resistance rome
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RESISTANCE IN ROME
Places and people
The partisan attack in Via Rasella• It was an action undertaken
by Italian partisan groups against the German police regiment “Bozen” right in the centre of Rome.
• An Italian student, Rosario Bentivoglia, triggered a bomb when the regiment was approaching.
• 42 German soldiers and two Italian civilians died.
The consequences• The German reprisal consisted in
the Ardeatine Massacre.• 335 people were gathered. 10
hostages for every dead German soldier.
• The hostages were brought to some pozzolana Caves.
• There they were shot.• Their bodies were hidden by the
Germans, who blasted the caves. • Now the place is a shrine-national
monument.
Forte BravettaForte Bravetta is one of the 15 forts of Rome built between 1877 and 1891. It was used as a place for death penalties executions by the state defense court. There is a monument next to the entrance that remembers the shooting of 77 people done during the German occupation.
The Victims
GIOGIO LABO’He partecipated in numerous sabotages. He was caught by the German forces, arrested and brought in via Tasso prison. He was brought to Forte Bravetta and he was shot without a trial.
FORTUNATO CACCAMOHe partecipeted inthe difense of Rome exspecially in Monti Albani and Palestrina. In 1944 he was caught in Bologna square and he was brought to via Tasso prison. He was brutally tortured. After his trial he was shot in Forte Bravetta
‘ROMA CITTA’ APERTA’ It wa a movie directed byRoberto Rossellini in 1945.The most famous actor andactress were Aldo Fabrizi inDon Morosini and AldaMagnani in Pina, a workingclass woman . (
He was a priest and an italian partisan. He was accused of giving weapons and food to partisans .He was brutally tortured by th German forces because they want he declared the names of his partners.He tried to accuse himself for everything. He was shot in Forte Bravetta in 1944.
The MovieThese are two scenes of themovie Roma Città Aperta: the firstwhen Morosini was killed Pina’s run to wards his husbandwho his caught by the Germansoldiers and her shooting. It isOne of the most famous scenes of theItalian movies
Salvo D’Acquisto
On 22 September some German soldiers were
inspecting boxes of munitions at Palidoro when there was an explosion. One died and two others were wounded. The
commander blamed the death on "unnamed locals" and
demanded the cooperation of the Carabinieri. D'Acquisto ,
the commander of Carabinieri , declared he alone
was responsible for the "murder". He was shot on the spot. He was 22. For his heroic
behavior Salvo D’Acquisto received a gold medal
Resistance in Quadraro• Quadraro was the area where a search
was carried out in 1944 in which 947 men were brought to concentration camps in Germany and in Poland.
• On 17 April, around 4 a.m., ranks surrounded the neighborhood, blocking any way out.
• They searched every house, taking away about 2000 men between nineteen and fifty.
• After a few days the selected men were moved to their final destinations.
• Only half of them survived after the Liberation
Quadraro• The “Operation Whale” was held
after the killing of three soldiers by the Quarticciolo Hunchbacked’s troop to eliminate as many opponents to the regime as they could.
• It was disguised as an act aimed to the enrolment of manpower for the Wehrmacht.
• On 17th April 2004 the neighborhood was honored with the Gold Civilian Merit Badge.A park in that area was named “Park 17th April 1944” and enriched with a monument, in memory of the event.
Fernando Montelli’s Story• Fernando was born in Rome in 1922 and he lived at the Quadraro
district• He got engaged to Graziella, who wrote to him as a war
godmother• On 17 April 1944 he was at home at Quadraro district when the
roundup started. 1500 men were taken to the Cinema Quadraro.They were redirected to other places in Italy
• Fernando managed to escape and got on a train that was hijacked to Germany by the the Nazi the train
• When he arrived he was taken to a labour camp where he worked in ammunition manufactoring
• Fernando was young and good-looking . A young German woman, Evelyn, helped him and they started a relationship
• In 1945 the Allies freed the camp. Fernando escaped
Happy ending• He arranged to meet Evelyn to escape together• When he arrived the Allies had just bombed the place and Evelyn
was not there• Fernando believed she had died during the attack• He went on foot to Italy, walking for a month. When he arrived in
Rome he looked for Graziella and told her everything about his imprisonment
• Graziella understood and after some months they got married and went back at the Quadraro
• In the ’80s a letter written in German arrived. • They discovered that Evelyn was not dead and Fernando had a 40
yea-old daughter in Germany• Fernando’s family understood and welcomed the “German
daughter”• They keept in touch even after Fernando’s death, in 1999• In May 2013 Graziella turned 90 and Evelyn’s daughter came in
Rome to celebrate
Resistance• While the Second World War
was ending lots of people fought against fascism.
• They belonged to every social class and to every political party.
• They were called Partisans.• They were not a legal army,
and they were divided into lots of groups.
• Most of them were in the North of Italy.
• Partisans were supported by common people, who helped them in many ways.
Women in the resistance• There were not only men. Partisans were also women. • Women were an important part in the resistance.• They left their role as mothers and wives, and they started
fighting for freedom and justice. • They passed from inside jobs, helping hill people, to working
as partisan's relay.• They worked instead of men, sometimes in war or in the
resistance itself.• They also collected money in order to help relatives of
arrested people. • Relays were young women between sixteen and eighteen
years old.• They had no weapons and they sometimes escorted rebels.
Role of women• Partisans women were important even if they were not
allowed to use weapon. • Their job was extremely dangerous because if they were
caught with the partisan's messages they could be killed. • Women often used double-bottom bags in order not to be
discovered. • An important relay was Calrla Capponi, that received the gold
medal of honor. • Carla Capponi was one of the organizers of the attack in "Via
Rasella".
Insitutional role of women• Women also had institutional roles, • Gisella Floreanini was the first woman that
was a politician in the partisan republic of Osella.
• At the end she became a member of Consulta nazionale, and then was elected in the camera dei deputati.
• Another important woman was Nilde Iotti, a member of the PCI (Italian Communist Party).
• After the referendum of 2 June 1946 Nilde Iotti was elected in the Italian Parliament.
• She helped creating the third article of the Italian constitution, that is about citizens equality.
• •
Teresa Gullace• One of the resistance symbol was Teresa
Gullace. • She was a Italian partisan whose husband
was arrested by SS. • Teresa tried to stand near him but a soldier
shot her with a gun. • She died taking with her their sixth son,
who was in her womb. • Teresa Gullace’s story was the inspiration of
Roberto Rossellini for the movie "Roma città aperta".
• In that film Anna Magnani plays the role of Pina, that died in the same way as Teresa.
• "Roma città aperta" is a film of 1945.
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