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New and Future Engine OilRequirements

ICIS Asian Base Oils and Lubricants Conference8&9 June 2010Seoul, Republic of Korea

Jan Trocki - EuropeMike Brown, Ph.D. – Americas

Europe: New Developments

• Group III role in European standards

• ACEA 2008 implementation

• Emerging requirements– Biofuels compatibility

– Fuel economy

• OEM Specifications

2

Group III Entered with Extended-ODIs

10,000km

2 per year

15,000km

1 year

30,000km/

2 years

1980s 1995 2010

5W-4010W-3010W-40

0W-305W-305W-40

5W-300W-305W-30

15W-40

3

Growth of 0W-XX & 5W-XX in DIFM channels

SAE 0W-XX & 5W-XX SAE 10W-XX, 15W-XX & 20W-XX4

Trend of Diesel Engines

• Rapid technical evolution of diesel engines– Performance

– Noise

– Cost

• Longer drain intervals became possible with Direct Injection

• Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs) require low SAPS oils– ACEA C-sequences

– Low sulphur base oils

5

ACEA 2008 Sequence Implementation

Sludge

improvement

•Higher limits for A/B

categories

DI Diesel

piston

cleanliness

•VW ICTD replaced

by TDi test

•New limits for A/B

oils

Minimum TBN

levels

•Variable fuel quality

Replacement

engine tests

•MB OM646LA

•VW TDi

•Several HD tests

Fuel economy • Increase for C1

• ACEA Sequences first launched in 1996

• 6 revisions

• ACEA 2008 Oil Sequences released in Dec 2008

• Significant updates required formulation and testing

• Implementation by Dec 2009

• ACEA 2007 to be withdrawn by Dec 2010

• ACEA members considering next improvements needed

6

Next Generation Needs in Europe

• Sludge test replacement – MB M111SL test by M271SL

• Test replacements– Valve train wear

– Dispersivity

– Fuel economy?

• Impact of biodiesel on lubricant performance

• Continued development of fuel economy

7

Biofuels

• EU mandate to include “FAME” in transport diesel– FAME often high molecular

weight/low volatility

• “B5” blend adopted in most of Europe – EN590 permits up to 7%

• OEM concerns over impact of biodiesel on lubricant performance– High fuel dilution caused by

late injection

– Cold start performance

– Copper corrosion 8

New MB OM646LA Test

• New test method to evaluate lubricant with biodiesel– CEC TDG-L-104

• Piston deposits, engine sludge wear and oil degradation.

• Using the MB OM646 DE22A engine used in CEC L-099.

• Test Fuel - B15 – 85% Diesel Fuel + 15% FAME

• Test Oil diluted with 7% B100

9

The Fuel Economy Challenge

Fines per g CO2 x unit sales above target

2012130g

CO2/km

202095g

CO2/km

Source: EU Statistics

10

YUBASE plus contribution to fuel economy

MB 229.5 min.

11

OEM Specifications Continue.....

12

dexos™ 2 Exceeds ACEA C3 Performance

Courtesy: GM 13

Americas: New and Future Developments

ILSAC GF-5, API SN Resource Conserving

General Motors dexos™

SAE J300, new and lighter viscosity oils

Group III+ vs Group III base stocks

14

ILSAC GF-5

New performance level replacing GF-4

Changes versus ILSAC GF-4:New fuel economy engine test: VIDNew method for aged oils low temperature pumping viscosity Stronger engine protection against deposits, emulsion tolerance and seals compatibilityStronger protection of emission control systems

First licensing date is October 1, 2010

15

API SN and SN Resource Conserving

API SN with Resource Conservingmatches ILSAC GF-5.

API SN with Resource Conserving in the donut tells consumers that the oil meets GF-5 requirements.

• API SN (without Resource Conserving) is intended for the ROW.

• API SN can be used with “C” category oils

16

Future ILSAC and API Categories

Sequence engine parts could be depleted by 2014-2015Consider equivalency tests or new partsTakes about 5 years to develop new testsGM intends/expects to continue support for industry test development even with dexos™ program

API Group established to:Review status of existing Sequence engine testsDetermine what replacement tests are neededConsider improving the process

17

GM dexos™

GM harmonizing engine oil standards

dexos 1™ (gasoline) will start globally with 2011 model year

dexos 2™ (diesel FF/SF and gasoline engines SF) has begun in Europe and Asia

dexos™ specifications combine many aspects of ILSAC GF-5, ACEA A/B and GM proprietary tests

Important base stock note: both dexos™ standards require <13% volatility. Higher quality (high VI) base stocks must be used.

