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SEPTEMBER 29, 2015

Finish Roman Republic GSPRITE

Punic Wars Notes

Roman Empire Notes

HW: Vocab Quiz Tomorrow

Vocab Due Tomorrow

Roman Expansion

Military expansion

Legions: units of 5,000 men

Romans control all of Italian peninsula by 256 B.C.

Treatment of conquered peoples

Made citizens or allies

Allies could do what they wanted as long as they didn’t set allegiance to any other people

Commercial Expansion

Trade networks by sea

Roman roads

Roman Roads

FIRST PUNIC WAR

264-241 B.C.

• Rome and Carthage wanted

control of Sicily.

• Punic = Punicus = Phoenicians

• Mostly naval battles

• Carthage had superior navy

• Carthage was winning initially

• Romans develop new boats that

ram and hook Carthaginian ships

• Romans then board Carthaginian

ships and fight hand to hand

combat

Rome eventually defeats

Carthage

Gains control of Sicily,

Sardinia, and Corsica

Rome = Yellow Carthage = Red

SECOND PUNIC WAR

218-201 B.C.

• Carthage wants control of Iberian city of Saguntum

(allied with Rome)

• Iberus River = line-of-demarcation between Roman and

Carthaginian spheres of influence

• Bitter about loss to Rome in First Punic War

Map prior to First Punic War

Rome = Yellow Carthage = Red

Hannibal

50,000 Men

6,000 Horses

37 War Elephants

Winter in the Alps

• Carthaginian general Hannibal

• Invades Italian peninsula by going

across the Alps

• Surprises Romans

SECOND PUNIC WAR

218-201 B.C.

Hannibal invades Italian

peninsula

Wins battles on his way to

Rome

Never invades Rome itself

Romans attack Carthage

and Hannibal returns to

defend it

Hannibal and the

Carthaginian Empire are

defeated at Zama in 201

B.C.

SECOND PUNIC WAR

218-201 B.C.

Rome wins Second Punic

War

Carthage gives up all

territory outside of Africa

(namely Spain) and lots

of gold

Carthage no longer

much of a threat

THIRD PUNIC WAR

149-146 B.C

Romans afraid Carthage would rebuilt and attack again

Roman politician Cato calls for war

Wanted revenge for Hannibal’s destruction in Second Punic War

Carthage is weak with little land

THIRD PUNIC WAR

149-146 B.C Rome invades

Carthage and wins easily

Entire population of city sold into slavery or killed

Everything else burned and dumped into the sea

Site covered with salt so that nothing would ever grow there again

Carthage completely destroyed

Results of Punic Wars

Carthage completely destroyed

Empire of Carthage becomes part

of Roman Empire

Rome controls almost entire

Mediterranean Sea

Beginning of Roman dominance in

the Western world

ROMAN EMPIRE AFTER THE PUNIC

WARS 264-146 BC

Roman Republic to Roman Empire

Transition from values of hard work and

simplicity to imperialism and world

supremacy

In addition to Carthaginian Empire,

expanded eastward to Anatolia and Egypt

Acquired control of trade routes

Became very wealthy

Wealthy landowner established large scale

farms called latifundia

Latifundias used slave labor small farmers

couldn’t compete small farmers sold land and moved to cities cities overcrowded not

enough jobs or food riots

Divide between rich and poor grows