The 4th ACRE Workshop, in conjunction with EC FP7 EURO4M and ERA-CLIM plus AHRC [|áàÉÜ|v jxtà{xÜ

KNMI, De Bilt, The Netherlands, 21st-23rd September 2011

ERA-CLIM

Co-convenors: Rob Allan (Met Office Hadley Centre, UK), Gil Compo (NOAA ESRL/CIRES, CDC, US) and Albert Klein Tank (KNMI, Netherlands) Local organising: Karin van der Schaft (KNMI, Netherlands)

Dr Rob Allan, International ACRE Project Manager,

Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom

The international Atmospheric Circulation Reconstructions over the Earth (ACRE)

initiative

EcologicalEcologicalPhenologicalPhenological

Health & DiseaseHealth & DiseaseReinsuranceReinsurance

Climate MonitoringClimate MonitoringModel ValidationModel Validation

Environmental Environmental AssessmentsAssessments

Extremes, Impacts & Extremes, Impacts & RisksRisks

Water resourcesWater resourcesAgriculturalAgricultural

ForestryForestryEnergyEnergy

Marine operationsMarine operationsFisheriesFisheries

Cultural landscapes Cultural landscapes and and

built heritagebuilt heritageEducationEducation

Global historical reanalysis56 realisations every 6 hours,

2⁰ x 2⁰ spatial resolution

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Citizen ScienceCrowd Sourcing

(eg. Oldweather.orgData rescue@home)

Global surface weather observations over the last

200+ years

ACRE Working Group 1:

Data Rescue

5Uç xåv{tÇz|Çz à{x ÉuáxÜätà|ÉÇá Åtwx tà à{x Ä|z{à{Éâáxá Éy w|yyxÜxÇà vÉâÇàÜ|xá? ÜxÑÉÜàá ãÉâÄw ux Éuàt|Çxw tÄÉÇz à{x vÉtáàá Éy à{x v|ä|Ä|éxw ãÉÜÄwA \y à{x ÅxÜv{tÇà ÄÉzuÉÉ~á? |Çáàxtw Éy ux|Çz wxáàÜÉçxw? ã{|v{ |á ÉyàxÇ à{x vtáx tà ÑÜxáxÇà? ãxÜx ÑÜxáxÜäxw |Ç wxÑÉàá? xtv{ zÜxtà vÉÅÅxÜv|tÄ ÑÉÜà ~xxÑ|Çz |àá ÉãÇ? à{xç ãÉâÄw zÜxtàÄç táá|áà |Ç z|ä|Çz |ÇyÉÜÅtà|ÉÇ? uç á|ÅâÄàtÇxÉâá ÉuáxÜätà|ÉÇá ÉÇ à{x áxt tÇw tÄÉÇz à{x vÉtáàA g{x ÅxàxÉÜÉÄÉz|vtÄ ÜxÑÉÜàá ã|à{|Ç à{x |ÇàxÜ|ÉÜ Éy w|yyxÜxÇà vÉâÇàÜ|xá á{ÉâÄw? tyàxÜ à{x átÅx ÅtÇÇxÜ? ux xåv{tÇzxw? tÇw ãx á{ÉâÄw à{xÇ áÉÉÇ ux xÇtuÄxw àÉ àÜtvx à{x àÜtv~á Éy áàÉÜÅá ÉäxÜ tÄÅÉáà à{x xÇà|Üx áâÜytvx Éy à{x zÄÉuxA5 Colonel William Reid, Newcastle meeting of the British Association in 1838.

The Sydney Herald report of 12th February 1842 goes on to say: Âj{xÇ à{x xÇÉÜÅÉâá ãtáàx Éy Ä|yx tÇw ÑÜÉÑxÜàç |Ç {âÜÜ|vtÇxá? àçÑ{ÉÉÇá? tÇw Éà{xÜ zÜxtà áàÉÜÅá tà áxt? |á vÉÇá|wxÜxw? áâv{ Éu}xvàá tá à{Éáx vÉÇàxÅÑÄtàxw |Ç ÜxáxtÜv{xá Éy à{x ~|Çw? vxtáx àÉ ux ÅxÜx |Çw|ä|wâtÄ ÑâÜáâ|àá? tÇw uxvÉÅx ÅtààxÜá Éy Çtà|ÉÇtÄ tÇw âÇ|äxÜátÄ |ÅÑÉÜàtÇvxAÊhttp://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/12873692?searchTerm=barometer,%20ship%20logbooks&s

