leed 521: energy modeling for leed using equestusing · pdf fileleed 521: energy modeling for...

LEED 521: Energy Modeling for LEEDUsing eQUESTUsing eQUEST

Christian E. Stalberg, PrincipalNatural Intelligence LLCNatural Intelligence, LLC

AF F I L I A T E

LEED 521

Information Transfer GoalsLEED 521

Information Transfer Goalssection one: Introduction to LEED Energysection one: Introduction to LEED Energy Modeling

section two: Complying With LEED/ASHRAE Requirements

section three: Building Energy Modeling

LEED 521

ObjectivesLEED 521

ObjectivesUnderstand Building Energy Modeling and Its Role inUnderstand Building Energy Modeling and Its Role in LEED

Understand ASHRAE 90.1 Appendix G for EAp2 & EAc1

Model a simple building using eQUEST softwareGenerate Reports from software for EAc1Complete LEED Online EAc1 templateComplete LEED Online EAc1 template

Introduction to LEEDsection one

Introduction to LEEDEnergy Modelinggy gEAp2 - Minimum Energy PerformanceOption 1: Whole Building Energy Simulationp g gy

&EAc1 - Optimize Energy PerformanceO ti 1 Wh l B ildi E Si l tiOption 1: Whole Building Energy SimulationChristian E. Stalberg, PrincipalN t l I t lli LLCNatural Intelligence, LLC

United States Green Building Council (USGBC)

Whole Building Energy Simulation

g ( )Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED)

Whole Building Energy Simulation

Whole Building Energy SimulationLEED EAp2 & EAc1: Option 1

LEADERSHIP in ENERGY andENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN

A point-based rating system that evaluates environmental performance from a whole pbuilding perspective

USGBC comUSGBC.com

USGBC.com

EA Prerequisite 2: Minimum Energy Performance

To establish the minimum level of energy

Intent

To establish the minimum level of energy efficiency for the proposed building and systems to reduce environmentaland economic impacts associated with excessive energy use.

EA Credit 1: Optimize Energy Performance

To achieve increasing levels of energy

Intent

To achieve increasing levels of energy performance beyond the prerequisite standard to reduce environmental andeconomic impacts associated with excessive energy use.

ASHRAE Appendix G Performance Rating Method

Comply with mandatory provisions of ASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Energy Standard

Determine energy savings using an energy model(Use Appendix G of ASHRAE 90.1‐2007) Additional requirements per UGSBC Reference Guide Additional requirements per UGSBC Reference Guide

Wall, Window area(Geometry)

Setpoint / Setback Temperatures

Building Envelope

LightingDegree Hour

Solar Radiation

HVAC SystemsEnergy

Consumption Fresh air intake

Outside Temperatures

Service Hot Water

(kWh)Energy Peak Loads

Wall, Window, Door (Material Properties)

Lighting, equipment

Receptacle Chiller Specs

Occupancy, Schedule of operation

ALLReceptacle,

Process Loads

Exterior Lighting

PROPOSED CURRENT DESIGN SPECIFICATION

ARCHITECT’S & M.E.P. SPECIFICATIONS

Wall / Internal Partitions (UFactor)Windows (UFactor, SHGC, Tvis, Shading Coefficient)

Building Envelope

ARCHITECT’S Roof (UFactor, Reflectance)Floor (UFactor)

Heating, Ventilating & Air-ConditioningVentilation type (mechanical)

& M.E.P. SPECIFICATIONS

Ventilation type (mechanical)Heating & Cooling (type, schedule, energy source)

Service Water HeatingType, Operation schedule

Other EquipmentEquipment Power Density / Receptacle Loads

Activity ScheduleSchedule - hours, days (holidays)

LightingControl (auto) Lighting energy (LPD)Control (auto), Lighting energy (LPD)Operation schedule, Luminaire type, Radiant FractionTask / display light (gain, operation schedule)

BASELINE INPUTS FROM ASHRAE 90.1-2007

Appendix GPERFORMANCE RATING METHOD (PRM)

Baseline should be independent of its orientation Baseline is rotated FOUR times (0d, 90d, 180d, 270d)

and average value is computed:

REQUIREMENTS

and average value is computed:ENERGY (kWh)PEAK (kW)COST ($/yr)

0d Rotation 90d Rotation…….

