preview of hazmat technician chemistry lesson

PREVIEW OF

HAZMAT TECHNICIAN CHEMISTRY

POWERPOINT TRAINING PRESENTATION

DESCRIPTIONThis presentation covers the HAZMAT Technician training section. Modules include definitions (Over 60), Lesson on how to use the Periodic Table, and Various chemical compound groups. Most slides contain illustrating photos and common chemical examples. Meets OSHA, EPA, and NFPA training requirements.

OBJECTIVES

To identify and interpret the types of hazard and response information availableUnderstand hazardous material terminology

FREEZING POINT

Temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid

Normally is the same as the melting pointNitrogen -345.9o F

Water 32o FLead 621.4o F

VAPOR DENSITY

Weight of a volume of pure vapor or gas compared to the weight of an equal amount of dry air at the same temperature and pressure

Dry air has a Vapor Density of 1Hydrogen 0.07Ammonia 0.59

Carbon Monoxide 0.96

FLAMMABLE SOLIDS

Material that can ignite through friction absorption of moisture, or chemical reactionDOT Class 4 Materials

SodiumCalciumLithium

OXIDIZERChemical which supplies its own oxygen

and helps other combustible material burn more readily

Make a fire to burn faster, hotter, and may cause an explosion

May provide their own oxygen when the source of air is removed from the fireOxygen, Acids, Chlorine

ORGANIC PEROXIDES

An organic peroxide is any organic (carbon containing) compound having two oxygen atoms joined together (-O-O-)

CHLORATES & PERCHLORATES

Unstable molecules containing excess oxygen that support combustion

Chlorate Perchlorate

DECOMPOSITION TEMPERATURE

The temperature at which the substance chemically decomposes

Normally a endothermic reactionExample

Copper Sulfate 2000o C

ALPHA PARTICLES

Travel short distances from the source (4”) and can be shielded by as little as a piece of paperThey normally can not penetrate the skinThey are extremely hazardous if the enter

through the mouth, lungs, or eyesIn most cases structural firefighting gear

with SCBA will provide protection

ATOMThe atom is a basic unit of matter consisting of a dense, central nucleus surrounded by a could of negatively charged electronsConsists of

ProtonsNeutronsElectrons

ATOMIC NUMBER

Indicates the number of protons in the nucleusElectrons must equal the number of protonsElements are listed on the periodic table

by increasing atomic number

PERIODIC TABLE

Elements can be divided into metals and non-metals

Representative elementsGroup I- Alkali MetalsGroup II- Alkaline Earth MetalsGroup III- HalogensGroup IV- Inert or Noble Gases

METALS

MalleableDuctileConduct electricity & heatUsually solidHave a shinny lusterMost metals loose electrons in chemical reactions

ALKALI METALS

Group IHighly reactive with waterResulting solution may be very causticProduces hydrogen gas on contact with water

3 LiLithium6.941

1

11 NaSodium22.9898

1

19 KPotassium39.0983

1

37 RbRubidium85.4678

1

55 CsCesium

132.90541

THE OCTET/DUET RULEThe noble gases have 8 electrons in the outer orbitThis satisfies a need of nature called the

“Octet Rule”The noble gases have achieved the highest level of stabilityAll other elements are trying to achieve stability by having 8 electrons in the outer shell

BINARY SALT

Metal + Non-metal except oxygenName ends with “IDE”K+S= K2S Potassium Oxide

HYDROXIDE

Metal + Hydroxide RadicalName ends with “Hydroxide”K+OH= KOH Potassium Hydroxide

COVALENT BONDING

Occurs when two atoms come close together, and one is not

capable of taking electrons from another, a covalent bond may be formedOccurs between two non-metalsElectrons may be shared

Methane

BASIC HYDROCARBONS

Carbon atoms bond to form polymersAll hydrocarbon families are flammable &

toxicThree types of Hydrocarbons

SaturatedUnsaturatedAromatic

ISOMERS

Same chemical formula but different molecular structurePrefixes “iso, neo, tert, cis, trans”May change chemical properties

Iso-Butane more difficult to liquefy1,1,2 Trichloroethane TLV 35 ppm1,1,1 Trichloroethane TLV 10ppm

ALCOHOLS

Methyl alcohol when ingested leads to formic acid that destroys the GI tract and produces blindnessEthyl alcohol leads to intoxication and deathSharp odor, very acidic alcohols should be handled very carefully if at all

KETONES

PolymerizeExtremely toxic, rapid loss of consciousnessAlso oxidizes to form organic peroxides that are shock sensitive & explosiveNeurotoxin (Narcotic effects)Chronic exposure leads to kidney & liver

damage

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