earchLimits=sortby=dateAsc

© Crown copyright Met Office

Archives

Museo Naval y Maritimo:Valparaiso, Chile

The National Archives:Kew, London

The British Library:London

The Asiatic Society, Kolkata, India

SOURCES OF OLD TERRESTRIAL INSTRUMENTAL WEATHER OBSERVATIONS

EARLY EUROPEAN METEOROLOGICAL NETWORKSEARLY EUROPEAN METEOROLOGICAL NETWORKSMannheim, Societas Meteorologica Palatina 1781-1792Society Royale de Medecine (F) 1776-1789Baierische Ephemeriden (G) 1781-1789NATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES: 1850s =>NATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES: 1850s =>OBSERVATORIESOBSERVATORIES LIGHTHOUSESLIGHTHOUSESAstronomical

MEDICALMEDICAL PORT AUTHORITIESPORT AUTHORITIESHospitals/Doctors Harbour Masters/Port Captains

MILITARYMILITARY GENERAL PUBLICATIONSGENERAL PUBLICATIONSRoyal Engineers (UK) Diaries, Newspapers, Pamphlets,Army Medical Corps (UK) Journals/Government Gazettes,US Signal Office Learned Societies

MISSIONARYMISSIONARY BOTANIC GARDENSBOTANIC GARDENSJesuit, Moravian etc

SIGNAL/PILOT STATIONSSIGNAL/PILOT STATIONSCONSULARCONSULAR

Udias, A (1996): Jesuits’ Contribution to Meteorology. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 77, 10, Pg 2313.

SOME SOURCES OF TERRESTRIAL WEATHER OBSERVATIONS: Moravian missionary stations

Hudson’s Bay Company journals

Source: http://www.gov.mb.ca/chc/archives/hbca/

Ottoman Archives

http://www.devletarsivleri.gov.tr/

METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS IN AND AROUND THE SOUTH CHINA SEA: China coast meteorological register + Monthly meteorological bulletin (Hong Kong, China)1874 -1893 (Hard Copy MO Archives), 1894 -1932 (NOAA Central Library Scanned images)

SOUTH CHINA SEA MARCH 1894

29

29.2

29.4

29.6

29.8

30

30.2

30.4

30.6

DAY

PRES

SUR

E

Vladivostock Tokyo NagasakiShanghai FoochowAmoy Anping Swatow CantonHongkongVictoria PeakGap RockMacao Hoihow Haiphong Bolinao ManilaCape St James

SURFACE PRESSURE: China coast meteorological register + Monthlymeteorological bulletin (Hong Kong, China) 1874-1932

Readings at 10am and 4pm Local Time

German Colonies in the PacificGerman New Guinea (Deutsch-Neuguinea, today Papua-New-Guinea; 1884 – 1914)

Kaiser-WilhelmslandBismarck Archipelago (Bismarck-Archipel)

Caroline Islands (Karolinen, 1899 – 1919)Federated States of Micronesia (Mikronesien, 1899–1919)Palau (1899–1919)

Mariana Islands (Marianen, 1899–1919)German Solomon Islands or Northern Solomon Islands (Salomonen or Nördliche Salomon-Inseln, 1885–1899) Bougainville (Bougainville-Insel, 1888–1919)Nauru (1888–1919) German Marshall Islands (Marshall inseln; 1885–1919)

German Samoa (German Western Samoa, or Western Samoa; 1899-1919) Samoa (1914-1919)

“The Observatory is actively engaged in an extensive programme of meteorology, seismology, terrestrial magnetism, upper air observations, and atmospheric electricity, and acts as the co-ordinating centre for six wireless reporting stations in the south-west Pacific. These stations are Tahiti, Vila, Norfolk Island, Rarotonga, Nukualofa, and Suva, which extend over a range of 45 degrees in longitude and about 15 degrees in latitude.”Andrew Thomson & C. Coleridge Farr (1924): Apia Observatory, Samoa Nature 113, pg 355 (8 March 1924) | doi:10.1038/113355b0