BUILDINGENVELOPE REQUIREMENTS

BUILDING

B li h ld b i d d t f h d (t h i b hi h th b ildi b h d d)

ENVELOPE REQUIREMENTS - SHADING

Baseline should be independent of shades (techniques by which the building can be shaded)

Proposed Baseline

HVAC REQUIREMENTSHVAC REQUIREMENTS

HVAC REQUIREMENTS Zoning based on HVAC systems’ design

HVAC REQUIREMENTS (contd.)

LIGHTING (INTERIOR)( )REQUIREMENTS

LIGHTING (EXTERIOR)( )REQUIREMENTS

SERVICE WATER HEATINGREQUIREMENTS

RECEPTACLE & PROCESSLOADS

ENERGY COST SAVINGS ($)MAJOR RENOVATIONS = 5%NEW CONSTRUCTION = 10%

EAp2: Minimum Energy PerformanceEnergy PerformanceRequired to obtain2 points2 points

ENERGY COST SAVINGS ($)MAJOR RENOVATIONS = 8-44%NEW CONSTRUCTION = 12-48%

EAc1: Optimize Energy PerformanceEnergy Performance1-19 points

Whole Building Energy SimulationWhat are the building blocks?

Whole Building Energy SimulationTHE BUILDING BLOCKS

Weather Data1

Building Data2

Systems Data3

Plant Data4

Economic Data5

Complying withsection two

p y gRequirementsASHRAE 90.1-2007A di G P f R iAppendix G – Performance Rating Method

Christian E. Stalberg, PrincipalNatural Intelligence, LLC

Complying With RequirementsASHRAE 90.1-2007 Appendix G

Performance Rating Method

p y g q

Performance Rating Method

Complying With RequirementsASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Appendix G

ASHRAE / IESNA 90.1-2007Energy standard for buildings EXCEPT low-rise residential

Purpose•Establishes minimum requirements for energy-efficient design of buildings, EXCEPTlow-rise residential buildings.D NOT l t i l f il h lti f il t t f•Does NOT apply to single-family houses, multi-family structures of

3 or fewer above grade, manufactured houses (mobile & modular homes) or buildings that do not use either electricity or fossil fuel.

Performance Rating Method (Appendix G)Provides a method for demonstrating performance beyond ASHRAE / IESNA 90 1 2007 standardsIESNA 90.1‐2007 standards.

In all cases, the mandatory provisions must still be met!

What are we calculating?

Annual energy cost of BASELINE & PROPOSED building for comparisoncomparison

Proposed building should meet all Mandatory Provisions!!

In order to compare (baseline vs. proposed),p ( p p ),

- Use same computer simulation programs- Use same climate data- Use same purchased energy rates- Use same purchased energy rates- Use same schedules of operation (except for energy

efficiency features)

Percentage Improvement:Percentage Improvement:

(Baseline rating – Proposed rating)

(Baseline rating)(Baseline rating)

Complying With Requirements

Wh d l?ASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Appendix G

What to model?

Major Components of ASHRAE 90.1-2007B ildi E l• Building Envelope

• Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning• Service Water Heating• Power• Power• Lighting• Other Equipment

Examples of Specific Inputs in the Model include• HVAC systems (fans, pumps, exhaust, etc)• Office equipment (computers, etc)• Elevators, Escalators• Process Energy (Kitchen Cooking & Refrigeration)• Laundry washing & drying (usually in Receptacles)• Lighting energy requirement (internal & external)Lighting energy requirement (internal & external)• Process Lighting (medical equipment, etc)

Wh d l?ASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Appendix G

What to model?

