nomenclature chapter 5. good news and bad news good news: no calculations! bad news: memorization!

Nomenclature

Chapter 5

Good News and Bad News

Good News: No calculations!

Bad News: Memorization!

Common Names

Sugar of lead Lead acetate

Blue vitriol copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, CuSO4·5 H2O.

Quicklime CaO

Epsom salts MgSO4·7H2O

Milk of magnesia Mg(OH)2

Gypsum CaSO4

Laughing gas N2O

Naming Compounds

Binary Compounds

Metal with a nonmetal

Two nonmetals

Binary Ionic Compounds

Contains a metal ion and a nonmetal ionCations are positive (metals) and written 1stAnions are negative (usually nonmetals) and written 2nd Table 5.1 (need to know) Notice that Hydrogen can be a cation or an

anion!

Anions change ending to ide

Type I Compounds

Metal can form only one ionMetals are from groups 1 and 2 onlyEasiest to nameThree simple rules

Rules for Type I Compounds

1. The cation is always names first and the anion is named second.

2. To name the cation, use the element name.

3. Anions have the ending changed to ide.

Examples

NaCl Sodium Chloride

KI Potassium Iodide

CaS Calcium Sulfide

CsBr Cesium Bromide

MgO Magnesium Oxide

Your Turn

Cs2O

BeFAl2O3

AgCl

Type II Ionic Compounds

Contains a cation that can have more than one charge Almost always a transition metal

Examples: Copper can be 2+ or 1+ Iron can be 2+ or 3+ Tin can be 2+ or 4+

See table 5.2 P133

Rules for naming type II

1. Name the metal as an element followed by the charge in Roman Numerals in parenthesis.

2. Name the anion as usual.

How do you find the charge? MnO2

Examples

Fe2O3 Iron (III) oxide

HgO Mercury (II) oxide

PbCl2 Lead (II) chloride

CuCl2 Copper (II) chloride

Your Turn

SnCl2PbF2

Co2O3

CuO

Type III Binary Compounds

1. The first element is named using the full element name

2. The second element is named as an anion

3. Prefixes are used to denote the numbers of atoms of each type present. See table 5.3 on P 137

4. The prefix mono is never used for naming the first element.

Examples

BF3 Boron Trifluoride

N2O3 Dinitrogen trioxide

NO Nitrogen monoxide

CO Carbon monoxide

CO2 Carbon dioxide

Your Turn

NO2

P4O6

SF6

N2O3

Naming Binary Compounds

Binary Compound?

Metal Present?

Does the Metal form more than one cation?

Type IType II

Roman Numerals

Yes

Type IIIPrefixes

Yes

Yes

No

No

Polyatomic Ions

Ions with more than one atom typeCan be cations or anoinsSee table 5.4 p 142

Oxyanions

Contain an element combined with oxygen in different proportionsExample: NO2 and NO3

Use ite and ate respectively

Worst Case Scenario

ClO-

ClO2-

ClO3-

ClO4-

HypochloriteChloriteChloratePerchlorate

Examples

Na2CO3

CsClO3

CuNO3

FePO4

Your Turn

BaSO3

NaClO4

KMnO4

Na3PO4

Naming Acids

When dissolved in water produce a H+Common acids: Citric Acid Vinegar contains acetic acid

Rules for Naming

Does it contain oxygen?1. If it does not contain oxygen, add

the prefix hydro and the suffix acid to the element.

2. If it contains oxygen,you add the suffix ic or ous and acid.

Ate goes to icIte goes to ous

Examples

HClHCNH2S

H2SO4

H2SO3

Your Turn

HClO4

H3PO4

HNO3

HNO2

Last Slide!

You need to know tables 5.5 and 5.6All the variations of halogen acids (not just chlorine (F, Br and I)Key terms