philippine gods and goddesses
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PHILIPPINE MYTHOLOGYPantheon of the Gods and
GoddessesMythological Creatures
Philippine mythology is derived from Philippine folk literature, which is the traditional oral literature of the Filipino people. This refers to a wide range of material due to the ethnic mix of the Philippines. Each unique ethnic group has its own stories and myths to tell.
Introduction
PHILIPPINE PANTHEON. The stories of ancient Philippine mythology include deities, creation stories, mythical creatures, and beliefs. Ancient Philippine mythology varies among the many indigenous tribes of the Philippines. Some groups during the pre-Spanish conquest era believed in a single Supreme Being who created the world and everything in it, while others chose to worship a multitude of tree and forest deities (diwatas). Diwatas came from the Sanskrit word devata which means "deity", one of the several significant Hindu influences in the Pre-Hispanic religion of the ancient Filipinos.
Introduction…
Because the country has many islands and is inhabited by different ethnic groups, Philippine Mythology and superstitions are very diverse. However, certain similarities exist among these groups, such as the belief in Heaven (Kaluwalhatian or Kalangitan), Hell (Impiyerno), and human soul (kaluluwa).
Introduction…
The prevalence of belief in the figures of Filipino mythology is strong in the provinces. Many common folk attribute psychological problems to these superstitions and considered significant for psychologists in understanding the Filipino psyche.
Introduction…
Before the arrival of the Spaniards and the introduction of Roman Catholicism in the 1500's, the indigenous inhabitants of the Philippines were adherents of a mixture of animism, Hinduism, and Vajrayana Buddhism. Bathala was the supreme God of the Filipinos, represented by the langit, or sky, but not all Filipinos believed in it. The Ninuno, or the ancient ancestors, were the people who taught Filipinos/Tagalogs who will be in the future; they believed in the supreme God. For the Bikolanos, the supreme God was Gugurang.
Introduction…
Other Filipino gods and goddesses include araw (sun), buwan (the moon), tala (the stars), and natural objects (such as trees, shrubs, mountains, or rocks). However, they were not the Western kinds of gods and goddesses; they were representations for some Filipinos/Tagalogs; or they were representations as gifts. As the Abrahamic religions began to sweep the islands, most Filipinos became Christians, consequently believing in only one God. Other Filipinos became Muslims, especially in the southern islands of the country such as Mindanao.
Introduction…
The famous gods and goddesses of Greek, Roman, Norse, Egyptian, Chinese, and Japanese mythology are the most widespread popular mythology in the world today. These different countries contain different gods and goddesses. Even if Filipino Mythology is not as well-known as the others, they still contain similar elements, such as gods, goddesses, creation stories, mythical creatures and beliefs.
Filipino mythology gods and goddesses
PANTHEON of Philippine gods and goddesses
(in Alphabetical order)
god of waters
AGWE
god of the sea, fishing, and seafaring
AMANSINAYA
The ill-tempered god of the sea because among of the first generation gods (aside from Bathala), he was never married after his love was spurned by a beautiful mortal maiden, Maganda. In frustration, he swore vengeance against the humans by sending turbulent waves and horrible tempests in order to wreck boats and to drown men
AMANIKABLE
the bird who stirred up the waters and the heavens
AMIHAN
Anagolay• The goddess of lost things and the
only offspring of Lakapati and
Mapulon. • She was married
to Dumakulem.
goddess of the wind and the rain
ANITUN TABU
Anitun Tabu• The fickle-minded goddess of wind
and rain. • She was the
daughter of Idiyanale and
Dumangan and the sister of
Dumakulem.
The fickle-minded goddess of wind and rain. She was the daughter of Idiyanale and Dimangan
and the sister of Dumakulem
ANITUN TABU
god of the sun, lord of war, son of Bathala, patron of warriors
APOLAKI
Apolaki• The god of sun and was chiefly
the patron of warriors.
•He was the son of Anagolay
and Dumakulem.
king of the gods, ruler of the heavens, creator of humanity
BATHALA
Bathala• The supreme god of the Tagalogs; creator of man and
earth and addressed sometimes as Bathalang Maykapal.
• He dwells in Kaluwalhatian together with the lesser gods
and goddesses. • Aside from the lesser gods and
goddesses, he sent his anitos in order to assist the daily lives of
every human. • When most of the natives were
converted to Christianity during the Spanish Era, he was
referred to the Christian God.
god of pacts
BAYOA
god of evil; enemy of Bathala
DETINOS
Diyan Masalanta
• The goddess of love, conception and childbirth
and the protector of lovers.
• She was the daughter of Anagolay and Dumakulem
and youngest of all the deities.
• After the conversion of the natives to Christianity
during the Spanish Era, she was then referred
as Maria Makiling.
goddess of love, pregnancy, childbirth, became known as "Maria Makiling"
post-Spanish
DIYAN MASALAN
TA
The goddess of love, conception and childbirth and the protector of lovers.
She was the daughter of Anagolay and Dumakulem and youngest of all the deities. After the conversion of the
natives to Christianity during the Spanish Era, she was then referred as
Maria Makiling.
DIYAN MASALANTA
goddess of medicinal herbs
DIHAS
Dimangan•The goddess of good harvest.
• She was married to
Idiyanale and had two
offspring.