Baseline & Proposed Model Compliance for

• Space Use Classification• Schedule of Operation• Occupancy• Occupancy• Orientation• Building Envelope• Lighting SystemsLighting Systems• HVAC Systems• Service Hot Water Systems• Energy Rates

Space Use ClassificationASHRAE 90.1 SpaceU Cl ifi ti

ASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Appendix GSpace Use Classification Use Classification

Building Area TypesAutomotive facilityConvention center Courthouse Dining: bar lounge/leisure

Multifamily Museum Office Parking garageDining: bar lounge/leisure

Dining: cafeteria/fast food Dining: family Dormitory Exercise center

Parking garage Penitentiary Performing arts theater Police/fire station Post officeExercise center

Gymnasium Health-care clinic Hospital Hotel

Post office Religious building Retail School/university Sports arenaHotel

Library Manufacturing facility Motel Motion picture theater

Sports arena Town hall Transportation Warehouse WorkshopMotion picture theater Workshop

Schedule of OperationOperating HoursASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Appendix G

Schedule of OperationBaseline Proposed

Schedules should be capable of modelingSchedules should be capable of modeling,Occupancy

Lighting PowerMisc Equipment Powerq pThermostat SetpointsHVAC System Operation

Use accurate schedule (from client)Alternatively, use California Nonresidential ACM Approval Manual or ASHRAE Table G-E through G-N.

Schedule of OperationOperating HoursASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Appendix G

Schedule of OperationBaseline Proposed

For proposed, NON-STANDARD Schedules possible,Lighting Controls

Natural VentilationDemand Control VentilationEtc…

B t d t id t i d t ti !!!But, need to provide extensive documentation!!!

Schedule of OperationOccupancyASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Appendix G

Schedule of Operation

Source: California Nonresidential Alternative Calculation Method (ACM) Manual

Complying With RequirementsOccupancy DensityASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Appendix G

Baseline ProposedUse occupancy information from project information

Same as proposed design.project information

Use actual occupancy information (from client)information (from client)

Use ASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Table G‐B

(Still not available? then try California Title 24 / California Nonresidential ACM ApprovalNonresidential ACM Approval Manual; Table N2‐2 & N2‐3: Occupancy Assumptions)

Complying With RequirementsOccupancyASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Appendix G

OrientationRotationsASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Appendix G

OrientationBaseline Proposed

90d Rotation…….

180d Rotation…….

0d Rotation(Actual Orientation)

270d Rotation…….AVERAGE RESULTS

No Self Shading for baseline building!

Building EnvelopeExceptionsASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Appendix G

Building EnvelopeBaseline Proposed

Un‐insulated assemblies (Less than 5% need not be modeled)Surface angles (orientation & tilt)

B ildi E l

Proposed

Building Envelope

Proposed

Exterior roof surfaces may be modeled with reflectance 0.45if the reflectance of the proposed design roof is greater than 0.70 and its emittance is greater than 0.75. All other roof surfaces will be modeled with a reflectance of 0.30.

Manually operated shading devices such as blinds and shades will noty p gbe modeled.

Automatically controlled fenestration shades or blinds may be modeled, however permanent shading devices such as fins overhangs and lighthowever permanent shading devices such as fins, overhangs, and light shelves may be modeled.

Building EnvelopeASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Appendix GBuilding Envelope

Non Residential Residential Semi Heated

B ildi E lASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Appendix G

Building EnvelopeNon Residential Residential Semi Heated

Building EnvelopeASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Appendix GBuilding Envelope

Non Residential Residential Semi Heated

Skylight area equal to proposed or 5% of gross roof area (whichever is smaller).y g q p p g ( )

Building EnvelopeFenestrationASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Appendix G

Maximum 40%(distributed on each face)(distributed on each face)

Building EnvelopeShading ProjectionsASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Appendix G

Fins, overhangs & light shelves may be modeled

Proposed Baseline

Thermal Blocks HVAC Zones DesignedThermal ZoningASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Appendix G

Thermal Blocks – HVAC Zones DesignedWhen zones already designed (physically determined by HVAC system) they may be combined into thermal blocks.

