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PETE 689Underbalanced Drilling(UBD)
Lesson 1
IntroductionRead: Underbalanced Drilling Manual
Chapter 1
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Introduction
Course Syllabus Texts
Grading
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Introduction
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
What is UBD Why Drill Underbalanced
Techniques and Limitations
Historical Perspectives
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Course Syllabus
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
PETE 689:
Special Topics in Underbalanced Drilling
Prerequisites: Graduate Classification
Credit: 3 hours
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Course Description
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
This course provides an introduction andapplication of techniques that can beutilized in underbalanced drilling. It willcover topics such as BOP equipment, the
types of drilling fluids used (air, mistfoam, etc.), flow drilling, and mud capdrilling.
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Text
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
Underbalanced Drilling Manual
Gas Research Institute, GRI,Chicago, 1997.May be able to get it at the TAMU
Bookstore.
Can be purchased online from the SPE,IADC, and other Petroleum PublishingCompanies.
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References
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
A project Management Approach To
Underbalanced Operations.Signa Engineering Corp., Houston, 1998.
Mudlite Air/Mist/Foam Hydraulics
Model.Maurer Engineering Inc., Houston, 1988
Selected papers and texts.
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Grading
Exam A 10/15/2003 25%
Exam B 12/04/2003 25% Class Project (presentations) 25%
Homework 25%
Dates are subject to change depending on the studentand Instructor schedules. Please check your schedulesthis week and we will discuss the actual dates onThursday.
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Instructor
Dr. Jerome J. Schubert, PE, CPA
Phone: 979/862-1195 Office: Richardson Rm 501K
e-mail: schubert@spindletop.tamu.edu
Lecture Location:http://pumpjack.tamu.edu/~schubert
click on PETE 689_UBD
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Office Hours
Tuesday & Thursday.
10:00 - 11:30 a.m.
Or whenever I am in my office.
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What is UBD
Wellbore pressures intentionallymaintained below formation pressurein the open hole section.
Formation fluids flow into the well.
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Additional Definitions
Flow (Live) operations.
Operations intentionally undertakenwith a liquid drilling fluid systemwhere the hydrostatic pressure
exerted by the liquid column is belowformation pore pressure such that theformation fluid is allowed to flow tothe surface during the operations.
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Additional Definitions, cont Gasified Fluid Operations.
(Aerated Fluid Operated).
Operations intentionallyundertaken with a two-phasedrilling fluid containing some
form of gas mixed with a liquidphase.
Gasified fluids normally do notcontain a surfactant.
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Additional Definitions, cont
Foam Operations:
Operations intentionallyundertaken with a two-phasedrilling fluid containing someform of gas mixed with a
liquid phase and tied togetherwith a surfactant.
The liquid is the continuousphase.
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Additional Definitions, cont
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
Mist Operations:
Intentionally drilling with atwo-phase fluid having a gasas the continuous phase.
The liquid in this fluidsystem is suspended in themixture as droplets.
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Additional Definitions, cont
Air Operations:
Intentionally drilling using apure gas as the drilling fluid.
The gas can be air, nitrogen,natural gas, or any
combination of gases.
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Additional Definitions, cont
Mudcap Operations:
Operations undertaken when the annularpressure during flow drilling exceeds thesafe pressure limit of the rotating controlelement.
Mudcap operations are not UB operation,but often are a result of drillingunderbalanced and employ many of thesame techniques and equipment.
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Additional Definitions, cont
Snubbing Operations:
An intentional operation thatemploys either a snubbing unit orcoiled-tubing unit in order tooperate at surface pressures that
exceed the limits of rotatingcontrol elements such as rotatingheads or rotating blowoutpreventers.
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Additional Definitions, cont
Coiled-tubing drilling:
Use of a continuous-spool of pipe todrill with instead of the conventional
jointed drillpipe.
CT units were originally designed to
operate on live wells with surfacepressure, without the requirementthat the well be killed prior toentering the wellbore.
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Why drill underbalanced?
Increased Penetration Rate.
Increased Bit Life.
Minimized Lost Circulation.
Minimize Differential Sticking.
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Why drill underbalanced?
Reduced Formation Damage.
Earlier Production.
Reduced Stimulation Requirements.
Improved Formation Evaluation.
Environmental Benefits.
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Historical perspectives
UBD operations are as old as thedrilling industry:
First wells were drilled with cabletool.
Cable tool drilling wasunderbalanced.
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Historical perspectives
In 1866 a patent for air drillingwas issued.
First recorded use of a gasifiedfluid was in West Texas in 1932.
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Historical perspectives
In 1938 mist was used by
The Texas Company to drill inCalifornia.
Natural gas was continuous
phase and oil was the liquidphase.
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Historical perspectives
Interest dropped off using gas asa drilling fluid until the 1950swere it showed a resurgence in:
Canada.
West and Central Texas.
Utah.
San Juan Basin of New Mexico.
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Historical Perspectives
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
Typical of Nat Gas operations in New Mexico
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Historical Perspectives
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
Early Air Compressors used in air drilling
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HistoricalPerspectives
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
Natural Gasdrilling in
West Texas.
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Historical Perspectives
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
In the 1960s, the
U.S. AtomicEnergy
Commission
began to study the
use of foams toclean wellbores as
large as 60 in
diameter from 45
feet as 2000 feet.
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Historical perspectives
Until the mid 1980s UBD was
just a niche industry, and onlyutilized in certain areasaround the world.
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Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
Mid 1980s Horizontal DrillingBecame Fairly Common (Plot
is for three companies)
Year
No.ofW
ells
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Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
Mid 1980s Horizontal Drilling
Became Fairly Common (Plot is
for three companies)
Year
Total
LightweightFluidWells Growth in Horizontal Drilling
Spurred the Resurgence in UBD(US operations)
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Until 1987 the maximumworking pressure rating of
rotating heads was 150-300psi.
RBOP was developed with aworking pressure of 1000 psi.
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Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
Rotating Control DevicesRBOP-1000 psi (1987) PCWD-3000 psi (1995) RCH-2500 psi (1995)
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Closed Loop System Allows re-use of the drilling fluids in foam
systems environmentally friendly.
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Nitrogen
Generation System
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Electromagnetic
MWD Tools
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Hollow Glass Spheres
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Factors Leading
to Increased UBD
Horizontal Drilling.
Closed Systems. High-Pressure Rotating Control
Devices.
Electromagnetic MWD Systems.
HP HV Compressors.
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Factors Leading
to Increased UBD
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
Increased Availability of Nitrogen.
Better Reservoir and Rock Strength
Analysis.
Improved Hydraulics Analysis.
Percussion Tools.
Ability to Re-Circulate Fluids.
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PETE 689Underbalanced Drilling(UBD)
Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering
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