modeling fiber anisotropy in multiscale musculoskeletal...

MultiScaleHuman

Marie Curie Research training network

Hon Fai Choi

MIRALab, University of Geneva, Switzerland

choi@miralab.ch

Modeling fiber anisotropy in multiscale

musculoskeletal soft tissues

1MIRALab, University of Geneva www.miralab.ch

IMI - NTU research seminar Singapore, June 17th, 2014

MultiScaleHuman

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Introduction

2MIRALab, University of Geneva www.miralab.ch

IMI - NTU research seminar Singapore, June 17th, 2014

Anatomical modeling

Static evaluation:

geometry, volumes, …

[HMH14]

[HMH14] Handsfield GG, Meyer CH, Hart JM, Abel MF, Blemker SS. Relationships of 35 lower limb muscles to height and body mass quantified using MRI, 2014.

Hiphealth.ca

www.123rf.com

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Introduction

3MIRALab, University of Geneva www.miralab.ch

IMI - NTU research seminar Singapore, June 17th, 2014

Anatomical modeling

Tissue structure modeling

Physical simulations

Static evaluation:

geometry, volumes, …

Mechanical response:

elasticity, anisotropy, ….

Dynamic evaluation:

deformation, articulation, …

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Moment:F x r

F

r

Introduction

• Fiber architecture important determinant for function:

IMI - NTU research seminar Singapore, June 17th, 2014

4MIRALab, University of Geneva www.miralab.ch

Muscles: force and moment generating capacity

Connective tissue: tensile strength weight bearing joint stability

Ligaments

Menisci

Tendons

thesteadmanclinic.com

activemotionphysio.ca

Force

Displacement

)()( tl

tr

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Motivation

• Medical images provide

geometry for anatomical

models:

5MIRALab, University of Geneva www.miralab.ch

• How to incorporate

internal fiber structure?

?

http://people.fmarion.edu/tbarbeau

IMI - NTU research seminar Singapore, June 17th, 2014

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Motivation

• Measurement anatomical fiber arrangements

6MIRALab, University of Geneva www.miralab.ch

Cadaver dissection

Expensive, invasive usually not 3D Sparse measurements Translation to subject-specific models?

Ultrasound Mostly planar measurements limited scan depth

DT-MRI Noisy data Fiber tracing not robust Only works for muscles

[WES09]

[KBK10]

[WES09] SR Ward, CM Eng, LH Smallwood and RL Lieber. Are current measurements of lower extremity muscles architecture accurate?, Clin Orthop Relat Res 467: 1074-82, 2009

[HCK11] RD Herbert, J Clarke, LK Kwah et al. In vivo passive mechanical behaviour of muscle fascicles and tendons in human gastrocnemius muscle-tendon units,

J Physiolology 589: 5257-67, 2011

[BLD07] Budzik JF, Le Thuc V, Demondion X et al. In vivo MR tractography of thigh muscles using diffusion imaging: initial results, Eur Radiol 17:3079-3085, 2007

[KBK10] E Kermarrec, JF Budzik, C Khalil et al. In vivo diffusion tensor imaging and tractography of human thigh muscles in healthy subjects, AJR Am J Roentgenol 195: W352-6, 2010

[HCK11]

IMI - NTU research seminar Singapore, June 17th, 2014

[BLD07]

Difficult in 3D

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Motivation

• Medical images provide

geometry for anatomical

models:

7MIRALab, University of Geneva www.miralab.ch

• How to incorporate

internal fiber structure?

Computationalapproaches

to generate plausiblerepresentations

http://people.fmarion.edu/tbarbeau

IMI - NTU research seminar Singapore, June 17th, 2014

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Related work

8MIRALab, University of Geneva www.miralab.ch

Muscles:

Action lines template warping

[MSP09] X Maurice, A Sandholm, N Pronost et al. A subject-specific software solution for the modeling and visualization of muscles deformations. Vis Comput 25: 835-42, 2009.

[BLD05] SS Blemker and SL Delp. Three-dimensional representation of complex muscle architectures and geometries. Ann Biomed Eng 33: 661-73, 2005.

HCL10]: T Heimann, F Chung , H Lamecker and H Delingette. Subject-specific ligament models: towards a real-time simulation of the knee joint. In MICCAI 2009 Workshop Proceedings –

Computational Biomechanics for Medicine, pp 98-109, 2010.

[ERD13]: A Erdemir. Open Knee: A pathway to community driven modeling and simulation in joint biomechanics. In proceedings of the ASME/FDA 1st Annual Frontiers in Medical Devices, 2013.

[MSP09]

[BLD05]

Ligaments/menisci:

centerline + diffusion gradient

Hexahedral mesh

[ERD13]

[HCL10]

• Variety of computational methods proposed

IMI - NTU research seminar Singapore, June 17th, 2014

MultiScaleHuman

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Related work

• Multitude of methods not practical for medical applications

IMI - NTU research seminar Singapore, June 17th, 2014

9MIRALab, University of Geneva www.miralab.ch

[MSP09]

[BLD05]

[HCL10]

[ERD13]

[MSP09] X Maurice, A Sandholm, N Pronost et al. A subject-specific software solution for the modeling and visualization of muscles deformations. Vis Comput 25: 835-42, 2009.

[BLD05] SS Blemker and SL Delp. Three-dimensional representation of complex muscle architectures and geometries. Ann Biomed Eng 33: 661-73, 2005.