Thermal BlockSimilar loads, systems combined into a single block for modeling purposesmodeling purposes

HVAC zones to Thermal Blocks (Conditions; all should be met)met)1. Same space use classification (load & schedule)2. For exterior, glazing should be in same orientation (within 45 deg)3. All HVAC zones in a thermal block must be served by same HVAC system

ki d f HVAC or same kind of HVAC system

Th l Bl k HVAC Z N t D i dASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Appendix G

When zones and systems not yet designed thermal blocks shall be

Thermal Blocks – HVAC Zones Not Designed

designed, thermal blocks shall be defined based on similar internal load densities, occupancy, lighting, and thermal and space lighting, and thermal and space temperature schedules.

Other criteria are specified in pTable G3.1.8

Lighting SystemsInterior Lighting PowerAll C l l ti

ASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Appendix GLighting SystemsBaseline Proposed

Allowance Calculation

Choose: Building Area MethodorSpace by Space Methodp y p

Lighting SystemsInterior Lighting PowerAll C l l ti

ASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Appendix GLighting Systems Allowance Calculation

Lighting SystemsInterior Lighting PowerA t ti Li hti C t l

ASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Appendix GLighting SystemsBaseline Proposed

Automatic Lighting Controls

Beam Detectors

Passive (IR) Detectors

Complying With RequirementsInterior Lighting PowerA t ti Li hti C t l

ASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Appendix G

Lighting Systems Automatic Lighting Controls

HVAC SystemsCooling & Heating S t

ASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Appendix GHVAC SystemsBaseline Proposed

System

If no cooling system g yis specified in proposed, include similar to baseline

If no heating system i ifi d i is specified in proposed, include electric heating

HVAC SystemsHVAC System TypeASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Appendix G

HVAC SystemsBaseline Proposed

Based on building type (usage), area & heating fuel sourceheating fuel source

HVAC Systems

PTAC – Packaged Terminal A/CPTHP – Packaged Terminal Heat PumpPSZ-AC – Packaged Single Zone A/CPSZ-HP – Packaged Terminal Heat PumpVAV V i bl Ai V lVAV – Variable Air VolumePFP – Parallel Fan Powered

HVAC Systems

HVAC SystemsHVAC System Type(C bi d Ch t)

ASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Appendix GHVAC Systems (Combined Chart)

HVAC SystemsHVAC System TypeTh l Bl k

ASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Appendix GHVAC Systems Thermal Blocks

For systems 1 2 3 & 4For systems 1,2,3 & 4Each Thermal Block shall be modeled with its own HVAC systemHVAC system

For systems 5,6,7 & 8Each floor shall be modeled with a separate HVAC system.

Floors with identical thermal blocks can be grouped together.

HVAC SystemsHVAC System TypeU t H

ASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Appendix GHVAC Systems

Baseline ProposedOversize RatiosHeating 25%

Unmet Hours

Cooling 15%

Unmet HoursT l 300 hTotal 300 hrsDifference 50 hrs

Outdoor Ventilation RatesOutdoor Ventilation RatesSame (Proposed & Baseline)

HVAC SystemsHVAC System TypeO td V til ti R t

Minimum VentilationPer ASHRAE 62.1-2007 (People, area, space type)

Outdoor Ventilation Rates

HVAC SystemsFansASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Appendix G

Fan System OperationFan System Operation

Supply & return fans Operate continuously whenever spaces are OCCUPIED, and shall be

Supply, return and/or exhaust fans will remain ON (at all

cycled to meet heating & cooling loads during UNOCCUPIED hours.

(times) in spaces that have health & safety mandated minimum ventilation.

