“rear view? what’s he mean rear view?”

“REAR VIEW? WHAT’S HE MEAN REAR VIEW?”

“HE DIDN’T SAY REAR VIEW STUPID! HE SAID REVIEW!!”

COMFORT ZONE

THINK NEW WAYSQUESTION EVERYTHINGHAVE NEW EXPERIENCES

THINK OUTSIDE THE BOX AND YOUR COMFORT ZONE

MULTIPLE IDENTITIES

BIASES

Bias is an inclination to present or hold a partial perspective at the expense of alternatives that may also be valid.

STEREOTYPES

A stereotype is an exaggerated belief, image or distorted truth about a person or a group. This generalization does not allow for individual differences or social variation. These stereotypes may come from the mass media, family discussions, close friends, personal experience, etc. Stereotypes can be both negative and positive.

Our identities and how we identify others often determines

some of our stereotypes.

PrejudicePrejudice is an opinion, prejudgment or attitude about a group or its individual members.

Prejudices are usually aimed at the “other” and are often accompanied by ignorance, fear or hatred.

Identities also shapes our prejudices.

Prejudice can not be eliminated by law and policy

Discrimination

Discrimination is behavior that treats people unequally because of their group memberships (i.e. race, ethnicity, faith, nationality etc.) Discriminatory behavior, ranging from slights to hate crimes, often begins with negative stereotypes and prejudices.

CREATING LABELS

Prostitute

Terrorist

BackwardsLabels take away a persons humanity and makes them an object that can more easily be discriminated against or even killed.

Gook

“WE ALL DRINK FROM THE SAME STREAM.”

SEEN BY ALL

SEEN BY ME ONLY

HIDDEN TO ALL

SEEN ONLY TO OTHERS

Me

OthersSelf Transformation

SEEN BY ALL

SEEN BY ME ONLY

HIDDEN TO ALL

SEEN ONLY TO OTHERS

Me

OthersSelf Transformation

CULT

CREEDCULTURE

FAITH

GOD

SACREDSCRIPTURES AND/OR UNIVERSE

DEFINE GOD

SYSTEMS OF WORSHIP:RITES, TRADITIONS

RESPONSETO GOD

THROUGHLIFE LIVED

RELIGION AND FAITH

ASSUMPTION

An assumption is an idea we have about something that we think to be true even though we may not have sufficient evidence to prove that it is true. This assumption often determines how we act to situations or respond to people.

MOVING FROM

TOLERANCE TO

ACCEPTANCE TO

ENGAGEMENT

DISCUSSIONOR

DIALOGUE

Tolerance –

To bear something which is difficult or uncomfortable. (like a toothache or a very noise person)

To put up with someone who is disliked for their differences.

While people deemed undesirable may be disapproved of, "tolerance" would require that the party or group in question be left undisturbed, physically or otherwise, and that criticism directed toward them be free of inflammatory or harmful efforts.

TOLERANCE – GOOD? BAD?

Religious tolerance

Ethnic tolerance

Political tolerance

Tolerance doesn’t always last!

When the toothache seems unbearable, it will no longer be tolerated!

When we believe that we can no longer tolerate the “undesirable” person, we try to avoid them or fight them.

Acceptance -

To receive something even if one doesn’t like it.

Usually refers to the experience of a situation without an intention to change that situation.

Acceptance is often contrasted with resistance.

Engagement –

To meet together for the purpose of mutual benefit

It suggests a commitment to learning and living together, to listen deeply to each other.

The person of knowledge tries to learn many things. The person of wisdom tries to unlearn many things.

TO LEARN WE MUST FIRST UNLEARN SO THAT WE CAN RELEARN

DIALOGUE VERSUS DISCUSSION “Through meaning” (slow)

To inquire and to learn

To seek shared meaning

To integrate multiple perspectives – not to win

To uncover and examine assumptions

Open-ended

Creates a community-based culture of cooperation and shared leadership (power with)

Leads to transformation of self

“Discus” – to throw, fragment, shatter (same roots as percussion and concussion)

To tell, sell, persuade

To gain agreement on one meaning

To evaluate and select the best – to win

To justify/defend assumptions

Seeks a solution

Tends to create division and centralized leadership (power over)

Little opportunity for transformation

When human beings have contact with each other, conflicts will occur. Conflict is normal.

Conflict can result in positive changes in personal relationships or community relationships.

When conflict is not dealt with in a positive way, it can become violence.

Opp0rtunity or conjuncture for positive change.