[ERD13]: A Erdemir. Open Knee: A pathway to community driven modeling and simulation in joint biomechanics. In proceedings of the ASME/FDA 1st Annual Frontiers in Medical Devices, 2013.

[HCL10]: T Heimann, F Chung , H Lamecker and H Delingette. Subject-specific ligament models: towards a real-time simulation of the knee joint. In MICCAI 2009 Workshop Proceedings –

Computational Biomechanics for Medicine, pp 98-109, 2010.

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Research question

• Multitude of methods not practical for medical applications

• Common approach possible?

– Fiber architecture is similar across tissues:

• Ordering in bundles running between attachments

IMI - NTU research seminar Singapore, June 17th, 2014

10MIRALab, University of Geneva www.miralab.ch

Muscles Ligament, tendon

(en.wikipedia.org)

(www.rheumatologynetwork.com)

(ubcmedicalart.wordpress.com)

meniscus

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• Generation fiber orientations based on physical properties:

[CHB13] HF Choi and SS Blemker. Skeletal muscle fascicle arrangements can be reconstructed using a Laplacian vector field simulation. PLoS One 8: e77576, 2013.

Laplacian Method

IMI - NTU research seminar Singapore, June 17th, 2014

11MIRALab, University of Geneva www.miralab.ch

Laplace

equation0 v

0 v

0

Anatomical model

IdentifyAttachments

Mesh construction

[CHB13]

Solve Laplace field

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[KRS12] Klausen RA, Rasmussen AF, Stephansen AF. Velocity interpolation and streamline tracing on irregular geometries. Comput Geosci 16:261-276.

Laplacian Method

IMI - NTU research seminar Singapore, June 17th, 2014

12MIRALab, University of Geneva www.miralab.ch

Laplace equation = 0

Robust

FE simulations of deformation

Finite Element (FE) solver

Vector field

Finite Volume (FV) solver

Stress and strain

Flux field

Not robust

[KRS12]

trajectory

tracing

nVfvi

iˆ

i

ii v

xt

ˆ

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Application in muscles

IMI - NTU research seminar Singapore, June 17th, 2014

13MIRALab, University of Geneva www.miralab.ch

[CHB13] HF Choi and SS Blemker. Skeletal muscle fascicle arrangements can be reconstructed using a Laplacian vector field simulation. PLoS One 8: e77576, 2013.

= 0

[CHB13]

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• Extended approach:

– muscles with internal tendon

Application in muscles

IMI - NTU research seminar Singapore, June 17th, 2014

14MIRALab, University of Geneva www.miralab.ch

0

f rectus femoris

tibialisanterior

Modify equation to indicate tendon

with source term

Difficult meshing avoided

Awkward surface geometry

Difficult to mesh

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isotropic

with fibers

experiments

0

Application in connective tissues

IMI - NTU research seminar Singapore, June 17th, 2014

15MIRALab, University of Geneva www.miralab.ch

0

Meniscus: Multiple fibers

Apply in different

directions:

Simulations of knee displacement

Anterior

Cruciate

Ligament

Lateral

meniscus

Lateral

Collateral

Ligament

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Application in connective tissues

IMI - NTU research seminar Singapore, June 17th, 2014

16MIRALab, University of Geneva www.miralab.ch

[ERD13]Comparison with OpenKnee model:

[ERD13]: A Erdemir. Open Knee: A pathway to community driven modeling and simulation in joint biomechanics. In proceedings of the ASME/FDA 1st Annual Frontiers in Medical Devices, 2013.

OpenKnee Laplacian

1f 2f

21 ff acos

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• A Laplacian based approach provides a feasible collective

methodological basis for multiscale tissues

– Advantages:

• Equation based = reproducible

• Templates, parameter tuning avoided

• Fast linear solvers available

• Independent of mesh topology

• Multiple attachments

– Limitations:

• Dependency on boundary conditions

Conclusions

IMI - NTU research seminar Singapore, June 17th, 2014

17MIRALab, University of Geneva www.miralab.ch

Further validations needed when experimental data are more available

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Conclusions

• Impact on computer assisted intervention applications:

– Simulations of mechanical behavior soft tissue

• Incorporating fiber anisotropy needed for accurate simulation

– A collective method for fiber modeling provides a practical strategy for

implementation with broad range of usability.

– Important applications:

• Predictive deformation modeling for surgical planning

• Simulations for surgical training in arthroscopy

(still isotropic tissues in simulators)

18MIRALab, University of Geneva www.miralab.ch

isotropicF

Longitudinal fibers

[DEA04]: H Delingette and N Ayache. Soft tissue modeling for surgery simulation. In Handbook of Numerical Analysis 12 – Computational methods for the human body, pp 453-550, 2004.

[DEA04]

kneeandshoulderclinic.com

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IMI - NTU research seminar Singapore, June 17th, 2014

19

Thank you for your attention

Acknowledgements:

• Prof. Dr. Nadia Magnenat – Thalmann

(Supervisor, MSH project coordinator)

• All members of

MIRALab,

University of Geneva

• Institute for Media Innovation,

Nanyang Technological University

MultiScaleHuman project

•European FP7 Marie Curie Actions,

Initial Training Networks

• ITN-2011-289897

•multiscalehuman.miralab.ch

MIRALab, University of Geneva www.miralab.ch