Design Supply Airflow Rates for baseline building:Design Supply Airflow Rates for baseline building:

Option 1: Supply‐Air‐to‐Room‐Air Temperature Difference of 20 degrees F Whichever is greater!Option 2: Required Ventilation AirOption 3: Makeup Air

Whichever is greater!

HVAC SystemsFan Motor Efficiency“ t HP”

ASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Appendix GHVAC Systems “next HP”

HVAC SystemsEconomizers &E R

Baseline ProposedEnergy Recovery

Exhaust Air Energy Recovery (Mandatory)gy y ( y)

5000 CFM (Supply) AND =>70% Outdoor Air (Supply)

ERV with 50% recovery effectiveness

HVAC SystemsChillersASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Appendix G

For Systems 7 & 8,Electric chillers (baseline)Table G3.1.3.7 (type & numbers)

Chilled water designChilled water designSupply @ 44 deg FReturn @ 56 deg F

HVAC SystemsDemand Control V til ti

ASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Appendix GHVAC Systems Ventilation

Minimum outdoor air ventilation rates shall be the same for the proposed and baseline building designs

V til ti C t l f Hi h O A D d

ExceptionVentilation Controls for High Occupancy Areas: Demand Control Ventilation (DCV) – modulate the amount of outdoor air supplied to a space as a function of the number of people present.

- Standard requires DCV for all ventilation systems with design outdoor air capacities >3000 CFM serving occupancy density > 100 people / 1000 sf

- DCV is activated based on CO2 levels

- CO2 sensors located within occupied zone (or return air)

Process EnergyASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Appendix G

Process Energy

Process loads must be identical.

Minimum 25% of baseline building energy cost.

Process Energy

Table G-BFor EPD (Receptacle load))

Process Energy

Service Hot Water SystemASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Appendix G

Service Hot Water SystemBaseline Proposed

Same energy source.

P f i dPerformance required (baseline) is available in 90.1-2007

Energy RatesASHRAE 90.1‐2007 Appendix G

Energy RatesBaseline Proposed

Same rates for both baseline & proposed b ildibuilding.

Local utility or Energy InformationInformation Administration rates

Building Energy Modelingsection three

Building Energy Modeling

Process Oriented Approach to Energy Modelingpp gy g

Christian E. Stalberg, PrincipalNatural Intelligence, LLC

Building Energy ModelingHow is it done?• Creating a ‘Baseline’ model reflecting a minimally

code compliant building C

How is it done?

• Copying the baseline model then making modifications to the building including, but not limited to, one or more of the following: – HVAC– Glazing

Exterior shading– Exterior shading– Daylighting

• Comparing the performance of the modified p g pbuilding to the baseline building, i.e. energy usage and costs.

Building Energy ModelingTypical Inputs:• Building site data (weather data; orientation; adjacent

structure shadows, etc.)

• Building envelope data (heat transfer surfaces e.g. walls, floors, roofs, windows, window shades & overhangs)overhangs)

• Building operations and scheduling (occupancy, thermostat setpoints, daylighting photosensors, HVAC h d l )HVAC schedules)

• Internal loads (e.g. body heat, lights, equipment)• HVAC equipment & performance• HVAC equipment & performance• Utility rates (electric/gas, peak/off-peak)• Economic parameters (life-cycle costing, interest p ( y g,

rates)

Building Energy ModelingTypical Outputs:• Summary of annual projected utility costs and savings• Performance graphs (e.g., monthly energy use for gas

and electric monthly facility peak kW etc ) in

and electric, monthly facility peak kW, etc.) in comparison to the baseline

• Input parameter information (e.g., internal load specifications, building envelope characteristics, HVAC system definitions, etc.)

• Assumptions of building characteristics (e.g., p g ( g ,schedules, HVAC set points, etc.)

