reclaiming citiies
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I u e # 0
A U T H O R
C a r l o D e l c l
R e e l C i t i e a n d t h e
R e v a n c h i t l i t e
R C L A I M I N G T H C I T Y
If municipal platform are to ecome a
tandard earer of ocial jutice and
democrac, autonomou counterpower will
have to e developed from elow.
I
n a world flooded new of
fluctuating market, tagnating
economie, outraged multitude and
0 . U I L D I N G P O W R P A G 1 2
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inurgent violence, it i a if anthing can
park widepread revolt, whether it a mall in
Turke, the price of a metro ticket in razil or
a quat eviction in arcelona.
The imultaneit of thee event oftenocure the voice in the crowd, reducing
them to inditinguihale frequencie in a wall
of noie. Yet, if we tune out of the roader
context of gloal unret and tune in to the
local level at which protet are taking place,
we can hear a common theme underling
them.
That theme i people eeing their ailit to
decide what kind of communitie the want
to live in perverted facele procee that
are far removed from their realit and
unaccountale to it. It i a ituation Marco
Revelli refer to a the new diorder of
gloalization, which refract and divert an
attempt to trace a continuum over the
uniform patialit of the old world great
ditance and national pulic phere. Within
thi diorder, the cit i once again emerging
a the ke terrain in the cartograph ofemancipator truggle.
It wa in a imilar ituation of ocial upheaval
that Henri Lefvre defined the concept of
the right to the cit. In the wildcat general
trike and decentralized occupation of Ma A Y F I L M L O G
U C R I L O G I N
M A G A Z I N
A o u t D i p l a e t t i n g h o p
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3 1 2
1968 in France, the ociologit aw a common
demand for a tranformed and renewed
acce to uran life. Year later, David
Harve revived Lefvre idea, writing that:
For Murra ookchin, thi collective power i
emodied in the hitorical notion of the cit, a
notion that uranization i ultimatel at war
with. In that war, the delierative ocialit of
the politic practiced the cit i detroed
through the impoition of tatecraft a
centralized power, uordinating the ocial
organization of life to the technical logic of
capital.
Revelli complement thi idea when he claim
that the maive infratructure of highwa,
railroad, potal, electric, telegraph and
telephone network recode ocial pace (i.e.,
the phical and non-phical pace of
human interaction) a a pulic pace
T h e r i g h t t o t h e c i t i f a r m o r e t h a n
t h e i n d i v i d u a l l i e r t t o a c c e u r a n
r e o u r c e : i t i a r i g h t t o c h a n g e
o u r e l v e c h a n g i n g t h e c i t . I t i ,
m o r e o v e r , a c o m m o n r a t h e r t h a n a n
i n d i v i d u a l r i g h t , i n c e t h i
t r a n f o r m a t i o n i n e v i t a l d e p e n d
u p o n t h e e x e r c i e o f a c o l l e c t i v e p o w e r
t o r e h a p e t h e p r o c e e o f
u r a n i a t i o n .
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contructed and controlled within the order
of the nation tate.
In oth of thee framework, pulic pace i
conceived a overeign power a the
mooth pace linking node in the gloalcircuit of capital. The optimal tate of that
pulic pace i one in which all of the value
produced within it oundarie adhere to the
norm that ind the capitalit order, while an
alternative form of value i expelled.
Inofar a the nation tate eek tohomogenize the diverit of it population
under a ingle identit, it i the ideal
intitutional form for carring out uch a tak.
Yet the identit that utain a nation tate i a
curiou one: ditant and atracted from dail
life in the local realitie it eek to encompa,
it i ultimatel local to nowhere. Herein lie
the diruptive and emancipator potential of a
radical municipalit politic. Through it
proximit to the realit of cit life, it confront
the tatecraft of the overeign.
C I T I F O R T H C O M M O N G O O D
ince the indignadofirt urt onto the cene
in 2011, pain ha een a laorator for
ottom-up organization and empowerment.
The movement not onl managed to et the
political agenda framing neolieral
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auterit and tructural adjutment a
contrar to aic notion of democrac, ut
alo generated countle neighorhood
aemlie and amplified pre-exiting
aeml-aed movement, uch a the
Plataforma de Afectado por la Hipoteca (the
PAH or Mortgage Victim Platform).
