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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERINGRAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KOTA
A PRESENTATION
ONRAJASTHAN ATOMIC POWER STATION, RAWATBHATA
NUCLEAR POWER CORPORATION OF
INDIA LTD.
Submitted To:Dr. Dinesh Birla(Professor)Ashok kumar sharma(Associate Professor)
Submitted By:Abhishek malav(13/005)7-SEM(EE-1)
Rawatbhata remote town in Chittorgarh district about
64 kMs, from Kota, an industrial city of Rajasthan.
The land selected is in near Rana Pratap Sagar Dam at
the right bank of Chambal River.
The water from the reservoir of the Rana Pratap Sagar
Dam serves the requirements of the Nuclear Power
Plants.
introduction
UNIT
REACTOR TYPE Capacity (MW)
Date of Commercial
Ops1 Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor
(PHWR)100 December 16,
19732 Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor
(PHWR)200 April 1, 1981
3 Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR)
220 June 1, 2000
4 Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR)
220 December 23, 2000
5 Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR)
220 February 4, 2010
6 Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR)
220 March 31, 2010
7 Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR)
750
8 Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR)
750
INDIA’S INSTALLED CAPACITY & % SHARE BY VARIOUS SOURCES
Present Capacity 2,67,600 MWThermal 71% Coal-62%
Gas-8.5% Diesel-0.5%
Hydro 15.5%Wind / Renewable 11.5%Nuclear 2% Co
al62%
Hydro15.5%
Wind/ Renewable11.5%
Gas+Diesel9%
Nuclear2%
Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd
• 1 Kg of fire wood 1 KWh electricity
• 1 Kg of coal 3 KWh electricity
• 1 Kg of oil 4 KWh electricity
• 1 Kg of Nat. U 50,000 KWh electricity
• 1 Kg of Pu 60,000,000 KWh electricity
3. NUCLEAR FUEL
5
1000 Watt * 1 Hr = 1 KWh = 1 Unit
WHY SHOULD WE USE NUCLEAR ENERGY GENERATION?
Comparison of Fuel required to generate 1 MU electricity
kg)
~Two Fuel Bundle (27 Kg) ~700 Tones Coal
RAWATBHATA (RAJ)
TARAPUR (MAH)
KAKRAPAR (GUJ)2x 220 MWe
KAIGA (KAR)
KALPAKKAM (TN)
KUDANKULAM (TN)2x 1000 MWe
NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN INDIA
2x 220 MWe 500 MWe (PFBR)
~ 800 Kms
Coal Fields
NARORA (UP)
2x 220 MWe
2x 540 MWe
2x 160 MWe
4560 MWe - 5520MWe -
17 PHWR & 2 BWR5 PHWR, 2 LWR, 1 PFBR
1x 200 MWe 2x 220 MWe 2x 220 MWe
1x 220 MWe
2x 220 MWe1x 220 MWe
2 x 700 MWe
2 x 700 MWe
1x 100 MWe
U23592n 1
0
The Fission ProcessA neutron travels at high speed towards a uranium-235 nucleus.
U23592n 1
0
The neutron strikes the nucleus which then captures the neutron.
The Fission Process
U23692
The nucleus changes from being uranium-235 to uranium-236 as it has captured a neutron.
The Fission Process
The uranium-236 nucleus formed is very unstable. It transforms into an elongated shape for a short time.
The Fission Process
It then splits into 2 fission fragments and releases neutrons.
The Fission Process
14156Ba
9236Kr
n 1 0
n 1 0
n 1 0
PHWR Schematic Flow Diagram
PHWR Schematic
BWR Animation
MAIN PARTS OF NPP 1. Nuclear Reactor
2. Turbine
3. Steam generator
4. Coolant assembly
5. End shield
6. Cooling Tower 7. condenser
8. Fuel bundel 9. Calandria
NUCLEAR REACTOR A nuclear reactor is a device in which nuclear chain reactions are initiated, controlled, and sustained at a steady rate, as opposed to a nuclear bomb, in which the chain reaction occurs in a fraction of a second and is uncontrolled causing an explosion.
