851 – 1941) CHAIR (1883)
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
MAISON DE L'ART NOUVEAU
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Opened on 1895, Paris
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
CHARLES RENNIE MACKINTOSH (1868 –1928 )
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Glasgow School of Art (1897)
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
CHARLES RENNIE MACKINTOSH (1868 –1928 )
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Glasgow School of Art (1897)
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
CHARLES RENNIE MACKINTOSH (1868 –1928 )
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The Lighthouse, Glasgow (1895)
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
CHARLES RENNIE MACKINTOSH (1868 –1928 )
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The Lighthouse, Glasgow (1895)
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
CHARLES RENNIE MACKINTOSH (1868 –1928 )
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Mackintosh Chair
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
ANTONI GAUDÍ (1852 –1926 )
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Sagrada Família (1883)
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
ANTONI GAUDÍ (1852 –1926 )
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Sagrada Família (1883)
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
LOUIS SULLIVAN (1856 –1924 )
Wainwright building(1890)
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
LOUIS SULLIVAN (1856 –1924 )
Wainwright building(1890)
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
VICTOR HORTA (1861 –1947 )
Tassel House (1893)
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
VICTOR HORTA (1861 –1947 )
Tassel House (1893)
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
VICTOR HORTA (1861 –1947 )
Tassel House (1893)
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ANTONI GAUDÍ (1852 –1926 )
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Casa Milà (1907)
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
ANTONI GAUDÍ (1852 –1926 )
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Casa Milà (1907)
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
LOUIS SULLIVAN (1856 –1924 )
Merchants' National Bank (1914)
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
LOUIS SULLIVAN (1856 –1924 )
Merchants' National Bank (1914)
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
PETER BEHRENS (1868 –1940 )
AEG Turbine Factory (1908)
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
JOSEF HOFFMANN (1870 –1956 )
Kubus armchair(1910)
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History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Arts and Crafts Movement + Art Nouveau
REFERENCE
Cumming, Elizabeth and Kaplan, Wendy. 1991. The Arts and Crafts Movement. London : Thames and Hudson, 1991. ISBN 0-500-20248-6.
Watkin, David. 1996. A history of Western Architecture. London : Laurence King, 1996. ISBN 1856690822.
Duncan, Alastair. 1999. Art Nouveau. London : Thames and Hudson, 1999. ISBN 0-500-20273-7.
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