However, the ailit of thee movement to
gather upport from the vat majorit of the
countr population did not tranlate to
much in the wa of intitutional change,
depite their effort to ue all of the formal
mechanim at their dipoal. A people grew
increaingl frutrated with the indifference
of the political cla, man egan to perceive
an intitutional gla ceiling.
A a
reult,
2014 aw
the
emergence of everal radical municipalit
electoral platform that not onl poke the
In pain, 2014 aw theemergence of everalradical municipalitelectoral platform thatnot onl poke thelanguage of the pot-
2011 ocial movement,ut alo contained omeof their mot familiarface.
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language of the pot-2011 ocial movement,
ut alo contained ome of their mot familiar
face. Compoed of prominent activit,
communit organization and ome political
partieut effectivel diolving the
organizational logic of the lattertheir goal
wa to activate citizen control through a
ottom-up politic of proximit and direct
democratic practice.
Thee citizen convergence candidacie
were remarkal ucceful in the 2015
municipal election. In Madrid, arcelona,
Zaragoza, adalona, antiago de Compotela,
Irua, A Corua and the countr
unemploment capital Cdiz, cit
government are currentl run prominent
ocial activit.
Perhap the mot notale example of the new
municipal agenda i arcelona n Com, who
pearheaded the wave of municipalit
candidacie when Ada Colau, the popular
anti-eviction activit, announced that he
would enter electoral politic if it entailed
catalzing a proce of radical citizenparticipation.
The firt tep wa demontrating popular
upport for the idea. Colau aid he would run
onl if the platform (called Guanem or Let
Win arcelona at the time) gathered 30,000
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ignature in upport of the move, with half of
thoe coming from reident of arcelona and
half coming from the ret of the panih tate.
The latter condition wa intended to confirm
the idea reonance in citie eond
arcelona.
In their firt three month in office, arcelona
n Com have alread made a numer of
audaciou move with important political
implication. The alarie of elected arcelona
n Com official were capped at 2,200 per
month (jut over three time time the
minimum wage). For the firt time, citizen
were ale to vote for individual ditrict
repreentative. Monument to notale figure
with tie to the lave trade are eing taken
down and the King of pain likene i et to
e removed from cit hall.
tep are alo eing taken
to preure the regional
and central government
to cloe the cit
immigrant detention
center, and a network ofrefugee citie i eing
etalihed to confront
pain candalou refual
to let people in. Finall, the new cit
government ha challenged the local hotel
and tourim loie, whoe power at the local
In their firt threemonth in office,
arcelona n Comhave alread made a
numer of audacioumove with importantpolitical implication.
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level i difficult to overtate, introducing a
one-ear an on new tourit accommodation
a well a appling heav fine to unlicened
tourit apartment and promoting their
converion into ocial houing.
Cruciall, the new cit government are
taking tep to avoid acting a mere iland of
reitance in a hotile tate. To mark their firt
one-hundred da in office, their maor met
in arcelona for a two-da encounter and
workhop called Citie for the Common Good:
Winning haring xperience of Change.
The event wa attended thouand and
culminated in the deciion to form a network
that will not onl work to reolve municipal
iue ut alo confront other level of
government.
On the econd da of the encounter, working
group were et up to tackle technical iue
related to governing a municipalit and
opening up opportunitie for temic change,
a necear tep given that the vat majorit of
the new repreentative have little to no
experience in intitutional politic. The majortheme of thee eion included fomenting
citizen participation, ocial innovation,
tranparenc and accountailit through
pulic hearing, popular conultation and
citizen initiative.
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Participator udget were another major
goal expreed the repreentative. We
need to turn excitement and common ene
into concrete, pecific action, aid the maor
of Corua Xulio Ferreiro, who argued that
the reel maor hould e the pole of a
political vanguard that project the
municipal viion on a gloal cale.
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A N U P H I L L A T T L
The goal epoued the radical municipal
government in pain are certainl amitiou.
