privacy and analytics – it’s a delicate issue. a checklist for trusted learning analytics

LearningAnaly,cs

HEManagerssee:•  Promisevs.Concerns•  Poten5alvs.Risks•  Benefitsvs.Cost•  Purposevs.Compe55vePressures•  Inten5onsvs.Hesita5ons

•  LeadingtoConfusion

HEIs:HowtoimplementLA?

5

•  $100millioninvestment•  Aim:Personalizedlearninginpublicschools,throughdata&technology

standards•  9USstatespar5cipated,in2013dataaboutmillionsofchildren

havebeenstored

PrivacyasShow-StopperforLA

6

PrivacyasShow-StopperforLA

Ignoringthefearsandpublicpercep,onoftheapplica5onofanaly5cscanleadtoalackof

acceptance,protests,andevenfailureofen5reLAimplementa5ons.

7

RelatedResearchWork

Prinsloo&Slade(2013)Slade&Prinsloo(2013)Pardo&Siemens(2014)Prinsloo&Slade(2015)Hoel&Chen(2015)Sclater,Bailey(2015)Steiner,Kickmeier-Rust,Albert(2015)

hGp://bit.ly/lace-privacy.

8

RelatedPolicies

hYp://www.open.ac.uk/students/charter/essen5al-documents/ethical-use-student-data-learning-analy5cs-policy#

hYps://www.jisc.ac.uk/sites/default/files/jd0040_code_of_prac5ce_for_learning_analy5cs_190515_v1.pdf

9

RelatedPolicies

hYp://www.ed.ac.uk/informa5on-services/learning-technology/learning-analy5cs

10

RelatedPolicies•  HEIlawondatacollec5oninNLlikeinall

EUcountriessinceNurembergtrials(datacollec5onallowedtoimproveeduca5on,clearpurpose,consent,limitedaccess)

•  Engelfriet,A.,Jeunink,E.,Manderveld,J.(2015).Learninganaly,csonderdeWetbeschermingpersoonsgegevens.hYps://www.surf.nl/kennis-en-innova5e/kennisbank/2015/learning-analy5cs-onder-de-wet-bescherming-persoonsgegevens.html

•  SURFfollow-upreportwithusecasesinprepara5on

ResearchEthics

Originslieinpost-WWII.–Milestones:•  NurembergCode(1949)•  HelsinkiDeclara5on(1964)•  BelmontReport(1978)•  2000s:BiomedicalScience•  RRI(ResponsibleResearchandInnova5on)

UnethicalResearch

MilgramExperiment

StanfordPrisonExperiment

FacebookStudy

Privacy

•  Therighttobelehalone(Wes5n1968)•  Informa5onalself-determina5on(Flaherty1989)

•  Informa5onal,decisional,localprivacy(Roessler2005)

•  Privacyisnotanonymityordatasecurity!

Privacy

Contextual Integrity vs. Big Data Research

Context bound information vs.

Repurposing of data

WhoaretheBadGuys?

ME&

MYDATAGovernment? Commerce?

Educa5on? Hackers&BadGuys?

LegalFrameworks

•  EUDataProtec5onDirec5ve95/46/EC(automatedprocessingof‘personaldata’)2016:GeneralDataProtec5onRegula5on(GDPR)

•  Restric5ngthe(re-)useofdataà vs.andcontradic5ng•  BigDatabusinessmodels•  EuropeanDataReten5onDirec5ve2006/24/EC(datastorageforsecuritypurposes)

Moderniza,onofEUUniversi,esreportRecommenda,on14MemberStatesshouldensurethatlegalframeworksallowhigher

educa5onins5tu5onstocollectandanalyselearningdata.Thefullandinformedconsentofstudentsmustbearequirementandthedatashouldonlybeusedforeduca5onalpurposes.

Recommenda,on15Onlineplaoormsshouldinformusersabouttheirprivacyanddata

protec5onpolicyinaclearandunderstandableway.Individualsshouldalwayshavethechoicetoanonymisetheirdata.

hGp://ec.europa.eu/educa,on/library/reports/modernisa,on-

universi,es_en.pdf

19

LegalFrameworks

hYps://studentprivacypledge.org/

20

LegalFrameworks

Fears

•  Power-rela5onship,userexploita5on•  Dataownership•  Anonymityanddatasecurity•  Privacyanddataiden5ty•  Transparencyandtrust

Power-rela,onship

•  Trackingandid-ingusersorci5zensbystateorcorpora5ons(e.g.insurancecompanies,banks,carmanufacturers,etc.)=benefitnottotheuser!

•  Power-rela5onshipisasymmetrical

Exploita,on

•  Freelabourasbusinessmodeloffor-profitcompanies

•  Crowdsourcingoutsidethe„commons“

DataOwnership

DataOwnership

AnonymityandDataSecurity

•  Noabsoluteanonymityorde-iden5fica5on

•  Integra5onofmul5pledatasourcesincreasecompromisedpersonaliden5ty

•  Datastoresarenot100%secure

PrivacyandDataIden,ty

•  Systemiden5tyvs.Socialiden5ty•  Peopleapproximatedontodatamodelsbyprobability

•  Power:datasubjectshavenosayinthedesignofdatamodel

TransparencyandTrust

•  Assump5on:moretransparency=moretrust•  But:rela5onshipismostlyasymmetrical(individualvs.bigcorpora5on)

•  Transparencyasinstrumentofcontrol

Introducing:DELICATE

•  Isnotreplacingdeepthoughts!

•  Checklistforquickdataconversa5ons

•  TofacilitatetrustedLA

•  Guidefordatascien5sts,decisionmakers

•  Inspiredbymedicalchecklistsforpa5entinforma5on

Introducing:DELICATE

Introducing:DELICATE

Introducing:DELICATE

CallforPapers

SpecialIssue:JournalofHEDevelopment(ZfHE)LearningAnaly,cs:Implica,onsforHigherEduca,on

hYp://bit.ly/1qXTaNzDeadline:10June2016Publica5ondate:Spring2017