plant structure & function ch. 29.2, 29.3, 29.4, 30.2

Plant Structure & FunctionCh. 29.2, 29.3, 29.4, 30.2

Plant Vocab

Non-Vascular: lacking xylem and phloem Vascular: have xylem and phloem

Gymnosperm: pine treesAngiosperm: flowering plants

Comparing Monocots & Dicots (Angiosperms)

Root Functions (29.2)

Major Functions: anchor plant to soil, absorb and transport water and nutrients, and store water and organic compounds.

Growth:1. Primary- lengthening and elongation of theroot.2. Secondary- widening of the root andexpansion of root structures.

Types of Roots1. Tap root: if the primary root becomes the longest root.

2. Fibrous roots: Numerous small roots develop and branch out.

3. Adventitious roots: specialized roots that grow from uncommon places of the plant.

Root hairs: increase surface area to increase its ability to absorb water & minerals from soil

Root Structures

Monocot Dicot

Stem Functions (29.3)Function: -transportation of water & nutrients

-storage of nutrients-support of leaves

Translocation refers to the movement of sugars through the plant in the phloem.

Pressure Flow Hypothesis explains how sugar flows in the phloem with the help of osmosis.

Transport of water and mineral nutrients occurs through the xylem.

Transpiration is the process in which plants lose water when obtaining carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.

The cohesion-tension theory explains on water flows against gravity from the roots up through the stem to the leaves.

Types of Stems

1. Stolons

2. Tubers

3. Fleshy

Stem Structures

Monocot Dicot

Leaf Function (29.4)

Function: primary site of photosynthesis.

Leaf Vein Patterns:

Monocot Dicot

Leaf Structures:

Flower Functions (30.2)

Function: attract animals for the spread of pollen which leads to reproduction.

Flower Petal Patterns

Monocot Dicot

Flower Structures:

Lily flower (monocot):

A-anther B-filament A+B = stamen (male)

C-stigma D-style E-ovary C+D+E = pistil (female)

petalsepalpollen