Their firt one hundred da in office have
een characterized a promiing pragmatic
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approach to implementing a old polic
program coupled with the occaional
flamoant geture, like Jo Mara Kichi
Gonzlez replacing a painting of the King of
pain in the maor office with one of Fermn
alvochea, the nineteenth-centur anarchit
maor of Cdiz.
ut the
challenge facing cit government are man.Again, the cae of arcelona n Com i
illutrative. Le than a week after election,
the upper rank of the cit police handed in
their reignation. The were upet that one of
the new cit government main
repreentative i Jaume Aen, a prominent
human right lawer who ha helped
proecute Catalonia igget corruption
candal, uncovered cae of torture cit
police and frequentl defended quatter, ex
worker, anarchit, participant in the Gaza
freedom flotilla and Guantanamo prioner.
A a political move, it wa remarkal imilar
to the New York police union action
againt Maor ill De laio, whoe relativel
mild remark regarding the murder of ric
Garner were le flattering than what police
have ecome accutomed to hearing from
The challenge facingpain radical citgovernment are man.
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elected official.
Moreover, the are alo facing an intenel
hotile media landcape dominated media
group who clearl ide with the
etalihment. The mot widel readnewpaper in arcelona i the conervative
dailLa Vanguardia, which elong to
pain oldet media holding, the Grupo
God. Primaril controlled the famil of
the Count of God, the group alo own a
tremendou portion of the Catalan televiion
channel and radio tation.
The ret of the cit media landcape i
ditriuted among the etalihed panih
media group. Meanwhile, independent media
outlet have mall audience fragmented
diverging opinion on the new
repreentative deciion to enter intitutional
politic.
Finall like mot of the radical municipal
platform, arcelona n Com are currentl
governing the cit from a minorit poition,
meaning that man of their deciion mut e
approved the other partie in order to e
implemented. Though the radical left pro-
independence Candidatura dUnitat Popular
(CUP) i otenil an all, the do not hold
enough eat to make a majorit. Thu, an
deciion mut count with the upport of at
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leat one etalihment part.
All of thee diadvantage were on dipla
during a revealing dipute that took place
during the ummer of 2015. In the week
following the new government inauguration,arcelona main commercial and touritic
area aw an increaing preence of African
treet vendor, pecificall in part of the cit
where the were previoul le viile. It i
unclear whether thi increae wa impl due
to a higher numer of tourit (their main
clientele) or if, a ome treet vendor have
claimed, cit police told them to ell in thee
area.
Over the following week, the Grupo God
ran dail report portraing the ituation a
the reult of a chaotic tranfer of power. Thi
wa not the firt time the had done thi. The
lat time a left-wing coalition governed
arcelona,La Vanguardiaran a erie of
front-page torie depicting treet vendor,
protitute, homele people and quatter a a
prolem of ocial hgiene and uran and
moral deca.
Their narrative wa a paradigmatic example
of what the geographer Neil mith refer to a
the revanchit cit, a vengeful reaction of
elite againt the uppoed theft of the cit,
characterized a deperate defene of a
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challenged phalanx of privilege, cloaked in
the populit language of civic moralit, famil
value and neighourhood ecurit.
Againt the reaction of the
cit revanchit elite,ociall marginalized
group have practicall no
collective voice.
Againt thi reaction,
ociall marginalized
group have practicall no collective voice.To defend their interet, the are forced to
delegate political action and rel primaril on
the protet and pulic tatement of activit
and NGO, who are often ditant from the
ocial realitie of the population targeted
ocial cleaning.
Further complicating the ituation, the lack of
contact and enormou gap etween the
realitie experienced African treet
vendor and average citizen ha allowed
inidiou mth to take root in ociet and
proliferate unchallenged. The mot perniciou
of thee i the idea that treet vending
network are controlled o-called mafia,
a notion that i frequentl parroted in the
media aed purel on anecdotal claim.
Coupled with their lack of elf-repreentation,
thi make it epeciall difficult for the treet
Againt the reaction of
the cit revanchitelite, ociall
marginalized grouphave practicall no
collective voice.
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vendor and imilarl marginalized group to
advance a counter-hegemonic narrative
concerning their work, much le engage in
meaningful collective argaining.
Nonethele, arcelona n Com repondedto the conflict with a tematic effort to look
for a ocial repone to the prolem faced
treet vendor, a oppoed to a police
repone to the prolem of pulic order
decried the media and the police. The
convened a negotiating tale that rought
together cit police, ocial organization,
activit, NGO and treet vendor to look for
a jut olution. It wa the firt time treet
vendor were recognized a legitimate
interlocutor the pulic adminitration.