Dumakulem• The strong, agile guardian of
mountains and the son of Idiyanale
and Dumangan. • His sister was
Anitun Tabu. • He later married
Anagolay.
god of Magic
HALMISTA
Hanan• The goddess of morning;
• sister of Mayari and Tala and one
of the three daughters of Bathala by a
mortal woman.
god of the sea and the ocean
HAYO
goddess of death
HUKLOBAN
HUKLOBAN
The last agent of Sitan could change herself into any form she desired. She could kill someone by simply raising her hand and could heal without any difficulty as she wished. Her name literally means "crone" or "hag."
GODDESS OF LABOR AND GOOD DEEDS
IDIYANALE
IDEANALE
• The goddess of labor and good deeds. Natives used to call for her guidance in order to make their works successful. She married Dimangan and had two offspring.
god of thunder
KALINGA
Although he is not a God, he is still considered as a high power. He has the power to change destiny at
his will.
KAPALARAN
god of earthquakes
KIDUL
god of healing
KILUBANSA
god of gluttony, food, and eating
LAKAMBUWI
deity of fertility and cultivated fields
LAKAPATI
LAKAPATI
• The goddess of fertility and the most understanding and kind of all the deities. Also known as Ikapati, she was the giver of food and prosperity. Her best gift to mankind was agriculture (cultivated fields). Through this, she was respected and loved by the people. Later, she was married to Mapulon and had a daughter.
goddess of volcanoes
LALAHON
god of disease, although unlike Manggagaway, he
cures them
LINGA
ferryboat god, ferries souls to hell
MAGUAYEN
god of strength and bravery
MALYARI
goddess of war
MANGARAGAN
goddess of disease, poses as a healer and inflicts terror by inducing maladies
instead; one of Sitan's helper
MANGGAGAWAY
She was the first agent of Sitan and was primarily blamed as the cause of
diseases. Sometimes, she would change herself into a human form, appearing as
a false healer. If she wished to kill someone, she employed a magic wand
MANGGAGAWAY
The only male agent of Sitan, he was to emit fire at night and when there was bad weather. Like his fellow agents, he could change his form to that of a healer and then induce fire at his victim's house. If the fire were extinguished immediately, the victim would eventually die. His name remains today as witch
MANGKUKULAM
The second agent of Sitan, she was tasked to destroy and
break every happy and united family that she could
find
MANISILAT
The god of seasons and husband of Lakapati of
whom they had a daughter
MAPULON
one-eyed, beautiful goddess and ruler of the moon, daughter of
Bathala
MAYARI
MAYARIThe goddess of the moon and one of the three daughters of Bathala by a mortal woman. She was the most charming of all the goddesses. She had two sisters, Tala and Hanan
god of mountains and hills
OGHEP
god of knowledge
PAMAHRES
god of music
PASIPO
the king of the Dwendes of the North
PUGHE
god of trees
PUNHO
god of death
SIDAPA
god of hell
SIGINAGURAN
goddess of fishes
SIRENHA
god of the afterlife, guardian of the realm of the spirits
SITAN
The guardian of Kasamaan and the keeper of all souls
therein, the counterpart of Satan. He had four agents
whose task was to lead man to sin and destruction.
SITAN
goddess of gold
SODOP
goddess of magic, queen of witchery
SOMILGE
goddess of the stars; daughter of Bathala
TALA
Tala• The goddess of the stars;
• sister of Mayari and Hanan and
one of the three daughters of Bathala by a
mortal woman.
Mythological Creatures
FAMOUS PHILIPPINE DIWATAS
1.Mariang Makiling2.Mariang Sinukuan3.Maria Cacao4.Diwata ng Kagubatan
Mariang Makiling• The most famous of all
the enchantress in the Philippine mythology and folklore.
• She was the protector and guardian of Mount Makiling located in Los Baños, Laguna. Thus, modern sightings of her were even reported.
• Maria Makiling is a common theme among Filipino artists, ranging from painters and sculptors to graphic novelists. Before, the Spanish arrived in the Philippines, she was known as Diyan Masalanta.
Mariang Sinukuan• She was the resident and protector of Mount Arayat located in Arayat, Pampanga
Maria Cacao• She dwells
in Mount Lantoy, Argao, Cebu where she had cacao trees, hence a plantation outside her own cave.
• After harvest, rain comes that wash down the mountain, enabling her to float down to the towns below in her golden ship to sell her products.
Diwata ng Kagubatan• Also known as Virgen Del Monte,
she was worshiped by the ancient Cuyunon of Cuyo Island, Palawan.
• She is honored in a celebrated feast, periodically held atop of Mount Caimana in the mentioned island.
• When most of the natives were converted to Christianity during the Spanish Era, about 2/3 of the converted Cuyunon are still celebrating her feast that upset the Spanish authorities. The situation led the Spanish authorities to intensify their evangelization and governance efforts.
PHILIPPINE MYTHICAL CREATURES
Aswang
Kapre
Siyokoy
Manananggal
Kantanod
Tiyanak
Tikbalang
Diwata
Nuno sa Punso
Sirena
Resources:F. Landa Jocano, Outline of Philippine Mythology (Centro
Escolar University Research and Development Center, 1969)
Angelfire Editors. (n.d.). Mysterio delas Felipinas. Retrieved November 10, 2011, from Angelfire: http://www.angelfire.com/realm2/mdf/Gods.htm
Philippine mythology. (2006, June 01). Retrieved November 10, 2011, from Michael Bourne's Book of Thoth: http://www.book-of-thoth.com/thebook/index.php/Philippine_mythology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_mythology
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