Apia Observatory, Samoa

POINT KING & BREAKSEA ISLAND LH

Lighthouses near AlbanyPoint King 1867-1895Breaksea Island 1867-1895*

Known Australian holdings of these data

*METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER, BREAKSEA ISLAND LIGHTHOUSE, WA, 1895–96

(Collections in Perth, A Guide to Commonwealth Government Records, The National Archives of

Australia)

Point King Lighthouse: 1858-1911

Mean Sea Level Pressure series recovered and made available to the Fijian NMS to add to their

post-WW2 data: Suva, Fiji 1879-1940

MARINE SOURCES OF INSTRUMENTALWEATHER OBSERVATIONS

Ships logsShips logsMerchant –Shipping CompaniesNavalExpeditions

SurgeonSurgeon’’s Journalss Journals

Remarks books (Remarks books (HydrographicHydrographic & Naval surveys) & Naval surveys)

Private diariesPrivate diaries

An old ship log book

Fitzroy and the Beagle1831-6

http://brohan.org/philip/job/digitisation/expeditions/beagle/docs/Beagle.html

RUSSIAN VOYAGES & EXPEDITIONS

Meteorological observations by passengers on sea voyagesRichard Moritz Schomburgk

Born in Germany in 1811. Alexander von Humboldt wasa personal friend of the family. With his brother Robert, on a joint British/Prussian scientific expedition to British

G Guyana, 1844 (meteorological measurements were made

and published). In 1849, Richard and his brother Otto sailed from Hamburg to South Australia taking meteorological observations during the passage on the Princess Louise (it had circumnavigated the world on many of six Prussian voyages in the 1820s-1840s, making meteorological measurements). The brothers settled 46 km north of Adelaide and made meteorological observations from 1850. Richard was Director of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens from 1865 until his death in 1891. In November 2008, the Schomburgk Pavilion and pond were officially launched in the Adelaide Botanic Gardens.

http://brohan.org/philip/job/digitisation/antarctic/docs/

Terra Nova ExpeditionTerra Nova Expedition19101910--19131913

Recovering climate records from 1789-1834 from English-East-India Company ships’ logs.

Ship Logbook Weather Observations Transcribed or Collected from Ships in Port by the Hong Kong Observatory

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=

4000 logbooks + 8500 volunteers = 1,500,000 new observationshttp://oldweather.org

http://www.globe.gov/content/scrc

World War 1World War 2

What data improvement is needed for historical reanalyses?

‘PRIOR TO WORLD WAR 2, AS MUCH SURFACE DATA HASN’T BEEN DIGITISED AS HAS BEEN

DIGITISED’

With WMO, GEO, GCOS endorsement, wide international support & the aid of various working groups of GCOS & WCRP, ACRE provides an umbrella that links together some 35+ projects, data rescue, climate science, climate applications,

education, & outreach activities around the globe

Who else is involved internationally?

Regional Historical Terrestrial & Marine Weather Data Recovery, Imaging & Digitisation under ACRE

ACRE Chile – following three visits to Chile in the 2009-2010 period (http://www.met-acre.org/data-projects-and-regional-chapters/chilean-chapter), funding to initiate this focus was obtained from a partnership in the EC FP7 as part of the ERA-CLIM (European Reanalysis of Global Climate Observations) project.

ACRE Pacific – led by Drew Lorrey at NIWA (National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research) inNew Zealand; following an Asian-Pacific Network for Global Climate Change (APN)-funded CAPaBLE 2010-2011 ‘Improving Pacific Island Meteorological Data Rescue and Data VisImproving Pacific Island Meteorological Data Rescue and Data Visualisation Capabilities through ualisation Capabilities through Involvement in Emerging Climate Research ProgrammesInvolvement in Emerging Climate Research Programmes’ (http://www.met-acre.org/meetings-and-workshops-1/CBA2010-05NSY-Lorrey.pdf?attredirects=0) project meeting in Auckland, New Zealand, 27th-29th September 2010. Initial funding (for a year from July 2011) was obtained via the Demande Fonds Pacifique2011_Initiative Pacifique ACRE (French Pacific Fund) project ‘Rescuing the climate, weather, and exploration Rescuing the climate, weather, and exploration history of former French territories of the Southwest Pacific: Ahistory of former French territories of the Southwest Pacific: A key component of the ACRE Pacific key component of the ACRE Pacific (Atmospheric Circulation Reconstructions across the Earth) inter(Atmospheric Circulation Reconstructions across the Earth) international programmenational programme’