Their effort, however, were motl drowned
out the hotile rhetoric of theetalihment pre.
When no agreement wa reached at the
negotiating tale, the conflict dragged on.
Then on Augut 11, a enegalee treet vendor
named Mor lla died under quetionale
circumtance during a police operation inalou. The conflict ecalated dramaticall and
a riot roke out in the center of the touritic
town.
Intead of reponding to the tene ocial
climate thi generated relaxing preure on
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treet vendor, arcelona police continued to
act aggreivel, reulting in everal clahe.
Finall, when a cuffle roke out in a central
metro tation and ome vendor reponded
throwing rock at the police, four police were
injured, a well a four vendor and one
tander. Diappointingl, arcelona n
Com reponded deploing riot police in
the cit center to diuade the vendor from
gathering in the area where the had een
working.
T H P O W R O F L F -
R P R N T A T I O N
The ucce of the revanchit campaign
againt African treet vendor outline the real
ditriution of power in a major cit. With no
majorit, a hotile media landcape and a
tatu quo in which the dominant ocial
norm utain an unjut ocial order, even a
government made up of ocial activit with
ear of experience in ottom-up organizing
and civil dioedience can e puhed to make
deciion that reinforce the order the eek to
uvert.
Perhap mot unettling i the ailit of the
police to condition the political agenda. The
potentiall diatrou repercuion of
allowing the police to impoe it own ideolog
on governing intitution cannot e
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overtated.
If
arcelona i to ecome, a arcelona n
Com tate in their program, a tandard
earer of ocial jutice and democrac, thi
cannot e achieved decree. Autonomou
counterpower mut e developed to
challenge dominant cultural framework and
force the cit government to advance the
interet of it mot marginalized reident.
In the revanchit cit, thee reident areoverwhelmingl thoe whoe povert i
criminalized: ex worker, treet vendor, the
homele, treet artit, mall drug offender,
addict and o on. There i a preing need for
autonomou platform that allow the
aforementioned collective to repreent
themelve without having to delegate theircollective voice to other. A roader
movement for the right to the cit could alo
e a tep forward. However, it i alo poile
that uch a movement would end up
aoring marginalized voice in an attempt
to link them with middle-cla interet.
If arcelona i toecome a tandard
earer of ocial juticeand democrac, thicannot e achieved decree.
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Another critical challenge i the media
landcape. Independent media have een
ucceful in periodicall reaking important
torie. ut the have not een o ucceful
in promoting a counter-hegemonic narrative
eond their limited audience. uch a
narrative, or erie of narrative, will need a
much tronger foothold in the media
landcape if the are to produce and utain a
cultural hift.
Thankfull, promiing initiative are emerging
in arcelona. The firt i a elf-organized
network that watche over the area mot
favored treet vendor, filming their
interaction with police to prevent aue andchallenge duiou police report. The econd
i a coalition of neighorhood aemlie and
local migrant right collective that i
working to amplif the voice of the treet
vendor themelve through elf-organized
local event in the cit center.
I G N U P F O R O U R
N W L T T R
The latet content
in our inox.
U C R I D O N A T
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Independent media have een working with
thee platform, dimantling the maintream
media toxic narrative through rigorou
invetigative journalim. The have alo
received the occaional ump from arcelona
n Com utantial preence on the ocial
network and een their meage echoed in
cit hall oth arcelona n Com and
CUP.
It i ea to e dicouraged the uphill attle
of the new municipalit platform. ut it i
important to keep in mind that the current
ituation wa unimaginale in pain four
ear ago. Toda, expectation are highand
it i a good time to e audaciou.
M O R
>
C a r l o D e l c l
C a r l o D e l c l i a o c i o l o g i t , r e e a r c h e r a n d
e d i t o r f o r R O A R M a g a z i n e . H i r e e a r c h
i n t e r e t i n c l u d e i n t e r n a t i o n a l m i g r a t i o n ,
o c i a l t r a t i f i c a t i o n , f e r t i l i t , u r a n o c i o l o g ,
o c i a l m o v e m e n t a n d c u l t u r a l t h e o r .
N X T M A G A Z I N A R T I C L
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