Reactor Building
Structural Wall
Inner Containment Wall
Primary Containment WallFast Acting Two
Independent Shut-Down Systems.
Secondary Containment Wall
Steam Generator
PHT
Fast Acting Two Independent Shut-Down Systems.
CALANDRIAIt is made of Stainless Steel.
It is the heart of reactor and forms the core of reactor.
It contains fuels and moderators.
It has 306 horizontal calandria tubes .
Calandria tubes are made up of Nickel-free-Zircalloy.
It is the heart of reactor and forms the Core of reactor. It consists of:-
Nuclear FuelControl RodsPressure TubesModerator
CALANDRIA
FUEL BUNDLE
Zircaloy End Plate
UO2 Pellets
Zircaloy Tube
FUEL BUNDEL19 PENCIL in BUNDLE
UO2 URANIUM OXIDE PELLET
ZIRCALOY TUBE
ZIRCALOY END PLATE
24 PELLETs IN PENCIL
FUEL BUNDLE CONSTRUCTION
PHWR SIMPLIFIED FLOW DIAGRAM
Why PHWR is chosen ?? Helps to cut heavy investment on enrichment
Lowest Uranium requirement & highest Plutonium production
Infrastructure available is suitable for India
PRIMARY HEAT TRANSFER SYSTEM(PHT)
• It circulates pressurized coolant through the fuel channels to remove the heat generated in fuel.
FUELING SYSTEM
• Two fueling machines in conjunction, one each at the ends of the Reactor, carry out on-power refueling.
• New fuel bundles are inserted by one of the fueling machine at one end of the reactor while the other machine at the other end receives the spent fuel bundles.
• It is used to convert water into steam from heat generated in nuclear reactor.
• Steam contains more kinetic energy than liquid. That’s why we use steam instead of liquid water.
• The boiler assemblies contain 10-u shaped shell & tube heat exchangers, connected in parallel.
STEAM GENERATOR
It converts the kinetic energy of steam into mechanical energy.
In R.A.P.S. impulse turbine is used which runs at 3000 R.P.M.
TURBINE
It is used to convert the mechanical output of turbine into electrical output.
It is connected to turbine by means of a shaft, which provides the output of turbine to the generator.
Here we run the generator at a rotation speed of 3000 RPM.
The generator is rated 264 MVA, 16.5KV, 0.9PF.
supplied by Alstom and BHEL.
GENERATOR
COOLING TOWERS
It consists of a shell and is open at top and bottom.
Purpose is to bring down the temperature of light water.
There are two types of cooling towers:-
(1) Natural Draft Cooling Tower (NDCT)
(2) Induced Draft Cooling Tower (IDCT)
IDCT
NDCT
N.D.C.T.
I.D.C.T.
Condenser is a device or unit which is used to condense vapor into liquid.
The objectives of the condenser are to reduce the turbine exhaust pressure , to increase the efficiency and to recover high quality feed water in the form of condensate & feed it back to the steam generator without any further treatment.
CONDENSER
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
Environmental Survey Lab started functioning in the site prior to
commencement of operation of NPP.Samples of water, vegetation are periodically analyzed.No change is observed from the levels persisted earlier to plant
operation.Abundant numbers of fishes are found in RPS lake.Many fruit bearing trees are seen around NPP site.
SAMPLING IN PROGRESS
Waste Management System
SPENT FUEL POOL
Contamination Monitors
35Portal Monitors
External Dosimeters( Beta, Gamma & Neutron)
Personal Alarming Dosimeters
TLD
Direct Reading Dosimeter
ADVANTAGES Nuclear power plants need less fuel. Nuclear power plants need less area. The operating cost is low. The efficiency is high compared to other. They also produce valuable fissile material. There are large deposits of nuclear fuel
available all over the world.
DISADVANTAGES The initial capital cost is very high. Nuclear explosions produce radiation. The fuel used is expensive and difficult to
recover. The disposal of the products, which are
radio-active, is a big problem. The cooling water requirements of a
nuclear power plant are very heavy.
THANK YOU
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