Special project on recovering, imaging and digitising of old German weather observations from the Apia Observatory in Samoa: involving NIWA, Samoan Meteorology Division, University of Giessen, Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD)

ACRE India – linked to British Library-India initiative’s Bangalore meeting in March 2011 on ‘South Asian South Asian Historical Records and ClimateHistorical Records and Climate' funded by the UK Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) and the new consortium Collaborative Research on the Meteorological History of the IndiCollaborative Research on the Meteorological History of the Indian Ocean, 1600an Ocean, 1600--19001900, led by the Centre for World Environmental History, University of Sussex.

Special project on recovering, imaging and digitising of old weather observations extracted from ship logbooks in 188 volumes of Charles Meldrum's 'anemological' journals from 1853 to 1914 held by the National Archives in Mauritius (NAM), and terrestrial weather observations for Mauritius (including data from Colonel Lloyd's Colonial Observatory at Port Louis) from the late 18th to the early years of the 20th century held by the Mauritius Meteorological Services (MMS): involving NAM, MMS, IEDRO, University of Brighton.

ACRE Arctic – being developed by Kevin Wood, NOAA PMEL, via the Atmosphere/Climate Working Group (WG) of the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC).

ACRE Canada – The early Canadian historical data rescue project – run by Vicky Slonosky(http://sites.google.com/site/historicalclimatedata/Home)

ACRE SE Asia – applying for Asia Pacific Network (APN) ACRP grant with Stage 1 proposal ‘ACRE SE ACRE SE Asia: towards new baselines on environmental extremes, impacts aAsia: towards new baselines on environmental extremes, impacts and risksnd risks’ led by Rosanne D’Arrigo, Tree-Ring Lab, LDEO, USA, submitted 29th July 2011. Involving LDEO, NIWA, Indonesian Meteorological and Geophysical Service (BMKG), Malaysian Meteorological Service (MMS), Hong Kong Observatory, Meteorological Services of Singapore (MSS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) and the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) in Singapore, KNMI.

Special project on recovering, imaging and digitising of old weather observations extracted from ship logbooks by the Hong Kong Observatory.

ACRE Africa – linked to the developing National AgroNational Agro-- Meteorology Advisory System for Agricultural Meteorology Advisory System for Agricultural Users Users –– Africa (NAMASAUAfrica (NAMASAU--Africa)Africa) proposal with a potential event at UNFCCC CoP17, Durban, South Africa, 28th November - 9th December 2011.

ACRE China – hoping to start via a proposal led by Robert Bickers from the Chinese Maritime Customs project at Bristol University, UK and via potential linkages into China via the new Met Office MoU with the Beijing Climate Center (BCC).

Special project on recovering, imaging and digitising of old weather observations extracted from ship logbooks by the Jesuit observatory in Shanghai.

TERRESTRIAL DATA: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/ispd/add-station/http://badc.nerc.ac.uk/browse/badc/corral/images/metobs/VIEW_ISPD_STATIONS_EXCEL_FILE.html

TERRESTRIAL DATA SCANS/IMAGES: http://badc.nerc.ac.uk/browse/badc/corral/images/metobsTERRESTRIAL DATA MAPS: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/ispd/add-station/v3.0

1871 1935

2008

ERAERA--CLIM data recovery and digitizationCLIM data recovery and digitization

International ACRE Project ManagerDr Rob Allan

Climate Monitoring and Attribution Group,

Met Office Hadley CentreE-mail: rob.allan@metoffice.gov.uk

Alternative E-mail: allarob@googlemail.com

ACRE WWW Site: http://www.met-acre.org/

Old Weather WWW Site: http://www.oldweather.org/

Phone: +44 (0)1392 886904

Fax: +44 (0)1392 885681

Address: FitzRoy Road

Exeter EX1 3PB

U.K.