CONFLICT

1. Conflict management Relies on laws and rules Conflict is controlled but may still remain Might involve punishment One party is right and one party is wrong Requires continuous management

2. Conflict resolution Win-win solutions sought but someone still loses Dignity may be lost because of compromise Requires a mediator/expert Conflict may emerge in the future and will again

require mediation by an expert Does not necessarily address the issue of injustice

3. Conflict transformation

Conflict is an opportunity for personal/social transformation

Seeking a true justice is central to this approach Requires engagement and dialogue rather than

tolerance and discussion Moves toward creative use of conflict for

personal/group transformation Transformation means a long-term end to the

conflict No winner/loser situation Requires deep listening Transformation spreads to other areas of

relationship

LAKOTA CONCEPT OF CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION

RESTORING HARMONY IS CENTRAL TO THE LAKOTA CONCEPT OF CONFLICT TRANFORMATION

IMPORTANT Every tool you need to do

effective conflict transformation in your communities can be found in your own history, culture, traditions, experience and religious faith.

Outside models take power away from the oppressed.

THE PASTOR AND THE IMAM

Violence IMPORTANT

There are many different possible responses to violence.

“I have no choice” means I do not want to take responsibility for what I do and so I stop thinking.

The result of our response will either confront and transform the violence or it will directly/indirectly support the violence.

It is not necessary for us to do peacemaking. - Max Ediger

GET RID OF THE OBSTACLES TO PEACE (INJUSTICE)

Remove the stones and trash (injustice) from the stream (justice) so that the water (peace) can flow freely to everyone equally.

The Prophet Amos said, “Let justice run down like water,   And righteousness like a mighty stream.”

JUSTPEACE Justice comes before peace.

Without justice there can be no peace.

Justice is the foundation on which peace can rest and flourish.

NO JUSTICENO PEACE

KNOW JUSTICEKNOW PEACE

JUSTICE IS NOT JUST US

Describe:

1.What are the problems you see shown in this picture?

2.What solutions do you recommend?

SYMPTOMS AND ROOTS

SYMPTOMATIC PROBLEMS

ROOT PROBLEMS

GIVE SOMEONE A FISH AND THEY WILL EAT FOR ONE DAY

TEACH SOMEONE TO FISH AND THEY MAY EAT EVERY DAY

HELP PEOPLE UNDERSTAND THE SYSTEMS THAT CONTROL FISHING AND THEY WILL MOVE TOWARD TRUE TRANSFORMATION!

CRITICAL THINKING clarifies goals, examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, accomplishes actions, and evaluates conclusions by:

Asking important and hard questions Not accepting simple answers and

solutions Always wanting to know more Thinking outside the box

AWARENESS Critical thinking raises our

awareness. The more we know, the more

important it is for us to act. Action must focus on the root causes

of the oppression.OR

SILENCE IS NOT AN OPTION!

5 RESPONSES TO INJUSTICE

RESPONSE 1 RESPONSE 2 RESPONSE3 RESPONSE 4 RESPONSE 5

A. CAUSES Fate, Natural Disasters, Bad luck

Lack of Education, Lack of Resources, Etc.

Ineffective Education, Health, and Other Services

Exploitation, Domination, Oppression

Inadequate Structures

B. GOALS Relieve Suffering Improve Production, Skills, Knowledge

Make Existing Structures More Effective

Challenge and Overcome Exploitative Structures

Build New Economic, Political, Legal and Education Structures

C. MOTIVATION

Charity and Desire to Help the Poor

Help People Help Themselves

Equal Rights, Equal Opportunities

Liberation and End of Evil

Vision of a New Society

D. TYPE OF RESPONSE

Welfare Development Liberal Reformation

Liberation Transformation

SYMPATHY OR EMPATHY

SYMPATHY

EMPATHY MOVES US FROM CHARITY TO JUSTICE

EMPATHY WALK A MILE IN

MY SHOES (Native American)

TAKE THEIR HEART AND PUT IT IN OUR HEART. (Thailand)

EMPATHY “We are not victims! We are

survivors!” Saw Mort

“We must see in the victims the power to nurture and to heal.” David Selvaraj

› Tsunami survivor

WHICH BEST DESCRIBES TRUE LOVE FOR THE OPPRESSED?

NEUTRALITY? If you are neutral in

situations of injustice, you have chosen the side of the oppressor. If an elephant has its foot on the tail of a mouse and you say that you are neutral, the mouse will not appreciate your neutrality. Desmond Tutu

STANDING POINT

MARGINALIZED

DON’T BE BUSY!

BE EFFECTIVE!