18

dexos™ Global ApplicationsFa

ctory

Fill

dexos 1 for spark ignited / dexos 2 for diesel enginesdexos 2 for spark ignited and diesel engines

dexos 1for spark ignited engines

dexos 2 for diesel engines

Serv

ice F

ill

Source: GM Powertrain

19

SAE J300 Engine Oil Viscosity Standard

SAE Work Group considering adding new engine oil viscosity grades: SAE “15”, “10” and “5”Lower HTHS viscosities should enable

increased fuel economy (FE).xW-20 gives 33~37% more fuel economy

than xW-30 grades.Looking for more FE gains with lighter grades.

Minimum oil film thickness must be balanced with engine durability.

Lighter grades are feasible with today’s Group III and III+ base stocks

20

SK Blend Studies for Lighter Grades

North American style GF-4 DI, VM (ndOCP, 35 SSI)

Fix BoV (Base oil Viscosity).

Reduce VM treat to desired HTHS viscosity ranges: 2.3, 2.0, 1.7 cP

4.75 cSt BoV must be reduced further to get to 1.7 cP minimum

for SAE “5” proposed limits.

BoV,

cSt @ 100°CVM Treat

wt%

KV,

cSt @100°CHTHS Visc.

cP @150°CSAE 0W-xx

Grade

4.75 6.75 8.7 2.62 20

4.75 3.75 7.3 2.34 “15”

4.75 0.75 6.1 2.08 “10”

4.75 0.00 5.8 1.90 “5”

First Blend Study:

21

SK Blend Studies for Lighter Grades

North American style GF-4 DI, VM (ndOCP, 35 SSI)

First lower BoV, then lower VM treat, monitor oil volatility.

Blends demonstrate lighter SAE “15 and 10” grades can be made

with today’s Group III and III+ base stocks

Must get below 4.0 cSt BoV to approach 1.7 cP HTHSV.

BoV,

cSt @ 100°CVM Treat

wt %

KV,

cSt @100°CHTHS Visc.

cP @150°CSAE 0W-

Grade

Noack

Volatility

4.75 6.75 8.7 2.62 20 ~11 %

4.13 5.25 7.3 2.36 “15” 12.0%

4.14 2.25 6.1 2.09 “10” 11.8%

4.00 0.00 5.2 1.88 “5” 12.5%

3.80 0.00 4.7 1.70 “5” ?

Second Blend Study:

22

Proposed Grades within SAE J300

23

1

10

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

HT

HS

V

isco

sit

y,

cP

@ 1

50°C

SAE Grade

High Shear Rate Viscosity

2.6 cP

Passenger Car Outlook: 2010 to 2015

• SAE 10W-30 demand peaked in 2004.– SAE 5W-30 and 5W-20 grades continue growing

• Expect growth of SAE 0W-20 grade.– Well accepted to improve fuel economy.– Honda and Toyota already recommend

SAE 0W-20 since 2006.– Detroit OEMs slowly transitioning to lighter grades.

• Group III, III+ base stocks will have more demand– More consumers preferring synthetics over

conventional oil for added performance.– Synthetics have 10 % growth rate in US market.– OEMs (GM) driving Group III, III+ demand up with

tighter engine oil volatility limits.

24

CCS Vis. @-30℃, cP

1000 1200 1400 1600 1800900

Quality of Group III+ stocks has moved closer to PAO

and GTL stocks.

GTL

No

ack

Vo

latility

, w

t%

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

High VI Base Stocks

PAO

Group III: 120-128 VI

Group III+: 130-133 VI

Source: SK data and Product Data Sheets 25

Wrap–Up: Engine Oil Requirements

Europe

ACEA considering next improvements since ACEA 2008

Biodiesel fuels impact lube performance

CO2 targets will increase fuel economy demand

Americas

New Standards: ILSAC GF-5, API SN Resource Conserving, SN, and GM dexos™

SAE J300 considering lighter engine oil grades

Industry will need replacement engine tests.

26

T H A N K Y O U

Jan Trocki

SK Lubricants Europe, B.V.

Amsterdam, the Netherlands

JanTrocki@sklubricants.com

+44 1285 750590

Mike Brown, Ph.D

SK Lubricants Americas, Inc.

Flemington, NJ, USA

Mike.Brown@SK-Houston.com

908-751-5030