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VIRTUAL MEMORY
This is about the computational technique. For
the TBN game show, seeVirtual Memory
(game show).
The program thinks it has a large range ofcontiguous addresses; but in reality the parts it
is currently using are scattered around RAM,and the inactive parts are saved in a disk file.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Memory_(game_show)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Memory_(game_show)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Memory_(game_show)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Memory_(game_show) -
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Virtual memory provides two primaryfunctions:
1.Each process has its own address space, thereby notrequired to be relocated nor required to use relativeaddressing mode.
2. Each process sees one contiguous block of free
memory upon launch. Fragmentation is hidden.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relocation_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addressing_modehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addressing_modehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragmentation_(computer)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragmentation_(computer)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addressing_modehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addressing_modehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relocation_(computer_science) -
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STORAGE VIRTUALIZATIONS
Storage virtualization refers to the processof separating (through abstraction) logical
storage from physical storage. The term istoday used to describe this separation atany layer in the storage software and
hardware stack.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstraction_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_diskhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_diskhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_stackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_stackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_diskhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_diskhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstraction_(computer_science) -
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Meta-data
The virtualization software or device isresponsible for maintaining a consistentview of all the mapping information for
the virtualized storage. This mappinginformation is usually called meta-data
and is stored as a mapping table.
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MEMORY VIRTUALIZATION
Memory virtualization decouples volatile randomaccess memory (RAM) resources from individualsystems in the data center, and then aggregatesthose resources into a virtualized memory poolavailable to any computer in the cluster. Thememory pool is accessed by the operating system
or applications running on top of the operatingsystem.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_access_memoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_access_memoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_access_memoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_access_memory -
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Benefits1. Improves memory utilization via the sharing of
scarce resources2. Increases efficiency and decreases run time
for data intensive and I/O bound applications3. Allows applications on multiple servers to
share data without replication, decreasing total
memory needs4. Lowers latency and provides faster access
than other solutions such as SSD, SAN orNAS
5. Scales linearly as memory resources areadded to the cluster and made available to thememory pool.
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NETWORK VIRTUALIZATION
Network Virtualization is the process ofcombining hardware and software networkresources and network functionality into asingle, software-based administrative entity, avirtual network. Network virtualizationinvolves platform virtualization, often
combined with resource virtualization.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_virtualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_network -
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Components of a virtual
network1.Network hardware, such as switches and networkadapters, also known as network interface cards (NICs)
2.Networks, such as virtual LANs (VLANs) and containerssuch as virtual machines and Solaris Containers
3.Network storage devices
Network media, such as Ethernet and Fibre Channel
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_adapterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_adapterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLANhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_machineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solaris_Containershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibre_Channelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibre_Channelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibre_Channelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibre_Channelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solaris_Containershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_machineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLANhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_adapterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_adapter -
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Internal and External network
virtualizationSome vendors offer both internal and external networkvirtualization software in their product line. For example,VMware provides products that offer both internal and
external network virtualization. VMware's basic approach isnetwork in the box on a single system, using virtual machinesthat are managed by hypervisor software. VMware thenprovides its VMware Infrastructure software to connect andcombine networks in multiple boxes into an externalvirtualization scenario.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMware_Infrastructurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMware_Infrastructurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMware -
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VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK
A VPN (Virtual Private Network) is acomputer network that is implemented in anadditional software layer (overlay) on top ofan existing larger network for the purpose ofcreating a private scope of computercommunications or providing a secure
extension of a private network into aninsecure network such as the Internet.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network -
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DESKTOP VIRTUALIZATIONDesktop virtualization is the concept of separating apersonal computerdesktop environment from the physicalmachine through a client-server computing model. Theresulting "virtualized" desktop is stored on a remote centralserver, instead of on the local storage of a remote client;
thus, when users work from their remote desktop client, all ofthe programs, applications, processes, and data used arekept and run centrally, allowing users to access theirdesktops on any capable device, such as a traditional
personal computer, notebook computer, smart phone, or thinclient.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_environmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client-serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notebook_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_clienthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_clienthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_clienthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_clienthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notebook_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client-serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client-serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client-serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_environmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computer -
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ADVANTAGES1. Simpler provisioning of new desktops2. Reduced downtime in the event of server or
client hardware failures
3. Lower cost of new application deployment
4. Desktop image management capabilities
5. Longer refresh cycle for client desktopinfrastructure
6. Secure remote access to the enterprise desktopenvironment
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DISADVANTAGES1. Potential security risks if the network is not properly
managed
2. Some loss of user autonomy and privacy
3. Challenges in setting up and maintaining drivers for
printers and other peripherals4. Difficulty in running certain complex applications such as
multimedia
5. Increased downtime in the event of network failures
6. Complexity and high costs of VDI deployment andmanagement
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DATABASE VIRTUALIZATION
Database virtualization is the decoupling ofthe database layer, which lies between thestorage and application layers within the
application stack. Virtualization at thedatabase layer allows hardware resources tobe extended to allow for better sharing of
resources between applications and users, aswell as enable more scalable computing.
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ADVANTAGES
1. Added flexibility and agility to the existingcomputing infrastructure
2. Enhanced database performance
3. Pool and share computing resources4. Simplify administration and management
5. Increases fault tolerance
6. Provide real-time back-up of importantbusiness data
7. Lower total cost of ownership
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fault-tolerant_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_cost_of_ownershiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_cost_of_ownershiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fault-tolerant_system -
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