GOOD INTENTIONS ARE NOT ENOUGH!

http://hungrymanbooks.free.fr/thehungryman.html

KEY WORDS COMFORT ZONE INSIDE/OUTSIDE THE BOX MULTIPLE IDENTITIES BIASES STEREOTYPES PREJUDICES DISCRIMINATION LABELS SELF-TRANSFORMATION RELIGION FAITH ASSUMPTIONS TOLERANCE ACCEPTANCE DISCUSSION DIALOGUE ENGAGEMENT CONFLICT

CONFLICT MANAGEMENT CONFLICT RESOLUTION CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION VIOLENCE PEACEMAKING JUSTPEACE INJUSTICE SYMPTOMATIC PROBLEM ROOT PROBLEM CRITICAL THINKING AWARENESS WELFARE DEVELOPMENT LIBERAL REFORMATION LIBERATION TRANSFORMATION SYMPATHY EMPATHY NEUTRALITY STANDING POINT

5 RESPONSES TO INJUSTICERESPONSE 1 RESPONSE 2 RESPONSE3 RESPONSE 4 RESPONSE 5

A. CAUSES Fate, Natural Disasters, Bad luck

Lack of Education, Lack of Resources, Etc.

Ineffective Education, Health, and Other Services

Exploitation, Domination, Oppression

Inadequate Structures

B. GOALS Relieve Suffering Improve Production, Skills, Knowledge

Make Existing Structures More Effective

Challenge and Overcome Exploitative Structures

Build New Economic, Political, Legal and Education Structures

C. MOTIVATION

Charity and Desire to Help the PoorSympathy

Help People Help Themselves

Equal Rights, Equal Opportunities

Liberation and End of Evil

Vision of a New Society

D. TYPE OF RESPONSE

Welfare Development Liberal Reformation

Liberation Transformation

“I just want to go home.”

5 RESPONSES TO INJUSTICERESPONSE 1 RESPONSE 2 RESPONSE3 RESPONSE 4 RESPONSE 5

A. CAUSES Fate, Natural Disasters, Bad luck

Lack of Education, Lack of Resources, Etc.

Ineffective Education, Health, and Other Services

Exploitation, Domination, Oppression

Inadequate Structures

B. GOALS Relieve Suffering Improve Production, Skills, Knowledge

Make Existing Structures More Effective

Challenge and Overcome Exploitative Structures

Build New Economic, Political, Legal and Education Structures

C. MOTIVATION

Charity and Desire to Help the PoorSympathy

Help People Help Themselves

Equal Rights, Equal Opportunities

Liberation and End of Evil

Vision of a New Society

D. TYPE OF RESPONSE

Welfare Development Liberal Reformation

Liberation Transformation

“I just want to go home.”

5 RESPONSES TO INJUSTICERESPONSE 1 RESPONSE 2 RESPONSE3 RESPONSE 4 RESPONSE 5

A. CAUSES Fate, Natural Disasters, Bad luck

Lack of Education, Lack of Resources, Etc.

Ineffective Education, Health, and Other Services

Exploitation, Domination, Oppression

Inadequate Structures

B. GOALS Relieve Suffering Improve Production, Skills, Knowledge

Make Existing Structures More Effective

Challenge and Overcome Exploitative Structures

Build New Economic, Political, Legal and Education Structures

C. MOTIVATION

Charity and Desire to Help the PoorSympathy

Help People Help Themselves

Equal Rights, Equal Opportunities

Liberation and End of Evil

Vision of a New Society

D. TYPE OF RESPONSE

Welfare Development Liberal Reformation

Liberation Transformation

“I just want to go home.”

5 RESPONSES TO INJUSTICERESPONSE 1 RESPONSE 2 RESPONSE3 RESPONSE 4 RESPONSE 5

A. CAUSES Fate, Natural Disasters, Bad luck

Lack of Education, Lack of Resources, Etc.

Ineffective Education, Health, and Other Services

Exploitation, Domination, Oppression

Inadequate Structures

B. GOALS Relieve Suffering Improve Production, Skills, Knowledge

Make Existing Structures More Effective

Challenge and Overcome Exploitative Structures

Build New Economic, Political, Legal and Education Structures

C. MOTIVATION

Charity and Desire to Help the PoorSympathy

Help People Help Themselves

Equal Rights, Equal Opportunities

Liberation and End of Evil

Vision of a New Society

D. TYPE OF RESPONSE

Welfare Development Liberal Reformation

Liberation Transformation

“I just want to go home.”

5 RESPONSES TO INJUSTICERESPONSE 1 RESPONSE 2 RESPONSE3 RESPONSE 4 RESPONSE 5

A. CAUSES Fate, Natural Disasters, Bad luck

Lack of Education, Lack of Resources, Etc.