• Notations of changes from previous models (e.g., changes made between baseline and modelingchanges made between baseline and modeling iterations)

• Interpretation of resultsS f i d fil ( l i )• Software input and output files (electronic)

QUEST M d li S ft St t

Building Energy ModelingeQUEST Modeling Software Structure• eQuest contains multiple user interfaces (3) that

correspond to the design processcorrespond to the design process– Schematic Design wizard– Design Development wizard

D t il d I t f– Detailed Interface• All of these interfaces produce an input text file

containing Building Description Language (BDL)DOE2 2 hi fil f h b ildi– DOE2.2 uses this file for the building energy calculations

– You can work directly in the BDL file (“fourth” user i t f )interface)

– BDL is located in eQuest/project/projectname/projectname.inp (“the inp file”)inp file”)

QUEST U I t f & W kfl

Building Energy ModelingeQUEST User Interfaces & Workflow

• Schematic Design wizard good for preliminary analyses. g g p y yHas default values and built-in workflow. Limitation: can only create one building shell

• Design Development wizard can create multiple shellsDesign Development wizard can create multiple shells for a single building. Also has default values and built-in workflow.

• Detailed Interface allows for greatest flexibility and while• Detailed Interface allows for greatest flexibility and while it has default values, there is no workflow.

NOTE:A ‘shell’ is any area of a building that shares the same or a

similar footprint, HVAC zoning, ceiling height, envelopesimilar footprint, HVAC zoning, ceiling height, envelope construction type or HVAC services.

Building Energy ModelingImportant eQUEST Rule

• Once you’ve used a user interface to make a change y gin the model, you cannot return to a more simple user interface without over-writing those changes, e.g. going from Schematic wizard to Design Developmentgoing from Schematic wizard to Design Development wizard and back.

• In other words, you can go from a simple to more complex interface, but not backwards without losing changes.

Building Energy ModelingeQUEST Model Input Data CollectionQ p

Building Energy ModelingeQUEST Model Input Data Collection (contd.)Q p ( )

eQUEST Simulation Summary ReportBuilding Energy Modeling

eQUEST Simulation Summary Report (contd.)Building Energy Modeling

y p ( )

Detailed eQUEST/DOE-2 (SIM) ReportsBuilding Energy ModelingDetailed eQUEST/DOE 2 (SIM) Reports

Building Energy ModelingDetailed eQUEST/DOE-2 (SIM) Reports (contd.)Detailed eQUEST/DOE 2 (SIM) Reports (contd.)

Detailed eQUEST/DOE-2 (SIM) Reports (contd )Building Energy ModelingDetailed eQUEST/DOE-2 (SIM) Reports (contd.)

Building Energy ModelingLEED 3.0 Excel Spreadsheetp

Building Energy ModelingeQUEST Design Development Wizard Tour

• Find the eQUEST Introductory Tutorial included in

eQUEST Design Development Wizard Tour

Q yyour eQUEST version 3.64 install at ~\eQUEST 3-64 Data\Tutorials\All\Introductory TutorialG t 83 f 145• Go to page 83 of 145

• Follow along with the instructor

eQUEST Design Development Wizard Exercise

Building Energy ModelingeQUEST Design Development Wizard Exercise

• Load into eQUEST 7th& Lane Sample Project (file folder distributed prior to pclass)

• Go to page 191 of 602 in the eQUESTin the eQUEST Training Workbook and perform the exercise Enter inputsexercise. Enter inputs identified by red font, otherwise accept defaultsdefaults.

LEED NC Exercise

Building Energy ModelingLEED NC Exercise

• Now we take the completed 7th& Lane model and turn it into aturn it into a baseline building per LEED ((instructor led exercise).

eQUEST LEED Compliance AnalysisBuilding Energy ModelingeQUEST LEED Compliance Analysis

Contact information• Christian Stalberg• Christian Stalberg• Tel. 919-801-0734• Email: cstalberg@naturalintelligence us• Email: cstalberg@naturalintelligence.us

Sustainable Performance InstituteSustainable Performance Institutehttp://www.sustainable-performance.org

leed 521: energy modeling for leed using equestusing · pdf fileleed 521: energy modeling for...

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