Ineffective Education, Health, and Other Services

Exploitation, Domination, Oppression

Inadequate Structures

B. GOALS Relieve Suffering Improve Production, Skills, Knowledge

Make Existing Structures More Effective

Challenge and Overcome Exploitative Structures

Build New Economic, Political, Legal and Education Structures

C. MOTIVATION

Charity and Desire to Help the PoorSympathy

Help People Help Themselves

Equal Rights, Equal Opportunities

Liberation and End of Evil

Vision of a New Society

D. TYPE OF RESPONSE

Welfare Development Liberal Reformation

Liberation Transformation

“I just want to go home.”

POWER What is power?

Who has power and how do they use it?

What is our response to power?

POWER1. SELECT ISSUES

2. PLAN STRATEGIES

3. CARRY OUT THE ACTIONS

4. ENJOY THE RESULTS

POWER•ENJOY RESULTSWELFARE•MAYBE CARRY OUT ACTIONS •ENJOY THE RESULTSDEVELOPMENT• CARRY OUT ACTGIONS• ENJOY RESULTSREFORM•MAYBE PARTICIPATION IN ALL LEVELS OF POWERLIBERATION

•MUST HAVE PARTICIPATION IN ALL LEVELS OF POWER

TRANSFORMATION

REFORMATION AND TRANSFORMATION

How are they different?

Give examples from your field visits

REFORMATION

TRANSFORMATION

LET THE WORLD CHANGE YOUAND THEN

YOU CAN CHANGE THE WORLD

1. There are more than 6 billion people in thee world so what does this mean?

2. How does it happen?3. Give some examples

TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION WE NEED TO BE CLEAR ON:

1. Our standing point (with whom)2. Our faith teachings3. Sympathy or empathy4. Our commitment to:

1. Welfare?2. Development?3. Liberal reform?4. Liberation?5. Transformation?

EXAMPLES

› TOURISM

› SANCTIONS

› Election report

› OUR LIVES, OUR EDUCATION

If the dreams of the wealthyBecome my dreams

If my wants become largerThan the needs of the majority

If my status and fame become more importantThan the happiness of all society

If my profitsDestroy the words of the prophets

I will protect the status quo!

If the comfort of the middle classBecomes my comfort

If my leisure time is more importantThan service to the oppressed

If sympathy is easier for meThan empathy for the marginalized

If my standing pointHas many options

I will try to climb the ladder to the top!

If the hunger pangs of the starvingBecome my hunger pangs

If the terror of the torturedBecomes my terror

If the fear of the IDPsBecomes my fear

If the anger of the oppressedBecomes my anger

If the desperately poor rise up to marchAnd I march with them

Then I will struggle with the marginalized for true transformation!

THE WORLD CAN CHANGE US.

TOGETHER WITH THE MARGINALIZED, WE CAN CHANGE THE WORLD

TO BE CHANGED BY THE WORLDAND TO HELP CHANGE THE WORLDWE MUST:

Think outside the box Step out of our comfort zone Be willing to transform self Be clear on our standing point Learn to dialogue Learn empathy Learn to engage the other Identify root problems rather than symptomatic problems Work for transformation rather than charity Learn about conflict transformation from our faiths, our culture,

our history, etc. Recognize our biases, stereotypes and prejudices Focus our work on removing injustice rather than on

peacemaking

CASE STUDY Saigon, Viet Nam April 6, 1975 (the war ended on April 30) Saigon surrounded and cut off Refugees flooding the city Students can not contact parents No money for food and rent Students feeling desperate Came seeking help Together organized a strategy

› Groups with three students in a group› Each day one goes to class and two work in refugee camps› The three rotate so all can continue classes› We provide some money for rent and food

KEY WORDS COMFORT ZONE INSIDE/OUTSIDE THE BOX MULTIPLE IDENTITIES BIASES STEREOTYPES PREJUDICES DISCRIMINATION LABELS SELF-TRANSFORMATION RELIGION FAITH ASSUMPTIONS TOLERANCE ACCEPTANCE DISCUSSION DIALOGUE ENGAGEMENT CONFLICT

CONFLICT MANAGEMENT CONFLICT RESOLUTION CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION VIOLENCE PEACEMAKING JUSTPEACE INJUSTICE SYMPTOMATIC PROBLEM ROOT PROBLEM CRITICAL THINKING AWARENESS WELFARE DEVELOPMENT LIBERAL REFORMATION LIBERATION TRANSFORMATION SYMPATHY EMPATHY NEUTRALITY STANDING POINT